Ressurgimento da Febre Reumática. Novas Causas ou Velhas Atitudes?

Dado que nos últimos anos se tem verificado um aumento da incidência da Febre Reumática (F.R.), assumiu-se como objectivo deste trabalho tentar avaliar as causas dos casos ocorridos recentemente entre nós. Analisaram-se os processos de três crianças nascidas e residentes em Portugal, com o primeiro surto conhecido de F.R., observadas entre Junho de 1993 e Março de 1994. Um caso apresentou-se com poliartrite, um com poliartrite e cardite e outro com coreia e cardite. Apenas num deles a hipótese de F.R. foi colocada de início e no global foi possível identificar falhas na profilaxia e no diagnóstico ecocardiográfico da valvulopatia. Concluiu-se que entre nós, e face a estes exemplos, o recrudescimento e a morbilidade da Febre Reumática, se deve provavelmente mais ao esquecimento de velhas atitudes do que a novas causas. Os atrasos no diagnóstico e a profilaxia secundária podem influenciar os resultados a longo prazo.

Benefícios da Terapêutica de Ressincronização Cardíaca na «Miocardiopatia Muito Dilatada»

INTRODUCTION: Recent clinical trials have studied parameters that could predict response to cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) in patients with advanced heart failure. Left ventricular end-diastolic dimension (LVEDD) is regarded as a possible predictor of response to CRT. OBJECTIVE: To study the response to CRT in patients with very dilated cardiomyopathy, i.e. those at a more advanced stage of the pathology, analyzing both the responder rate and reverse remodeling in two groups of patients classified according to LVEDD. METHODS: We performed a retrospective analysis of 71 patients who underwent CRT (aged 62 +/- 11 years; 65% male; 93% in NYHA functional class > or = III; 31% with ischemic cardiomyopathy; left ventricular ejection fraction [LVEF] 25.6 +/- 6.8%; 32% in atrial fibrillation; QRS 176 +/- 31 ms). Twenty-two (31%) patients with LVEDD > or = 45 mm/m2 (49.2 +/- 3.5 mm/m2) were considered to have very dilated cardiomyopathy (Group A) and 49 patients had LVEDD > 37 mm/m2 and < 45 mm/m2 (39.4 +/- 3.8 mm/m2) (Group B). All patients were assessed by two-dimensional echocardiography at baseline and six months after CRT. The following parameters were analyzed: NYHA functional class, LVEF and LVEDD. Responders were defined clinically (improvement of > or = 1 NYHA class) and by echocardiography, with a minimum 15% increase over baseline LVEF combined with a reduction in LVEDD (reverse remodeling). RESULTS: There were no significant differences in baseline demographic characteristics between the two groups. At six-month followup, we observed an improvement in LVEF (delta 8.5 +/- 11.8%) and a reduction in LVEDD (delta 3.7 +/- 6.8 mm/m2), with fifty-seven (79%) patients being classified as clinical responders. The percentage of patients with reverse remodeling was similar in both groups (64% vs. 73%, p = NS), as were percentages of improved LVEF (delta 6.3 +/- 11% vs. delta 9.6 +/- 12%; p = NS) and decreased LVEDD (delta 3.7 +/- 5.5 mm/m2 vs. delta 3.7 +/- 7.4 mm/m2; p = NS). We found a higher percentage of clinical responders in patients with very dilated cardiomyopathy (96% vs. 72%, p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: In this study, a significant number of responders showed reverse remodeling after CRT. Although a higher percentage of patients with very dilated cardiomyopathy showed improvement in functional class, the extent of reverse remodeling was similar in both groups.

A Laqueação Tubária no Espaço Psicológico

Com este estudo pretende-se fazer uma abordagem da problemática da laqueação tubária à luz de um entendimento psicológico.São avaliados os motivos pelos quais as mulheres pedem laqueações e quais os possíveis factores de risco e arrependimento.

Más Notícias

A autora aborda um tema inquietante para o médico que naclínica tem por missão informar o doente de factos por este considerados gravosos. Em pediatria a relação médico-doente é, na esmagadora maioria dos casos, extensiva aos pais e atendendo à especificidade desse exercício torna-se particularmente angustiante a comunicação de más notícias. Esse facto tem várias justificações que contemplam a impreparação do médico, o receio das próprias emoções e sentimentos de identificação, a reacção dos pais e da criança e a impossibilidade de desenvolvimento de uma relação de confiança em caso de doença súbita ou acidental. O limite extremo da má notícia prende-se com o tema da morte, acrescidamente difícil de enfrentar em pediatria pelo ilogismo de tal ocorrência. Para além de uma retrospectiva da literatura médica este é um trabalho de análise introspectiva.

American Society of Anesthesiologists Score: Still Useful After 60 Years? Results of the EuSOS Study

OBJECTIVE: The European Surgical Outcomes Study described mortality following in-patient surgery. Several factors were identified that were able to predict poor outcomes in a multivariate analysis. These included age, procedure urgency, severity and type and the American Association of Anaesthesia score. This study describes in greater detail the relationship between the American Association of Anaesthesia score and postoperative mortality. METHODS: Patients in this 7-day cohort study were enrolled in April 2011. Consecutive patients aged 16 years and older undergoing inpatient non-cardiac surgery with a recorded American Association of Anaesthesia score in 498 hospitals across 28 European nations were included and followed up for a maximum of 60 days. The primary endpoint was in-hospital mortality. Decision tree analysis with the CHAID (SPSS) system was used to delineate nodes associated with mortality. RESULTS: The study enrolled 46,539 patients. Due to missing values, 873 patients were excluded, resulting in the analysis of 45,666 patients. Increasing American Association of Anaesthesia scores were associated with increased admission rates to intensive care and higher mortality rates. Despite a progressive relationship with mortality, discrimination was poor, with an area under the ROC curve of 0.658 (95% CI 0.642 - 0.6775). Using regression trees (CHAID), we identified four discrete American Association of Anaesthesia nodes associated with mortality, with American Association of Anaesthesia 1 and American Association of Anaesthesia 2 compressed into the same node. CONCLUSION: The American Association of Anaesthesia score can be used to determine higher risk groups of surgical patients, but clinicians cannot use the score to discriminate between grades 1 and 2. Overall, the discriminatory power of the model was less than acceptable for widespread use.