Expectativas de responsabilidade filial e orienta����o da responsabilidade no cuidado aos idosos

RESUMO: Muitos desenvolvimentos demogr��ficos e estruturais ocorreram nas rela����es intergeracionais, os quais provocaram um impacto nas liga����es familiares, tais como o aumento da longevidade e as altera����es da din��mica estrutural e social da fam��lia, tendo sido colocado em causa a vitalidade das obriga����es familiares e solidariedade familiar, nomeadamente entre pais e filhos adultos. Assim, com este estudo pretendeu-se verificar a presen��a de solidariedade entre pais e os seus filhos adultos, assim como as expectativas de responsabilidade filial dos pais e as suas opini��es e prefer��ncias no que se refere �� orienta����o da responsabilidade para fam��lia/ servi��os p��blicos no cuidado aos idosos. De forma a alcan��ar os objectivos, foi aplicado um question��rio a 97 alunos, da Universidade S��nior da P��voa de Santa Iria, com 55 ou mais anos e que tivessem pelo menos um filho adulto. Foi poss��vel chegar �� conclus��o de que existe solidariedade entre pais e filhos adultos, assim como os pais consideram que existe uma responsabilidade mista (fam��lia/Estado) no cuidado aos idosos e que preferem os apoios formais em detrimento dos informais (familiares) ��� contrariando a orienta����o famil��stica. Contudo, apesar disso continuam a apresentar expectativas elevadas em rela����o �� responsabilidade que os filhos devem ter para com os pais, nomeadamente a n��vel da dimens��o de apoio emocional, sendo a dimens��o de apoio instrumental a excep����o. Desta forma, �� poss��vel concluir que h�� uma tend��ncia por parte da popula����o inquirida em preferir a complementaridade de apoios formais e informais, com consequente especializa����o de tarefas: instrumental e emocional, respectivamente-----------ABSTRACT: Intergenerational relations have been affected by demographical and structural changes that had impact on family relationships. The increase in life expectancy and the changes in the families��� structural and social dynamics have put at risk the vitality of family obligations and solidarity, namely between parents and adult children. Therefore, this research aimed at studying the existence of solidarity between parents and adult children as well as the parents��� expectations towards their children���s responsibilities and their views and preferences on family and welfare state responsibility as far as elderly people are concerned. In order to achieve this, a questionnaire was devised and subsequently applied to 97 participants attending the Universidade S��nior in P��voa de Santa Iria, aged 55 or older, with at least one adult child. The results indicate that there is solidarity between parents and adult children and that parents consider that both the family and the state should share the responsibility towards elderly people. Moreover, the study proves that formal support is preferred to the detriment of an informal one (family), which contradicts the familistic approach. However, parents evince high expectations as far as children responsibility towards them is concerned, specially in terms of emotional support. This does not apply, however, to the instrumental support domain. In conclusion, the study indicates that the participants tend to prefer the complementariness of formal and informal support with subsequent task specialisation: instrumental and emotional, respectively.

Welfare analysis of regulating mobile termination rates in the UK with an application to the Orange/T-Mobile merger

We present a calibrated model of the UK mobile telephony market with four mobile networks; calls to and from the fixed network; network-based price discrimination; and call externalities. Our results show that reducing mobile termination rates broadly in line with the recent European Commission Recommendation to either pure long-run incremental cost ; reciprocal termination charges with fixed networks; or Bill & Keep (i.e. zero termination rates), increases social welfare, consumer surplus and networks profits. Depending on the strength of call externalities, social welfare may increase by as much as �� 990 million to �� 4.5 billion per year, with Bill & Keep leading to the highest increase in welfare. We also apply the model to estimate the welfare effects of the 2010 merger between Orange and T-Mobile under different scenarios concerning MTRs, and predict that consumer surplus decreases strongly.

The politics of growth: Can lobbying raise growth and welfare?

This paper aims at analyzing the effects of lobbying over economic growth and primarily welfare. We model explicitly the interaction between policy-makers and firms in a setup where the latter undertakes political contributions to the former in exchange for more restrictive market regulations which induce exit and enhance the profitability of the market. In a sectorial equilibrium, despite stimulating growth, lobbying restricts the market structure and reduces welfare when compared to the free-entry outcome. However, once general equilibrium considerations are taken into account, we find that lobbying may improve welfare over a welfare maximizing free-entry equilibrium, by means of an expansion in aggregate demand. This introduces a new paradigm in the literature about the effects of lobbying over economic performance.

Child programming: an adequate domain specific language for programming specific robots

Disserta����o para obten����o do Grau de Mestre em Engenharia Inform��tica

Rebalancing frequency and the welfare cost of inflation

Cash-in-advance models usually require agents to reallocate money and bonds in fixed periods, every month or quarter, for example. I show that fixed periods underestimate the welfare cost of inflation. I use a model in which agents choose how often they exchange bonds for money. In the benchmark specification, the welfare cost of ten percent instead of zero inflation increases from 0.1 percent of income with fixed periods to one percent with optimal periods. The results are robust to different preferences, to different compositions of income in bonds or money, and to the introduction of capital and labor.

Policing and planning child and adolescent neuropsychiatry : the reform process in Bologna 2009-2014

Desde a aprova����o do plano de sa��de mental regional em It��lia ... o Departamento Local de Sa��de Mental e Perturba����es aditivas em Bolonha, tem desenvolvido um projeto de reforma cujo objectivo �� inovar o sistema de sa��de mental local. ...ABSTRACT: Since the Regional mental health plan 2009-2011 was approved in Italy the Department of Mental Health and addictions of the Bologna local health trust developed as a laboratory aimed at innovating the mental health systen locally. ...

Rebalancing frequency and the welfare cost of inflation

Cash-in-advance models usually require agents to reallocate money and bonds in fixed periods. Every month or quarter, for example. I show that fixed periods underestimate the welfare cost of inflation. I use a model in which agents choose how often they exchange bonds for money. In the benchmark specification, the welfare cost of 10 percent instead of 0 inflation increases from 0.1 percent of income with fixed periods to 1 percent with optimal periods. The results are robust to different references, to different compositions of income in bonds or money, and to the introduction of capital and labor.

Evaluation of the welfare impact of regulating mobile termination rates in Portugal

Following the European Commission���s 2009 Recommendation on the Regulatory Treatment of Fixed and Mobile Termination Rates in the EU, the Portuguese regulatory authority (ANACOM) decided to reduce termination prices in mobile networks to their long-run incremental cost (LRIC). Nevertheless, no serious quantitative assessment of the potential effects of this decision was carried out. In this paper, we adapt and calibrate the Harbord and Hoernig (2014) model of the UK mobile telephony market to the Portuguese reality, and simulate the likely impact on consumer surplus, profits and welfare of four different regulatory approaches: pure LRIC, reciprocal termination charges with fixed networks, ���bill & keep���, and asymmetric termination rates. Our results show that reducing MTRs does increase social welfare, profits and consumer surplus in the fixed market, but mobile subscribers are seriously harmed by this decision.

Evaluation of outpatient child-adolescent mental health services (CAMHS) in Attica-Greece

ABSTRACT: Background: Childhood is a critical time for social and emotional development, educational progress and mental health prevention. Mental health for children and adolescents is defined by the achievement of expected developmental, cognitive, social and emotional skills. The development of child-adolescent mental health services (CAMHS) is a necessity for each country, not only as a prevention measure for the wellbeing of people, but also as an investment to the future of countries. Qualitative evaluation of services is the only way to ensure whether services function under quality standards and increase the possibility of better outcomes for their patients. This study examines the greek outpatient CAMHS against the British Standards of National Institute of Excellence for community CAMHS. The Standards assessed refer to the areas of Assessment, Care and Intervention. Objectives: The main objectives of the study are 1) to evaluate Greek outpatient CAMHS in the Attica region 2) to promote the evaluation process for mental health services in Greece. Methods: Due to the fact that Greek services are based on the British model, the tool used was the British self-review questionnaire of Quality Network for Community CAMHS(QNCC).The tool was translated, adapted and posted to services. Twelve out of twenty outpatient CAMHS of Attica (including Athens) responded. Data was collected and performed by the Statistical Package for Social Sciences SPSS. Results: The study resulted that the CAMHS examined, meet moderately the British Standards of 1) Referral and Access, 2) Assessment & Care planning, 3) Care & Intervention. Two out of twelve services examined, meet the standards of "Assessment and Care" in a higher percentage between 75% and 100%. Conclusions: The paper describes a satisfactory function of CAMHS in Attica prefecture taking into consideration the extremely difficult political situation of Greece at the time of the research. Strong and weak domains are identified. Also the translation and adaptation of British tools promote the evaluation process and quality assurance of Greek CAMHS.

Canada, a child's play

Science4you, a Portuguese developer, producer and seller of scientific and educational toys, leveraged the worldwide growth of this category to successfully expand its operations abroad. Following a recent entry into the United States market, the purpose of this report is to help the company define the next step in its international expansion. A customized scoring model, based on a set of relevant macro and micro-criteria was developed for Anglo-Saxon and Asian countries, yielding Canada as the market with the highest potential. The recommended entry mode is direct exporting via an independent distributor, being complemented with a financial and risk analysis.