Princípios orientadores da formação, ao nível do 1º ciclo: a cooperação Portugal/P.A.L.O.P.'s

Os Países Africanos de Língua Oficial Portuguesa (P.A.L.O.P.'s), tal como a grande maioria de todo o continente africano, apresentam graves deficiências quanto a alfabetização das suas populações, tomando-se, assim, o ensino primário uma prioridade absoluta. De entre todas as limitações que existem ao nível dos respectivos sistemas educativos, talvez, a mais grave seja a fraca preparação científica e pedagógica que a maioria dos professores apresenta, para além, evidentemente, do seu reduzido número. Assim, a formação de professores tornou-se numa das apostas mais fortes dos P.A.L.O.P.'s, no campo da educação. Portugal, na área da cooperação com estes países, participa num Projecto de Consolidação dos Sistemas Educativos, no âmbito do qual desenvolve um programa de Acções de Formação de Formadores.

A construção social das políticas educativas: estado, educação e mudança social no Portugal contemporâneo

Tese de doutoramento em Ciências da Educação, área de Educação e Desenvolvimento

Pine processionary moth (Thaumetopoea pityocampa) and great tit (Parus major) in Portugal

In the present work, we studied a common outbreaking Lepidoptera species in Portuguese pine stands – Thaumetopoea pityocampa (Den. & Schiff.) - and one of its potential predators – Parus major (L.). The population dynamics of the immature stages of the Lepidoptera was studied in several types of Pinus pinaster (Aiton) plantations in three different areas: Setúbal Peninsula, Abrantes and National Pine Forest of Leiria. Location and plantation structure was the most important factors determining population density of T. pityocampa. Setubal and Abrantes was highly susceptible to attacks by the Lepidoptera, whereas Leiria had lower densities. Young and homogeneous pine stands was more susceptible to attacks than older and more heterogeneous pines stands. However, a desynchronized population of T. pityocampa, in which the larvae develops during summer instead of during winter, reached high densities also in Leiria. The impact of several mortality factors and climatic conditions on the immature stages of the insect (eggs and larvae), in normal and desynchronized populations are discussed, as well as possible evolutionary implications of the sudden appearance of the new version of T. pityocampa. The break of the pupa diapause and adult emergence times the annual life cycle of this insect. Adults from the desynchronized population emerged earlier than adults from the normal population, which in turn determined the change in the larvae development period. Different factors, potentially affecting the timing of adult emergence in both normal and abnormal populations are also discussed. To study P. Major, nest-boxes were placed in the areas of Setúbal and Leiria and they were monitored during three seasons. The nest-boxes increased the density of breeding and wintering birds in the studied pine plantations, indicating that a lack of natural holes are in fact a limiting factor for this populations. The earliest breeding start for this species was recorded in my study area, indicating that Portuguese coastal pines provide good breeding conditions earlier than in other areas of Europe and North Africa. This leads to an overlap between the end of the larvae stage of T. pityocampa and the beginning of the breeding season of P. major. Key-words: Thaumetopoea pityocampa, Parus major, Pinus pinaster, population dynamics, Portugal.

Les Hipparion du Portugal

This paper is concerned with Hipparion from Ribatejo, Portugal, and with the stratigraphy of the Neogene series of this region. The first two chapters are an introduction and an historical review. Paleontological study includes both a revision of the specimens accounted by ROMAN (1907) and the description of new material. Two forms were recognized, an early H. cf. primigenium, lower Vallesian in age, NM 9 mammal unit (from Archino, Vila Nova da Rainha, Aveiras de Cima), and a more advanced H. primigenium cf. melendezi. Upper Vallesian, NM 10 (possibly lowermost Turolian, NM 11) (at Azambujeira and Marmeleira). A synthesis of Middle and Upper Miocene from Ribatejo is also presented. Levels with H. p. cf. melendezi are somewhat older than «Upper Pontian», as it was previously acknowledged, they attain at the best the lowermost Turolian (approximately corresponding to «Upper Pontian»). Even higher levels may be Turolian in age, though they are not yet accurately dated. Almost all the localities are shown (tableau 11) according to its stratigraphical position; age, correspondance to mammal units from NM 5 to NM 10 (and may be also from NM 11 to NM 12), and correlation with marine formations near Lisbon are also taken in account. The stratigraphical position of localities such as Póvoa de Santarém, Quinta do Marmelal, Pero Filho, Azambujeira (lower levels), and Fonte do Pinheiro was revised; the stratigraphical position of Marmeleira was ascertained. The localities so far known correspond to NM 5 (?), NM 6, NM 8, NM 9, NM 10 and possibly to NM II and NM 12. A new interpretation (M. T. ANTUNES) of localities with oysters from Ribatejo allows a better correlation with vertebrate localities. Relationships with Serravallian transgression seem well established. Only two localities, Vila Nova da Rainha and Foz do Alviela, may possibly be correlated to V-b division of Lisbon (Langhian) with «Hispanotherium fauna». All the other localities are younger than Serravallian oyster beds. Undirect correlation shows that NM 6 localities are somewhat younger than the apogee ef Serravallian transgression (corresponding approximately to Blow's N 11 to N 13 zones based on planctonic foraminifera).

Sobre a ocorrência de copiapite na orla meso-cenozóica occidental de Portugal

The occurrence of a copiapite in the Paleogenic (?) formations of Vale Furado (South of S. Pedro de Muel, Portugal) is described, X-ray, DTA and TGA data and a chemical analysis of this mineral are presented.

Premiers resultants d’une prospection paléontologique dans le Trias de l’Algarve (Portugal)

A three-week paleontological prospection in Triassic beds of the Algarve (southern province of Portugal) has revealed the presence of fossil vertebrates (stegocephalians for the most part, but also fishes and reptiles) in several localities and in at least 5 stratigraphical levels.

Arrábida e Sintra

A Cadeia da Arrábida é a estrutura morfotectónica orogénica, constituída por empilhamentos de cavalgamentos, mais ocidental de todo o orógeno alpino da área emersa da placa litosférica Eurásia. Atentando apenas nos relevos orogénicos alpinos da área emersa de Portugal, as suas estruturas e morfologia tornam-na no mais elegante exemplo de tectónica orogénica alpina em Portugal. A Serra de Sintra constitui um relevo associado à intrusão do Complexo Ígneo de Sintra de idade neo-cretácica e ao cavalgamento frontal de idade cenozóica, com vergência para Norte que se estende desde as proximidades do rio Tejo, passando pela base da vertente norte da Serra de Sintra, continuando mar adentro. Olhando para a continuação imersa da Margem Continental Portuguesa vê-se que estes relevos não estão isolados, mas antes fazem parte dum grupo de três outras estruturas compressivas que acomodaram o encurtamento orogénico resultante da colisão África-Eurásia ocidentais no segmento sudoeste ibérico, o Banco do Gorringe, os Montes de Avis e o Planalto de Marquês de Pombal. Todas estas estruturas se constituem como estruturas anticlinais, mais ou menos simples, a tecto dum cavalgamento com transporte para noroeste ou oeste-noroeste. Na face meridional de Portugal, mais próxima do limite de placas, as estruturas de deformação compressiva resultantes da orogenia alpina encontram-se representadas na Bacia do Algarve e, mais a sul, pelo Banco do Guadalquivir. Todas estas estruturas se formaram no âmbito da orogenia alpina, consequência dum contexto cinemático de aproximação das placas litosféricas Eurásia e África, cujas manifestações morfotectónicas e sedimentares se começaram a manifestar no Cretácico Superior após o Cenomaniano. A distribuição espacio-temporal da deformação orogénica no segmento mais ocidental do orógeno é heterogénea e extremamente complexa. Por exemplo, em Portugal – segmento autóctone do orógeno alpino - as principais estruturas compressivas alpinas mais antigas datam do Cretácico superior e na região de Lisboa-Sintra de idade paleogénica. Contudo as estruturas de maior envergadura morfológica são de idade miocénica (serra da Arrábida, Banco do Gorringe, Montes de Avis) e mesmo de reactivação mais recente (Falha e planalto do Marquês de Pombal, Falha da Ferradura e Banco de Guadalquivir. A mesma heterogeneidade espacio-temporal se verifica em segmentos alóctones como no orógeno Bético-Rifenho, cujo arco orogénico frontal se vem propagando para oeste desde o Cretácico superior, simultaneamente cavalgando para norte e para sul, as margens continentais do sul de Espanha e norte de África. Esta migração orogénica está simultaneamente associada a colapso orogénico e distensão nas áreas internas do orógeno (Mar de Alborán), o que tem constituído um dos paradoxos da deformação orogénica alpina mais desafiantes das últimas décadas e para cuja solução se têm proposto mecanismos de delaminação tectónica da base da litosfera ou retro-rolamento da placa subductada.

Ensaio de síntese crítica acerca do Cretácico terminal e do Paleogénico de Portugal

A synthetic essay about portuguese Late Cretaceous (Upper Campanian-Maastrichtian) and Paleogene is presented. This does include most of the so far known data, a critical approach to the problems of such formations, and to previous works on them. Our viewpoints (party original) are exposed in a shorter text in French where most of the discussion was suppressed (see reference in Resumo).

Les Hipparion du Portugal

This paper is concerned with Hipparion from Ribatejo, Portugal, and with the stratigraphy of the Neogene series of this region. The first two chapters are an introduction and an historical review. Paleontological study includes both a revision of the specimens accounted by ROMAN (1907) and the description of new material. Two forms were recognized, an early H. cf. primigenium, lower Vallesian in age, NM 9 mammal unit (from Archino, Vila Nova da Rainha, Aveiras de Cima), and a more advanced H. primigenium cf. melendezi. Upper Vallesian, NM 10 (possibly lowermost Turolian, NM 11) (at Azambujeira and Marmeleira). A synthesis of Middle and Upper Miocene from Ribatejo is also presented. Levels with H. p. cf. melendezi are somewhat older than «Upper Pontian», as it was previously acknowledged, they attain at the best the lowermost Turolian (approximately corresponding to «Upper Pontian»). Even higher levels may be Turolian in age, though they are not yet accurately dated. Almost all the localities are shown (tableau 11) according to its stratigraphical position; age, correspondance to mammal units from NM 5 to NM 10 (and may be also from NM 11 to NM 12), and correlation with marine formations near Lisbon are also taken in account. The stratigraphical position of localities such as Póvoa de Santarém, Quinta do Marmelal, Pero Filho, Azambujeira (lower levels), and Fonte do Pinheiro was revised; the stratigraphical position of Marmeleira was ascertained. The localities so far known correspond to NM 5 (?), NM 6, NM 8, NM 9, NM 10 and possibly to NM II and NM 12. A new interpretation (M. T. ANTUNES) of localities with oysters from Ribatejo allows a better correlation with vertebrate localities. Relationships with Serravallian transgression seem well established. Only two localities, Vila Nova da Rainha and Foz do Alviela, may possibly be correlated to V-b division of Lisbon (Langhian) with «Hispanotherium fauna». All the other localities are younger than Serravallian oyster beds. Undirect correlation shows that NM 6 localities are somewhat younger than the apogee ef Serravallian transgression (corresponding approximately to Blow's N 11 to N 13 zones based on planctonic foraminifera).

Sobre a ocorrência de copiapite na orla meso-cenozóica ocidental de Portugal

The occurrence of a copiapite in the Paleogenic (?) formations of Vale Furado (South of S. Pedro de Muel, Portugal) is described, X-ray, DTA and TGA data and a chemical analysis of this mineral are presented.

Madeira recuperável em Portugal

A madeira é um importante recurso renovável e com uma enorme variedade de aplicações que vão desde a embalagem, à construção, ao mobiliário, entre outras aplicações diversas. Os produtos em madeira, após o seu primeiro ciclo de vida, continuam a ter valor e poderão ter fins diversos, tais como a reutilização, a reciclagem ou a produção de energia. A escolha do destino a dar a esta madeira recuperável deverá basear-se na qualidade do material em causa, existindo formas de classificação segundo o grau de contaminação do material. Tendo em consideração que a produção de madeira recuperável ocorre nas mais diversas actividades humanas, desde as individuais, e de forma bastante dispersa, àquelas desenvolvidas pela indústria, torna-se extremamente difícil conhecer as quantidades totais disponíveis deste material, e assim, definir modelos de gestão eficazes para este material. O objectivo deste trabalho é tentar compilar a informação existente no que concerne à disponibilidade de madeira recuperável em Portugal, acabando por se particularizar no fluxo de embalagens de madeira, aplicando uma metodologia de cálculo para este material. Os resultados obtidos terão uma margem de erro associada à utilização de alguns pressupostos, de estudos anteriores, e no futuro deverá ser verificada a sua concordância com a realidade da gestão destes resíduos em Portugal.

Faunule ichthyologique du Lias inférieur de S. Pedro de Muel, Portugal

The material collected in the Lower Liassic beds of S. Pedro de Muel (Portugal) contains some remains of actinopterygian fishes. The most significant elements have been described, and two genera have been recognized. One of them, Furo, is a halecomorph of the Caturidae family, the other one, Proleptolepis, is a teleostean genus belonging to the family Leptolepidae s. str. It is the first record of these two genera in Portugal. This discovery gives new data on the geographical distribution of Furo and Proleptolepis. In the present state of our knowledge, this last genus seems to be restricted to the Sinemurian - Lotharingian.

Nouvelles espèces d’ostracodes de l’Albien et du Cénomanien d’Estremadura (Portugal)

Examination of samples from eight outcrops from Albian and Cenomanian of Estremadura, induced to take a census of sixty-two species and subspecies of Ostracodes among which fifteen are new and described here. Their associations pennited - first, to characterize three faunistic sets: a lower and middle Albian set with a mediolittoral and infralittoral (shallow marine} sedimentation; an upper Albian s.l. (near formations of Rudists}; a lagoonal lower Cenomanian; - on the other hand, to state local comparisons with the middle Cretaceous of Southern France, of the South-pyrenean Zone (Sierra d' Aulet: district of Sopeira), of the district of Oviedo (Northwestern Spain), and of the Aragonese Iberian Range (Aragon and Maestrazgo), placing in a prominent position faunistic exchanges of Ostracodes between the above-mentioned regions and the Estremadura, during the lower Cenomanian.

Nouvelles données sur la datation des dépôts miocènes de l’Algarve (Portugal), et l’évolution géologique regionale

This paper presents a resume of the results achieved by researchers of the Centro de Estratigrafia e Paleobiologia da U. N. L. on the Neogene of Algarve, since 1977. The detailed study of several profiles as well as that af calcareous nannoplanton, planktonic foraminifera, ostracoda, fishes and mammals allowed to obtain data and correlation elements leading to a new interpretation of the Miocene of Algarve. It was possible to date and to characterize the following units: a) Carbonate formation of Lagos-Portimão, of marine facies, ascribed to the Lower Miocene (Aquitanian? and mainly Burdigalian), possibly attaining the Lower Langhian. b) Essentially arenaceous series of continental facies with a marine intercalation of Arrifão, Olhos de Água and Auramar Hotel beach, middle Miocene (Langhian-Serravallian) in age. c) Marine (tripoli, conglomerates, sands and limestones) deposits of Tunes-Mem Moniz, Ponte das Lavadeiras (Faro), Arroteia (Fuzeta) and Luz de Tavira, corresponding, at least partially, to the first part of the upper Miocene (Lower Tortonian). d) Cacela formation with three members: The lower member (conglomerates and sands), the middle (yellow silts) and the upper ones (gray silts), uppermost Tortonian and mainly Messinian in age. An interpretation of the tectonic and paleogeographic evolution of the portuguese littoral during the Miocene is also presented considering its insertion in the meridional part of the Peninsula (Guadalquivir depression, Betic massif basins and in the spanish Levant in general). Comparisons among the Neogene vulcanism of this region and similar manifestations documented in Algarve (basanite of Figueira-Portimão, etc) are established.

A new wader, Recurvirostridae (Charadriiformes), from the early Eocene of Portugal

A new wader (Aves, Charadriiformes, Recurvirostridae) from the Early Eocene site of Silveirinha, in Lower Mondego region, Central Portugal, is described. Comparisons have been made with other forms, both extant and fossil; its affmities are discussed. Silveirinha wader is ascribed to Fluviatilavis antunesi, n. gen. n. sp.