O poder da imagem: uma imagem da adequação da imagem de Lula aos media em campanhas presidenciais

Dissertação apresentada para cumprimento dos requisitos necessários à obtenção do grau de Mestre em Ciências da Comunicação - Comunicação Estratégica

Launch plan for a new magazine for Pangea Lda. Company

A Work Project, presented as part of the requirements for the Award of a Masters Degree in Management from the NOVA – School of Business and Economics

Drugs in ads and news: educating people in the nineteenth century press

This research aims at finding out how scientific knowledge reached the common people in nineteenth century Portugal, using newspapers as the main source of information. Collecting news on science and technology is part of a larger research project focused on producing a History of the Popularization of Science and Technology in Portugal, following a model already developed in the UK and the USA (Bauer 2007). This source was probably the most widespread vehicle to divulge the latest scientific news at the time to an unspecialised audience. The following themes are approached: Drug advertisements in the nineteenth century. How did scientific knowledge on diseases and treatments reach the consumer? How did newspapers deal with epidemics? What were the prevention measures and the known treatments at the time? And what was the role of newspapers as educators? Ads show us the interest on divulging new products and the role of publicity as moulder of minds. All these questions introduce us to the role of the media on the subject of social perception of science and technology and the way scientific knowledge reached the common citizen.

International News Reporting in the Multidimensional Network: The socio-demographics, professional culture and newswork of foreign correspondents working across Sub-Saharan Africa

Tese apresentada para cumprimento dos requisitos necessários à obtenção do grau de Doutor em Media Digitais

As capas de newsmagazines como dispositivo de comunicação (Newsweek, Veja, L'Express e Visão - Janeiro a Março de 1999)

Mestrado em Ciências da comunicação Vertente em Estudo dos Media e do Jornalismo

As fontes não governamentais nos media. As ONG'S enquanto fonte de informação

Este estudo debruça-­‐se sobre a presença das Organizações Não-­‐ Governamentais nos media, partindo de uma análise a quatro meios de comunicação social nacionais. As ONG são das entidades em que os cidadãos mais confiam, como aliás indicam alguns barómetros de confiança (Edelman, 2012). Apesar disto as ONG raramente são capa de jornal, destaque de telejornal ou protagonistas de reportagens, e os seus profissionais, na maior parte das vezes, não são identificados como especialistas. O contacto com estas entidades define-­‐ se por alguma falta de frequência, e pouca presença nos media. Os jornalistas trabalham num contexto cada vez mais limitador, menos criativo. E as ONG não estão a conseguir aproveitar este espaço que muitos jornalistas deixam em branco, de investigação, de exploração, e mesmo de novidade. Este estudo pretende apurar a relação entre os media e as fontes de informação não-­‐governamentais, e como estão representadas nos media. Já que o papel de fonte de informação preferencial fica regularmente guardado para outras instituições e entidades. Para conseguir responder a algumas questões que nos pareciam essenciais, no sentido de tentar contribuir para um espaço público e participativo mais plural, procurámos esclarecer as dinâmicas atuais das ONG enquanto fontes de informação. Considerámos, por isso, determinante descrever o processo de produção das notícias, e o modo como este constrói a agenda e reflete a realidade. Desenvolvemos o conceito histórico e social do conceito de Organização Não-­‐ Governamental Desenvolvemos uma análise minuciosa e detalhada das notícias publicadas durante três anos, entre 2009 e 2011, no jornal “Público”, agência Lusa, RTP e TSF, para identificar as características mais relevantes das notícias cuja fonte de informação é uma ONG. Paralelamente à análise dos meios de comunicação, apurámos ainda a pesquisa através da realização de entrevistas com profissionais da área não-­‐governamental e jornalistas que nos apoiaram na construção de um trabalho empírico mais conclusivo e completo. Concluímos que mediante ONG mais ágeis e fortes, do ponto de vista da comunicação, parece haver uma resposta por parte dos media. Assim cremos que as ONG são reflectidas pelos media como instituições credíveis, e é esta mesma credibilidade que facilita o seu acesso aos media. Mas, os jornalistas, por seu lado, demonstram estar muito mais atentos ao trabalho das ONG se estas, além de credíveis, forem ágeis nas respostas correspondendo assim às necessidades impostas pela atualidade informativa, produzirem conteúdos com relevância jornalística, e dotados de valores-­‐notícia.

Cultural journalism in a digital environment : new models, practices and possibilities

Both culture coverage and digital journalism are contemporary phenomena that have undergone several transformations within a short period of time. Whenever the media enters a period of uncertainty such as the present one, there is an attempt to innovate in order to seek sustainability, skip the crisis or find a new public. This indicates that there are new trends to be understood and explored, i.e., how are media innovating in a digital environment? Not only does the professional debate about the future of journalism justify the need to explore the issue, but so do the academic approaches to cultural journalism. However, none of the studies so far have considered innovation as a motto or driver and tried to explain how the media are covering culture, achieving sustainability and engaging with the readers in a digital environment. This research examines how European media which specialize in culture or have an important cultural section are innovating in a digital environment. Specifically, we see how these innovation strategies are being taken in relation to the approach to culture and dominant cultural areas, editorial models, the use of digital tools for telling stories, overall brand positioning and extensions, engagement with the public and business models. We conducted a mixed methods study combining case studies of four media projects, which integrates qualitative web features and content analysis, with quantitative web content analysis. Two major general-interest journalistic brands which started as physical newspapers – The Guardian (London, UK) and Público (Lisbon, Portugal) – a magazine specialized in international affairs, culture and design – Monocle (London, UK) – and a native digital media project that was launched by a cultural organization – Notodo, by La Fábrica – were the four case studies chosen. Findings suggest, on one hand, that we are witnessing a paradigm shift in culture coverage in a digital environment, challenging traditional boundaries related to cultural themes and scope, angles, genres, content format and delivery, engagement and business models. Innovation in the four case studies lies especially along the product dimensions (format and content), brand positioning and process (business model and ways to engage with users). On the other hand, there are still perennial values that are crucial to innovation and sustainability, such as commitment to journalism, consistency (to the reader, to brand extensions and to the advertiser), intelligent differentiation and the capability of knowing what innovation means and how it can be applied, since this thesis also confirms that one formula doesn´t suit all. Changing minds, exceeding cultural inertia and optimizing the memory of the websites, looking at them as living, organic bodies, which continuously interact with the readers in many different ways, and not as a closed collection of articles, are still the main challenges for some media.

Vyndaqel (Tafamidis)

The main objective of this pedagogical case study is to analyse the market entry dynamics of pharmaceutical innovative drugs in Portugal, and the role and impact of the different stakeholders in this process. The case focuses on the market entry of Vyndaqel (Tafamidis) Pfizer’s orphan innovative product to treat TTR-FAP, “paramiloidose”, a highly incapacitating rare disease that has more than 2.000 diagnosed patients in Portugal, one of the highest prevalence worldwide and an incidence of 100 new patients every year. In terms of methodology it were used two main sources of information. Regarding secondary data sources it was made an exhaustive search using the main specialty search engines regarding the Tafamidis case, market access, orphan drugs and market entry context in Portugal and Europe. In terms of primary data it were conducted 7 direct interviews with the main case stakeholders. The pedagogical case study focuses on 5 main questions that provide the base of the discussion for the classes. First it is analysed the rationale behind the introduction of Tafamidis in Portugal, and its relevance for Pfizer, namely due to the previous investment made with the acquisition of FoldRX by $400M, the company that developed the product in the first place. It is also analysed the point of view of the NHS, and the reasoning behind drug reimbursement that considered not only the technical (efficacy and safety) and financial benefits of the drug, but also the social impact, due to the major role played by patient associations’ actions and coverage provided by the media that impacted the reimbursement decision. Finally it is analysed the vertical financing methodology that was selected by the Ministry of Health for drug acquisition by 2 public hospitals, that served as reference centres for the treatment of this disease

Consuming the news and building civic participation

This article argues that there is a connection between civic cultures and literacy levels and that this relation is enhanced by knowledge, a willingness to be informed and civic participation. It is considered that those who are educated towards the news possess a greater awareness of information and news on civic life (Moeller, 2009) and on participation (Milner, 2009:187). To understand the social implications of the modern mediatized society and the repercussions for civic participation better, we used a sample of twelve youngsters with different types and intensities of participation and news consumption in Portugal. By understanding their journalistic and participative characters, we can better perceive their social contexts. In considering this, we have established two main questions: What is the youngsters’ level of news consumption and what is its relationship to their participation activities? How do both of these aspects relate to social relationships and the youngsters’ ability to interact and deal with news media? Keywords: Young people, news, participation, literacy