A quem aproveita o seguro de responsabilidade civil de administradores celebrado para os efeitos do art. 396.º CSC?

Neste artigo procuro delimitar o universo de potenciais lesados, titulares de um direito de acção directa contra o segurador num seguro de responsabilidade civil celebrado pe los administradores de sociedades anónimas em cumprimento do dever de prestar caução consagrado no art. 396.º CSC. Defendo a identidade entre esse universo e o dos benefi ciários de qualquer outro meio de satisfação deste dever de prestar caução. Delimito esse universo por referência às categorias de sujeitos tutelados no CSC. Por fi m, faço uso dos resultados da análise para sustentar que integra esse universo o próprio Estado, na sua qualidade de credor de indemnizações fundadas em responsabilidade tributária, mas já não os credores de indemnizações que baseiem as suas pretensões no novo regime de responsabilidade ambiental

Estudo de acidificação de um composto de resíduos verdes alcalino

Dissertação para obtenção do Grau de Mestre em Engenharia do Ambiente – Perfil de Engenharia Sanitária

O contrato de sociedade como documento

Neste artigo, analiso a figura do documento que reproduz uma versão consolidada do contrato de sociedade, consagrada no atual n.º 2 do art. 59.º CRCom. Procuro determinar a razão de ser e o alcance da regra que impõe a apresentação deste documento a registo. Concluo que o preceito impõe à sociedade um dever de informar, que se aplica sempre que algum dos elementos constantes da versão arquivada se mostre desatualizado, independentemente de essa desatualização resultar ou não de uma deliberação de alteração do contrato de sociedade.

A responsabilidade da sociedade diretora com os credores da sociedade subordinada

The scope of the present study encompasses the liability of the directing company for the obligations of the subordinated company. Whereas the concept of directing company is comprised in the broader context of groups of companies and, consequently, in the comprehensive framework of the relationships established among such entities, this study starts by defining the notion of groups of companies, distinguishing it from related figures. It, then, moves on to analyse the legal regime applicable to groups of companies in some legal systems deemed significant, notably the American, European and German systems. Finally, this paper scrutinizes the provisions of article 501 of the Portuguese Companies Code (“Códigodas Sociedades Comerciais”), in particular its systematics and peculiarities, so as to ascertain which is the liability scheme 2 applicable to the directing or dominant company for the obligations of the subordinates or dominated company. Pursuant to no. 1 of article 501of the CSC, the directing company’s liability for such obligations exists provided these commitments are born before, during and until such time the subordination contract is terminated. The liability of the directing or dominant company for the debts of the subordinated or dominated company ceases as of the moment when the relationship between those two entities no longer exists, with immediate effect.

Spray coating of oxide and chalcogenide semiconductor layers for TFT application

This work documents the deposition and optimization of semiconductor thin films using chemical spray coating technique (CSC) for application on thin-film transistors (TFTs), with a low-cost, simple method. CSC setup was implemented and explored for industrial application, within Holst Centre, an R&D center in the Netherlands. As zinc oxide had already been studied within the organization, it was used as a standard material in the initial experiments, obtaining typical mobility values of 0.14 cm2/(V.s) for unpatterned TFTs. Then, oxide X layer characteristics were compared for films deposited with CSC at 40°C and spin-coating. The mobility of the spin-coated TFTs was 103 cm2/(V.s) higher, presumably due to the lack of uniformity of spray-coated film at such low temperatures. Lastly, tin sulfide, a relatively unexplored material, was deposited by CSC in order to obtain functional TFTs and explore the device’s potential for working as a phototransistor. Despite the low mobilities of the devices, a sensitive photodetector was made, showing drain current variation of nearly one order of magnitude under yellow light. CSC technique’s simplicity and versatility was confirmed, as three different semiconductors were successfully implemented into functional devices.