Lesões do Sistema Nervoso Central na Síndroma de Adams-Oliver

Reportam-se dois casos de doentes do sexo feminino com dois anos de idade e síndrome Adams-Oliver, que se caracteriza por um defeito congénito do escalpe e alterações malformativas congénitas dos membros, a que se associaram malformações e complicações do SNC. O diagnóstico foi feito à nascença e a aplasia cútis congénita caracterizava-se não só por extenso defeito no escalpe, mas também no osso subjacente, com exposição dos seios durais. A variabilidade das duas situações clinicas, traduziu-se essencialmente pela exetnsão e gravidade das lesões osteocutâneas dos membros e do crânio, pelas anomalias do SNC e pelo tipo de intercorrências. Numa criança detectou-se por TC e RM hemimegalencefalia focal do hemisfério direito e a outra apresentou durante o decuros da doença lesões encefaloclásticas e herniação encefálica, que necessitou de correcção cirúrgica. Ambas sobreviveram, mas o diagnóstico de lesão malformativa do SNC e a ocorrência de lesões encefaloclásticas modificaram de forma determinante o prognóstico inicial.

Locally Advanced and Metastatic Prostate Cancer Treated with Intermittent Androgen Monotherapy or Maximal Androgen Blockade: Results from a Randomised Phase 3 Study by the South European Uroncological Group

BACKGROUND: Few randomised studies have compared antiandrogen intermittent hormonal therapy (IHT) with continuous maximal androgen blockade (MAB) therapy for advanced prostate cancer (PCa). OBJECTIVE: To determine whether overall survival (OS) on IHT (cyproterone acetate; CPA) is noninferior to OS on continuous MAB. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This phase 3 randomised trial compared IHT and continuous MAB in patients with locally advanced or metastatic PCa. INTERVENTION: During induction, patients received CPA 200 mg/d for 2 wk and then monthly depot injections of a luteinising hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH; triptoreline 11.25 mg) analogue plus CPA 200 mg/d. Patients whose prostate-specific antigen (PSA) was <4 ng/ml after 3 mo of induction treatment were randomised to the IHT arm (stopped treatment and restarted on CPA 300 mg/d monotherapy if PSA rose to ≥20 ng/ml or they were symptomatic) or the continuous arm (CPA 200 mg/d plus monthly LHRH analogue). OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Primary outcome measurement was OS. Secondary outcomes included cause-specific survival, time to subjective or objective progression, and quality of life. Time off therapy in the intermittent arm was recorded. RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS: We recruited 1045 patients, of which 918 responded to induction therapy and were randomised (462 to IHT and 456 to continuous MAB). OS was similar between groups (p=0.25), and noninferiority of IHT was demonstrated (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.90; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.76-1.07). There was a trend for an interaction between PSA and treatment (p=0.05), favouring IHT over continuous therapy in patients with PSA ≤1 ng/ml (HR: 0.79; 95% CI, 0.61-1.02). Men treated with IHT reported better sexual function. Among the 462 patients on IHT, 50% and 28% of patients were off therapy for ≥2.5 yr or >5 yr, respectively, after randomisation. The main limitation is that the length of time for the trial to mature means that other therapies are now available. A second limitation is that T3 patients may now profit from watchful waiting instead of androgen-deprivation therapy. CONCLUSIONS: Noninferiority of IHT in terms of survival and its association with better sexual activity than continuous therapy suggest that IHT should be considered for use in routine clinical practice.