Personality, Brain Asymmetry, and Neuroendocrine Reactivity in Two Immune-Mediated Disorders: a Preliminary Report

Development of some immune-mediated disorders may depend on dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. To explore neuropsychologic mechanisms in relation to the abnormal endocrine reactivity in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and chronic hepatitis C (CHC) we used the corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH) test, the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI), and the Edinburgh Inventory of Manual Preference Inventory (EIMP). Compared to controls, the adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) response to CRH was reduced in CHC, while SLE presented reduced baseline dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate levels; higher neurotic scores were found in SLE and higher behavior deviant scores in CHC. Peak ACTH levels were a significant factor for the MMPI profile variability, while the manual preference score was a significant factor for the ACTH response. Personality and manual preference contribute to neuroendocrine abnormalities. Different behavioral and neuroimmunoendocrine models emerge for these disorders.

Amilina: Hormona Pancreática de Glucorregulação

A diabetes tipo I e os estadios avançados de diabetes tipo II são caracterizados por alterações do metabolismo glucídico resultantes da lesão da célula ß pancreática, com consequente perda da secreção de insulina. É elevado o número de doentes em que, apesar das adequadas medidas terapêuticas, o bom controle metabólico, tão necessário na prevenção das complicações tardias, é difícil de ser alcançado. As alterações no esvaziamento gástrico têm vindo a ser valorizadas na dificuldade do controlo metabólico, ao impedir a coordenação entre o aparecimento da glucose na circulação e a actividade da insulina. A amilina é reconhecida actualmente como a 3ª hormona da glucorregulação, intervindo na homeostase glucídica ao actuar como moduladora do esvaziamento gástrico. Discutem-se outros possíveis mecanismos de acção desta hormona, ainda não claramente esclarecidos. O reconhecimento de que esta hormona se encontra diminuida em doentes diabéticos, bem como o reconhecimento de suas acções, perspectiva a administração de análogos de amilina como uma nova forma de intervenção terapêutica.

Hipotiroidismo Associado a Anticorpos Anti-Receptor da Hormona TSH com Ação Bloqueadora Determinada In Vitro

Thyroid-stimulating hormone-receptor autoantibodies normally causes hyperthyroidism. However, they might have blocking activity causing hypothyroidism. A 11-year-old girl followed due to type 1 diabetes mellitus, celiac disease and euthyroid lymphocytic thyroiditis at diagnosis. Two years after the initial evaluation, thyroid-stimulating hormone was suppressed with normal free T4; nine months later, a biochemical evolution to hypothyroidism with thyroid-stimulating hormone-receptor autoantibodies elevation was seen; the patient remained always asymptomatic. Chinese hamster ovary cells were transfected with the recombinant human thyroid-stimulating hormone -receptor, and then exposed to the patient's serum; it was estimated a 'moderate' blocking activity of these thyroid-stimulating hormone-receptor autoantibodies, and concomitantly excluded stimulating action. In this case, the acknowledgment of the blocking activity of the serum thyroid-stimulating hormone-receptor autoantibodies, supported the hypothesis of a multifactorial aetiology of the hypothyroidism, which in the absence of the in vitro tests, we would consider only as a consequence of the destructive process associated to lymphocytic thyroiditis.