The sociological perspective on the knowledge-based society: assumptions, facts and visions

The paper will present the central discourse of the knowledge-based society. Already in the 1960s the debate of the industrial society already raised the question whether there can be considered a paradigm shift towards a knowledge-based society. Some prominent authors already foreseen ‘knowledge’ as the main indicator in order to displace ‘labour’ and ‘capital’ as the main driving forces of the capitalistic development. Today on the political level and also in many scientific disciplines the assumption that we are already living in a knowledge-based society seems obvious. Although we still do not have a theory of the knowledge-based society and there still exist a methodological gap about the empirical indicators, the vision of a knowledge-based society determines at least the perception of the Western societies. In a first step the author will pinpoint the assumptions about the knowledge-based society on three levels: on the societal, on the organisational and on the individual level. These assumptions are relied on the following topics: a) The role of the information and communication technologies; b) The dynamic development of globalisation as an ‘evolutionary’ process; c) The increasing importance of knowledge management within organisations; d) The changing role of the state within the economic processes. Not only the differentiation between the levels but also the revision of the assumptions of a knowledge-based society will show that the ‘topics raised in the debates’ cannot be considered as the results of a profound societal paradigm shift. However what seems very impressive is the normative and virtual shift towards a concept of modernity, which strongly focuses on the role of technology as a driving force as well as on the global economic markets, which has to be accepted. Therefore – according to the official debate - the successful adaptation of these processes seems the only way to meet the knowledge-based society. Analysing the societal changes on the three levels, the label ‘knowledge-based society’ can be seen critically. Therefore the main question of Theodor W. Adorno during the 16th Congress of Sociology in 1968 did not loose its actuality. Facing the societal changes he asked whether we are still living in the industrial society or already in a post-industrial state. Thinking about the knowledge-based society according to these two options, this exercise would enrich the whole debate in terms of social inequality, political, economic exclusion processes and at least the power relationship between social groups.

The Visual Culture of Human Rights. Observations on Amnesty International

Trabalho de project de Mestrado em Antropologia de Direitos Humanos e Movimentos Sociais

A arbitragem como alternativa para diminuir a morosidade do sistema judiciário brasileiro

This thesis is about arbitration, a form of alternative dispute resolution, as a solution for the slowness of the Brazilian Judiciary. The paper starts with an approach of the fundamental rights, highlighting their positivation, important to distinguish them from human rights, the four dimensions of the fundamental rights and, lastly, the analysis of their features, emphasizing their characters of complementarity and universality. After, it starts to discourse about the “access to Justice”, an important fundamental right, and, to delimitate the role of the Judiciary and the problems related to solve cases in a reasonable amount of time. Next, it exposes other alternative forms of dispute resolutions that, like the arbitration, can help to the concretization of a faster and more effective Justice. Then, it discusses the historical evolution of the arbitration in Brazil, highlighting the contemporary features of the institute, which were more visible with the ratification of the New York Convention and the promulgation of Law nº 9.307/1996. In addition, it analyses the possible changes that will come with the New Brazilian Procedure Law Code and the PL 7.108/2014, intended to change the current Arbitration Law. It also explains the main arbitration attributes, describing the peculiarities of the arbitral convention, the arbitrator role, and the arbitral award aspects. At least, it lists the main reasons someone should choose arbitration instead the Judiciary, considering the Brazilian Courts reality.

Fotografia-História, o pensamento em imagens : Contributos para a leitura de «História da Imagem Fotográfica em Portugal, 1839-1997» (António Sena, 1998) como um hiperdocumento

Com esta investigação pretende-se caracterizar a relação indissociável entre História e Fotografia, reconhecendo as múltiplas formas de manipulação e respectivos mecanismos de hierarquização de poder, que não apenas determinam o desenvolvimento da sua produção, arquivo e recepção, como desvendam uma constelação de ligações disciplinares, técnicas e políticas que potenciam e moldam o seu sentido. Esta problemática é analisada no contexto português, a partir das práticas de exposição, publicação e colecção fotográfica e consequente ajuste do discurso teórico e crítico nas décadas de 1980 e 1990, adoptando como eixo de pesquisa o trabalho de investigação e historiografia desenvolvido entre 1973 e 1998 por António Sena e, especificamente, o modo como aplica a História (de um meio) como hiperdocumento. O filme Olho de Vidro, uma História da Fotografia (1982), realizado por António Sena e Margarida Gil, as iniciativas fotográficas desenvolvidas pela associação ether/vale tudo menos tirar olhos entre 1982 e 1994, a criação da base de dados Luzitânia/ ether pix database e as publicações Uma História de Fotografia (1991) e História da Imagem Fotográfica em Portugal, 1839-1997 (1998) da autoria de António Sena, formam o corpus do nosso estudo de caso.

Portugal (1928-1968) : Um Filme de J. Leitão de Barros

Apoio financeiro da FCT e do FSE no âmbito do III Quadro Comunitário de Apoio