Gestão de veículos em fim de vida: do contexto internacional à realidade portuguesa

Dissertação apresentada para a obtenção do grau de Mestre em Engenharia Ambiente, pela Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências e tecnologia

Nanobiophotonics for biomolecular diagnostics

Dissertação para obtenção do Grau de Doutor em Biotecnologia

Determinants of the Portuguese government bond yield spread

A Work Project, presented as part of the requirements for the Award of a Masters Degree in Finance from the NOVA – School of Business and Economics

Study of gold nanoparticle assisted neuron stimulation

The unique proprieties exhibited by nanoscale particles compared to their macro size counterparts allow for the creation of novel neural activity manipula-tion procedures. In this sense, gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) can be used to stimu-late the electrical activity of neuron by converting light into heat. During this dissertation, AuNPs are synthesized by the citrate reduction method, resulting in a hydrodynamic diameter of approximately 16 nm and an absorbance peak of 530 nm. A system to control a 532 nm laser and measure the temperature variation was custom built from scratch specifically for this project. Temperature is then measured with recourse to a thermocouple and through changes in impedance. The built system had in consideration the necessities pre-sented by in vivo tests. Trials were performed by measuring the temperature rise of colloidal AuNP solutions, having the temperature variation reached a maximum of ap-proximately 18 ºC relative to control trials; successfully showing that light is ef-fectively transduced into heat when AuNPs are present. This novel approach enables an alternative to optogenetics, which require the animal to be genetically modified in order to allow neuron stimulation.

Cerâmicas de ornatos brunidos de povoados do bronze final do Sudoeste da Bacia do Enxoé caracterização química, mineralógica e textural

Dissertação de Mestrado em Conservação e Restauro Área de Especialização de Cerâmica

Guimarães e as suas tradições orais: um estudo etnográfico e patrimonial sobre as Festas Nicolinas e a Festa das Cruzes

"O presente relatório de estágio desenvolveu-se no âmbito da missão e atribuições do Instituto dos Museus e da Conservação, através do estudo de duas festividades proposto pelo mesmo e, igualmente, no âmbito do projecto expositivo, em curso pelo Museu de Alberto Sampaio, a realizar no contexto de Guimarães – Capital Europeia da Cultura 2012. A realização do estágio teve como principal objectivo a elaboração de duas Fichas de Inventário nos termos das orientações técnicas do Instituto dos Museus e da Conservação. O estágio pretende contribuir ou servir de iniciação a um estudo/investigação etnográfico e patrimonial sobre duas festas do concelho de Guimarães: as festas Nicolinas e a festa das Cruzes.”

Vir sapiens dominabitur astris: astrological knowledge and practices in the Portuguese medieval court (king João I to king Afonso V)

Dissertação apresentada para cumprimento dos requisitos necessários à obtenção do grau de Mestre em História Medieval

Avaliação de estado de uma escultura de bronze: “Jean d’Aire” de Auguste Rodin

Dissertação para a obtenção do Grau de Mestre em Conservação e Restauro, Especialização em Metais

A Capela de S. João Baptista: o esplendor do mosaico vítreo - Caracterização dos elementos colorantes

Dissertação para obtenção do Grau de Mestre em Conservação e Restauro

Guimarães – da fundação a Património da Humanidade

Revista do IHA, N.4 (2007), pp.246-269

O Inventário Artístico do Patriarcado de Lisboa: história e análise de uma ferramenta museológica precursora

Artigo inserido no âmbito da realização da tese de doutoramento em História da Arte, financiada por bolsa FCT (SFRH/BD/63763/2009).

Visões da psiquiatria, doença mental e república no trabalho do Psiquiatra Luís Cebola (1876-1967): uma abordagem histórica nas encruzilhadas da psiquiatria, ideologia política e ficção, em Portugal, na primeira metade do Século XX

A presente dissertação tem como objectivo a elaboração de uma biografia do psiquiatra Luís Cebola, com ênfase na sua concepção da prática clínica e no seu posicionamento ideológico. Além disso, pretende-se ampliar a compreensão acerca da conceptualização da doença mental, bem como dos tratamentos psiquiátricos aplicados em Portugal, durante a primeira metade do século XX, tendo por base o seu desempenho enquanto director clínico – desde 1911 até 1949 – da Casa de Saúde do Telhal (CST), pertencente à Ordem Hospitaleira de São João de Deus (OHSJD). Esta dissertação representa um estudo pioneiro sobre esta personalidade – negligenciada pela história da psiquiatra praticada até agora em Portugal – e sobre as suas contribuições para o desenvolvimento da psiquiatria portuguesa, bem como para a disseminação-popularização de temas médicos e científicos. Demonstra-se que os tratamentos aplicados na CST, sob a sua direcção clínica, se mantiveram actualizados, tanto em relação aos outros hospitais psiquiátricos portugueses como em relação às instituições estrangeiras. As viagens que Cebola realizou a hospitais psiquiátricos de diversos países europeus, muito contribuíram para a modernização do ambiente hospitalar e terapêutico da CST, bem como para o seu privilegiar da terapia ocupacional – a ergoterapia – enquanto método de tratamento. Conclui-se que o esquecimento do médico por parte dos seus colegas de profissão, bem como pelos estudos históricos da disciplina, se deverá principalmente a três factores: em primeiro lugar, Cebola não desenvolveu projectos de investigação, e, por conseguinte manteve-se afastado das publicações da especialidade, bem como dos debates científicos da época; em segundo lugar, não formou discípulos, não dando, desse modo, continuidade à sua visão da prática clínica; e por último, as suas publicações de crítica sociopolítica, censurando o regime do Estado Novo, a Igreja Católica, e a psicocirurgia, criaram plausivelmente uma relação de tensão com os Irmãos da OHSJD e com a nova geração de psiquiatras.

Sérgio Guimarães de Andrade, o conservador e a sua colecção. A imaginária como conceito

A institucionalização definitiva da Secção de Escultura do Museu Nacional de Arte Antiga deve-se ao conservador Sérgio Guimarães Andrade (1946-1999). Num encontro sintético entre os conceitos pessoais do ofício de museólogo e de objecto museológico, os do entendimento da arte da escultura e as grandes transformações da colecção provocadas pela incorporação da Colecção Ernesto Vilhena, geriu a Secção de Escultura e produziu a primeira exposição permanente de Escultura Portuguesa do MNAA, inaugurada em 1994, também legível como história da imaginária esculpida em Portugal entre o século XIV e o início do século XIX.

Automatic learning for the classification of chemical reactions and in statistical thermodynamics

This Thesis describes the application of automatic learning methods for a) the classification of organic and metabolic reactions, and b) the mapping of Potential Energy Surfaces(PES). The classification of reactions was approached with two distinct methodologies: a representation of chemical reactions based on NMR data, and a representation of chemical reactions from the reaction equation based on the physico-chemical and topological features of chemical bonds. NMR-based classification of photochemical and enzymatic reactions. Photochemical and metabolic reactions were classified by Kohonen Self-Organizing Maps (Kohonen SOMs) and Random Forests (RFs) taking as input the difference between the 1H NMR spectra of the products and the reactants. The development of such a representation can be applied in automatic analysis of changes in the 1H NMR spectrum of a mixture and their interpretation in terms of the chemical reactions taking place. Examples of possible applications are the monitoring of reaction processes, evaluation of the stability of chemicals, or even the interpretation of metabonomic data. A Kohonen SOM trained with a data set of metabolic reactions catalysed by transferases was able to correctly classify 75% of an independent test set in terms of the EC number subclass. Random Forests improved the correct predictions to 79%. With photochemical reactions classified into 7 groups, an independent test set was classified with 86-93% accuracy. The data set of photochemical reactions was also used to simulate mixtures with two reactions occurring simultaneously. Kohonen SOMs and Feed-Forward Neural Networks (FFNNs) were trained to classify the reactions occurring in a mixture based on the 1H NMR spectra of the products and reactants. Kohonen SOMs allowed the correct assignment of 53-63% of the mixtures (in a test set). Counter-Propagation Neural Networks (CPNNs) gave origin to similar results. The use of supervised learning techniques allowed an improvement in the results. They were improved to 77% of correct assignments when an ensemble of ten FFNNs were used and to 80% when Random Forests were used. This study was performed with NMR data simulated from the molecular structure by the SPINUS program. In the design of one test set, simulated data was combined with experimental data. The results support the proposal of linking databases of chemical reactions to experimental or simulated NMR data for automatic classification of reactions and mixtures of reactions. Genome-scale classification of enzymatic reactions from their reaction equation. The MOLMAP descriptor relies on a Kohonen SOM that defines types of bonds on the basis of their physico-chemical and topological properties. The MOLMAP descriptor of a molecule represents the types of bonds available in that molecule. The MOLMAP descriptor of a reaction is defined as the difference between the MOLMAPs of the products and the reactants, and numerically encodes the pattern of bonds that are broken, changed, and made during a chemical reaction. The automatic perception of chemical similarities between metabolic reactions is required for a variety of applications ranging from the computer validation of classification systems, genome-scale reconstruction (or comparison) of metabolic pathways, to the classification of enzymatic mechanisms. Catalytic functions of proteins are generally described by the EC numbers that are simultaneously employed as identifiers of reactions, enzymes, and enzyme genes, thus linking metabolic and genomic information. Different methods should be available to automatically compare metabolic reactions and for the automatic assignment of EC numbers to reactions still not officially classified. In this study, the genome-scale data set of enzymatic reactions available in the KEGG database was encoded by the MOLMAP descriptors, and was submitted to Kohonen SOMs to compare the resulting map with the official EC number classification, to explore the possibility of predicting EC numbers from the reaction equation, and to assess the internal consistency of the EC classification at the class level. A general agreement with the EC classification was observed, i.e. a relationship between the similarity of MOLMAPs and the similarity of EC numbers. At the same time, MOLMAPs were able to discriminate between EC sub-subclasses. EC numbers could be assigned at the class, subclass, and sub-subclass levels with accuracies up to 92%, 80%, and 70% for independent test sets. The correspondence between chemical similarity of metabolic reactions and their MOLMAP descriptors was applied to the identification of a number of reactions mapped into the same neuron but belonging to different EC classes, which demonstrated the ability of the MOLMAP/SOM approach to verify the internal consistency of classifications in databases of metabolic reactions. RFs were also used to assign the four levels of the EC hierarchy from the reaction equation. EC numbers were correctly assigned in 95%, 90%, 85% and 86% of the cases (for independent test sets) at the class, subclass, sub-subclass and full EC number level,respectively. Experiments for the classification of reactions from the main reactants and products were performed with RFs - EC numbers were assigned at the class, subclass and sub-subclass level with accuracies of 78%, 74% and 63%, respectively. In the course of the experiments with metabolic reactions we suggested that the MOLMAP / SOM concept could be extended to the representation of other levels of metabolic information such as metabolic pathways. Following the MOLMAP idea, the pattern of neurons activated by the reactions of a metabolic pathway is a representation of the reactions involved in that pathway - a descriptor of the metabolic pathway. This reasoning enabled the comparison of different pathways, the automatic classification of pathways, and a classification of organisms based on their biochemical machinery. The three levels of classification (from bonds to metabolic pathways) allowed to map and perceive chemical similarities between metabolic pathways even for pathways of different types of metabolism and pathways that do not share similarities in terms of EC numbers. Mapping of PES by neural networks (NNs). In a first series of experiments, ensembles of Feed-Forward NNs (EnsFFNNs) and Associative Neural Networks (ASNNs) were trained to reproduce PES represented by the Lennard-Jones (LJ) analytical potential function. The accuracy of the method was assessed by comparing the results of molecular dynamics simulations (thermal, structural, and dynamic properties) obtained from the NNs-PES and from the LJ function. The results indicated that for LJ-type potentials, NNs can be trained to generate accurate PES to be used in molecular simulations. EnsFFNNs and ASNNs gave better results than single FFNNs. A remarkable ability of the NNs models to interpolate between distant curves and accurately reproduce potentials to be used in molecular simulations is shown. The purpose of the first study was to systematically analyse the accuracy of different NNs. Our main motivation, however, is reflected in the next study: the mapping of multidimensional PES by NNs to simulate, by Molecular Dynamics or Monte Carlo, the adsorption and self-assembly of solvated organic molecules on noble-metal electrodes. Indeed, for such complex and heterogeneous systems the development of suitable analytical functions that fit quantum mechanical interaction energies is a non-trivial or even impossible task. The data consisted of energy values, from Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations, at different distances, for several molecular orientations and three electrode adsorption sites. The results indicate that NNs require a data set large enough to cover well the diversity of possible interaction sites, distances, and orientations. NNs trained with such data sets can perform equally well or even better than analytical functions. Therefore, they can be used in molecular simulations, particularly for the ethanol/Au (111) interface which is the case studied in the present Thesis. Once properly trained, the networks are able to produce, as output, any required number of energy points for accurate interpolations.

Synthesis, characterization and reactivity of new cobalt, palladium and nickel complexes bearing α-diimines and P, O ligands

This work describes the synthesis and characterization of a series of new α-diimine and P,O, β-keto and acetamide phosphines ligands, and their complexation to Ni(II), Co(II),Co(III) and Pd(II) to obtain a series of new compounds aiming to study their structural characteristics and to test their catalytic activity. All the compounds synthesized were characterized by the usual spectroscopic and spectrometric techniques: Elemental Analysis, MALDI-TOF-MS spectrometry, IR, UV-vis, 1H, 13C and 31P NMR spectroscopies. Some of the paramagnetic compounds were also characterized by EPR. For the majority of the compounds it was possible to solve their solid state structure by single crystal X-ray diffraction. Tests for olefin polymerization were performed in order to determine the catalytic activity of the Co(II) complexes. Chapter I presents a brief introduction to homogenous catalysis, highlighting the reactions catalyzed by the type of compounds described in this thesis, namely olefin polymerization and oligomerization and reactions catalyzed by the complexes bearing α-diimines and P,O type ligands. Chapter II is dedicated to the description of the synthesis of new α-diimines cobalt (II) complexes, of general formula [CoX2(α-diimine)], where X = Cl or I and the α-diimines are bis(aryl)acenaphthenequinonediimine) (Ar-BIAN) and 1,4-diaryl-2,3-dimethyl-1,4-diaza-1,3-butadiene (Ar-DAB). Structures solved by single crystal X-ray diffraction were obtained for all the described complexes. For some of the compounds, X-band EPR measurements were performed on polycrystalline samples, showing a high-spin Co(II) (S = 3/2) ion, in a distorted axial environment. EPR single crystal experiments on two of the compounds allowed us to determine the g tensor orientation in the molecular structure. In Chapter III we continue with the synthesis and characterization of more cobalt (II)complexes bearing α-diimines of general formula [CoX2(α-diimine)], with X = Cl or I and α-diimines are bis(aryl)acenaphthenequinonediimine) (Ar-BIAN) and 1,4-diaryl-2,3-dimethyl- 1,4-diaza-1,3-butadiene (Ar-DAB). The structures of three of the new compounds synthesized were determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction. A NMR paramagnetic characterization of all the compounds described is presented. Ethylene polymerization tests were done to determine the catalytic activity of several of the Co(II) complexes described in Chapter II and III and their results are shown. In Chapter IV a new rigid bidentate ligand, bis(1-naphthylimino)acenaphthene, and its complexes with Zn(II) and Pd(II), were synthesized. Both the ligand and its complexes show syn and anti isomers. Structures of the ligand and the anti isomer of the Pd(II) complex were solved by single crystal X-ray diffraction. All the compounds were characterized by elemental analysis, MALDI-TOF-MS spectrometry, and by IR, UV-vis, 1H, 13C, 1H-1H COSY, 1H-13C HSQC, 1H-13C HSQC-TOCSY and 1H-1H NOESY NMR when necessary. DFT studies showed that both conformers of [PdCl2(BIAN)] are isoenergetics and can be obtain experimentally. However, we can predict that the isomerization process is not available in square-planar complex, but is possible for the free ligand. The molecular geometry is very similar in both isomers, and only different orientations for naphthyl groups can be expected. Chapter V describes the synthesis of new P, O type ligands, β-keto phosphine, R2PCH2C(O)Ph, and acetamide phosphine R2PNHC(O)Me, as well as a series of new cobalt(III) complexes namely [(η5-C5H5)CoI2{Ph2PCH2C(O)Ph}], and [(η5- C5H5)CoI2{Ph2PNHC(O)Me}]. Treating these Co(III) compounds with an excess of Et3N, resulted in complexes η2-phosphinoenolate [(η5-C5H5)CoI{Ph2PCH…C(…O)Ph}] and η2- acetamide phosphine [(η5-C5H5)CoI{Ph2PN…C(…O)Me}]. Nickel (II) complexes were also obtained: cis-[Ni(Ph2PN…C(…O)Me)2] and cis-[Ni((i-Pr)2PN…C(…O)Me)2]. Their geometry and isomerism were discussed. Seven structures of the compounds described in this chapter were determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction. The general conclusions of this work can be found in Chapter VI.