Trompa interestelar : el color sonoro de la trompa en la "llamada interestelar" de O. Messiaen

Mi trabajo versa sobre la obra de O. Messiaen "Des Canyons aux etoiles" (De los cañones a las estrellas), y en particular de uno de los movimientos de la obra: "Appel Interestellaire" -N.VI- (Llamada Interestelar) -para trompa sola-. Se estructura en dos partes. La primera se centra en su contexto histórico -como, cuando y para quien fue compuesta-; análisis formal, armónico, melódico, rítmico; y aspectos estéticos. La segunda parte está vinculada con la interpretación de la obra. Se realiza un análisis para la interpretación -técnica de la trompa, efectos sonoros, timbres-; se hace una comparación entre la interpretación de 2 diferentes trompistas, y por último, aporto mi propuesta de interpretación. El trabajo se cierra con una conclusión, bibliografía, y un extracto con anexos (esquema, partitura y datos o imágenes de interés).

La veu dels músics a través de les seves experiències cognitives i emotives

Peer-reviewed

Acute Infection in Total Knee Arthroplasty: Diagnosis and Treatment

Infection is one of the most serious complications after total knee arthroplasty (TKA). The current incidence of prosthetic knee infection is 1-3%, depending on the series(.) For treatment and control to be more cost effective, multidisciplinary groups made up of professionals from different specialities who can work together to eradicate these kinds of infections need to be assembled. About the microbiology, Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococcus were among the most frequent microorganisms involved (74%). Anamnesis and clinical examination are of primary importance in order to determine whether the problem may point to a possible acute septic complication. The first diagnosis may then be supported by increased CRP and ESR levels. The surgical treatment for a chronic prosthetic knee infection has been perfectly defined and standardized, and consists in a two-stage implant revision process. In contrast, the treatment for acute prosthetic knee infection is currently under debate. Considering the different surgical techniques that already exist, surgical debridement with conservation of the prosthesis and polythene revision appears to be an attractive option for both surgeon and patient, as it is less aggressive than the two-stage revision process and has lower initial costs. The different results obtained from this technique, along with prognosis factors and conclusions to keep in mind when it is indicated for an acute prosthetic infection, whether post-operative or haematogenous, will be analysed by the authors.

Contribution of cytochrome P450 and ABCB1 genetic variability on methadone pharmacokinetics, dose requirements, and response

Although the efficacy of methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) in opioid dependence disorder has been well established, the influence of methadone pharmacokinetics in dose requirement and clinical outcome remains controversial. The aim of this study is to analyze methadone dosage in responder and nonresponder patients considering pharmacogenetic and pharmacokinetic factors that may contribute to dosage adequacy. Opioid dependence patients (meeting Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, [4th Edition] criteria) from a MMT community program were recruited. Patients were clinically assessed and blood samples were obtained to determine plasma concentrations of (R,S)-, (R) and (S)- methadone and to study allelic variants of genes encoding CYP3A5, CYP2D6, CYP2B6, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, and P-glycoprotein. Responders and nonresponders were defined by illicit opioid consumption detected in random urinalysis. The final sample consisted in 105 opioid dependent patients of Caucasian origin. Responder patients received higher doses of methadone and have been included into treatment for a longer period. No differences were found in terms of genotype frequencies between groups. Only CYP2D6 metabolizing phenotype differences were found in outcome status, methadone dose requirements, and plasma concentrations, being higher in the ultrarapid metabolizers. No other differences were found between phenotype and responder status, methadone dose requirements, neither in methadone plasma concentrations. Pharmacokinetic factors could explain some but not all differences in MMT outcome and methadone dose requirements.

Aproximación a los factores explicativos del desistimiento en jóvenes infractores

L'article té per objectiu explorar quins factors esdevenen rellevants per al cessament de la conducta delictiva en menors i joves infractors,relacionant dos conceptes que malgrat que provenen d'àmbits disciplinaris diferents, el desistiment i la resiliència, tenen força elements en comú. En l'estudi participen un total de 110 joves de la província de Barcelona entre 14 i 17 anys que es troben pendent d'inici, en execució o han finalitzat un programa socioeducatiu (mediació, medi obert o internament) en l'àmbit de la justícia juvenil. S'utilitza un qüestionari i una fitxa per recollir informació de les bases de dades del Departament de Justícia de la Generalitat de Catalunya. Els principals resultats indiquen que un passat advers no dificulta el desistiment, i que l'acció de factors de protecció contextuals i individuals fa minvar el risc de reincidència.

Moderate-Vigorous physical activity across Body Mass Index in females: moderating effect of endocannabinoids and temperament

Background: Endocannabinoids and temperament traits have been linked to both physical activity and body mass index (BMI) however no study has explored how these factors interact in females. The aims of this cross-sectional study were to 1) examine differences among distinct BMI groups on daytime physical activity and time spent in moderate-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), temperament traits and plasma endocannabinoid concentrations; and 2) explore the association and interaction between MVPA, temperament, endocannabinoids and BMI. Methods: Physical activity was measured with the wrist-worn accelerometer Actiwatch AW7, in a sample of 189 female participants (43 morbid obese, 30 obese, and 116 healthy-weight controls). The Temperament and Character Inventory-Revised questionnaire was used to assess personality traits. BMI was calculated by bioelectrical impedance analysis via the TANITA digital scale. Blood analyses were conducted to measure levels of endocannabinoids and endocannabinoid-related compounds. Path-analysis was performed to examine the association between predictive variables and MVPA. Results: Obese groups showed lower MVPA and dysfunctional temperament traits compared to healthy-weight controls. Plasma concentrations of 2-arachidonoylglyceryl (2-AG) were greater in obese groups. Path-analysis identified a direct effect between greater MVPA and low BMI (b = −0.13, p = .039) and high MVPA levels were associated with elevated anandamide (AEA) levels (b = 0.16, p = .049) and N-oleylethanolamide (OEA) levels (b = 0.22, p = .004), as well as high Novelty seeking (b = 0.18, p<.001) and low Harm avoidance (b = −0.16, p<.001). Conclusions: Obese individuals showed a distinct temperament profile and circulating endocannabinoids compared to controls. Temperament and endocannabinoids may act as moderators of the low MVPA in obesity.

¿Sepsis en LES?. Anticoagulante lúpico. Cuatro casos clínicos pediátricos

En el lupus eritematoso diseminado no son infrecuentes los trastornos de la coagulación, con hemorragias, que incluso en ocasiones pueden ser la primera manifestación; si además se añade fiebre puede malinterpretarse como un cuadro infeccioso, sabre todo si se acompaña de la presencia de anticoagulante lúpico (inmunoglobulina presente en el l0-25% de los casos, con afinidad por los fosfolípidos cargados negativamente, que impide que el proceso de coagulación in vitro se desarrolle normalmente), ya que se asemejará a una sepsis con coagulopatía. Los cuatro casas reseñados son ejemplos de esta situación. Una minuciosa anamnesis y examen clínico, la correcta interpretación de los exámenes complementarios junto con la sospecha diagnóstica son básicos en la orientación de estos pacientes.