Avaliação epidemiológica dos internamentos através de um serviço de urgência de segunda linha (SII)

RESUMO: Introdução: A Comissão Nacional para a reestruturação dos Serviços de Saúde Mental em 2004, fez uma proposta de âmbito regional, ao nível da região de Saúde do Norte, levando a uma alteração da rede de referenciação hospitalar dos internamentos em psiquiatria. Métodos: Realizou-se um estudo epidemiológico longitudinal para avaliar factores preditivos de internamento através de um serviço de Urgência de Segunda Linha (SII), que de algum modo reflectisse o funcionamento dos serviços de internamento na região de Saúde do Norte, ao longo de 12 anos, nomeadamente relacionando com factores organizacionais contemplados no Plano Nacional de Saúde Mental e na reorganização da rede de referenciação hospitalar. Resultados: Durante os 12 anos do estudo, verificou-se um aumento estatisticamente significativo do número e duração de internamentos através do SII, com ponto de partida no ano 2008-2009, e de novo a partir do ano 2010-2011 (nº de internamentos), para o qual contribuiu a alteração da rede hospitalar na região de saúde do Norte, nomeadamente pelo facto do HMLemos, assumir a responsabilidade de novo, dos internamentos das áreas de Famalicão, Gondomar e Santa Maria da Feira. Em relação ao número de internamentos, e na análise exploratória, encontramos nas áreas hospitalares fora da área de influência do HMLemos, uma contribuição positiva significativa para o aumento do nº de internamentos ao longo dos anos com os Dx (290, 296, 297, 291, 309). Em relação à área do HMLemos restrita (PVC, STT, Matosinhos, Porto Ocidental), de referir a contribuição positiva significativa dos Dx 309 e 301, para o aumento do número de internamentos ao longo do tempo, sendo que a prevalência maior se mantém relacionada às Psicoses (Dx 295, 296 e 297). Não se concluiu por uma contribuição estatisticamente significativa ( positiva ou negativa), das variáveis independentes idade, sexo ou natureza do internamento em relação à variável dependente ( duração de internamentos/ano). Em relação á variável dependente (nº de internamentos/ano), relativamente aos doentes fora de área de influência do HMLemos, concluiu-se uma contribuição positiva estatisticamente significativa da variável independente idade. Conclusões: Através da análise exploratória foi possível perceber o esforço realizado pelos hospitais no sentido de melhorar a equidade e acessibilidade dos doentes à Saúde Mental, a par da reorganização da rede hospitalar. De destacar a necessidade de encontrar alternativas às situações de internamento, com menos critérios de gravidade diagnóstica, nomeadamente reforçar a importância da criação de consultas de crises nos respectivos Hospitais de Dia dos DPSM.----------------ABSTRACT:Introduction : The National Commission for the restructuring of mental health services in 2004 , has proposed at a regional level ( North Health Region), a change in the network of hospital referrals of admissions in psychiatry. Methods: We conducted a longitudinal epidemiological study to assess predictors of hospitalization through a Second Line Emergency Service ( SII) , that somehow reflect the operation of inpatient services in North Health Region, over 12 years, particularly relating to organizational factors included in the National Mental Health Plan and reorganization of the hospital referral network. Results: During the period of the study, there was a statistically significant increase in the number and duration of hospitalizations through the SII, with starting point in the year 2008-2009 and again from 2010-2011 (number of admissions) , for which counted the change of the hospital network referral in Northern health region , in particular because Hospital Magalhães Lemos (HMLemos) , took the new responsibility of admissions from areas of Famalicão, Gondomar and Santa Maria da Feira . Regarding the number of hospitalizations, in the exploratory analysis , we found in hospital areas outside the area of influence of HMLemos , a significant positive contribution to the increase in number of admissions over the years with Diagnosis of 290, 296, 297, 291 , 309 in the ICD-9. With respect to the restricted area of HMLemos (PVC, STT , Porto Ocidental and Matosinhos) , we found a significant positive contribution of Diagnosis 309 and 301, to increase the number of hospitalizations over time, with higher prevalence rates remaining the psychoses ( Dx 295, 296 and 297 ) . Did not conclude for any statistically significant contribution (positive or negative) of the independent variables age, sex and nature of admission to the dependent variable (duration of hospitalization / year). In relation to the dependent variable (number of admissions / year) relative to patients outside the area of influence of HMLemos, it was found a statistically significant positive contribution of the independent variable age . Conclusions: Through the exploratory analysis, it was possible to see the efforts made by hospitals to improve the accessibility of patients to Mental Health, throughout the hospital network reorganization. Its important to highlight the need to find alternatives to inpatient admissions in those with less gravity diagnostic criteria, reinforcing the importance of creating specific crisis consultations in Day Hospital regime.

O âmbito de aplicação material da legislação de proteção de dados pessoais e o tratamento de imagem por pessoa singular

Images have gained a never before seen importance. Technological changes have given the Information Society extraordinary means to capture, treat and transmit images, wheter your own or those of others, with or without a commercial purpose, with no boundaries of time or country, without “any kind of eraser”. From the several different ways natural persons may engage in image processing with no commercial purpose, the cases of sharing pictures through social networks and video surveillance assume particular relevance. Consequently there are growing legitimate concerns with the protection of one's image, since its processing may sometimes generate situations of privacy invasion or put at risk other fundamental rights. With this in mind, the present thesis arises from the question: what are the existent legal instruments in Portuguese Law that enable citizens to protect themselves from the abusive usage of their own pictures, whether because that image have been captured by a smartphone or some video surveillance camera, whether because it was massively shared through a blog or some social network? There is no question the one's right to not having his or her image used in an abusive way is protected by the Portuguese constitution, through the article 26th CRP, as well as personally right, under the article 79th of the Civil Code, and finally through criminal law, articles 192nd and 193rd of the Criminal Code. The question arises in the personal data protection context, considering that one's picture, given certain conditions, is personal data. Both the Directive 95/46/CE dated from 1995 as well as the LPD from 1998 are applicable to the processing of personal data, but both exclude situations of natural persons doing so in the pursuit of activities strictly personal or family-related. These laws demand complex procedures to natural persons, such as the preemptive formal authorisation request to the Data Protection National Commission. Failing to do so a natural person may result in the application of fines as high as €2.500,00 or even criminal charges. Consequently, the present thesis aims to study if the image processing with no commercial purposes by a natural person in the context of social networks or through video surveillance belongs to the domain of the existent personal data protection law. To that effect, it was made general considerations regarding the concept of video surveillance, what is its regimen, in a way that it may be distinguishable from Steve Mann's definition of sousveillance, and what are the associated obligations in order to better understand the concept's essence. The application of the existent laws on personal data protection to images processing by natural persons has been analysed taking into account the Directive 95/46/CE, the LPD and the General Regulation. From this analysis it is concluded that the regimen from 1995 to 1998 is out of touch with reality creating an absence of legal shielding in the personal data protection law, a flaw that doesn't exist because compensated by the right to image as a right to personality, that anyway reveals the inability of the Portuguese legislator to face the new technological challenges. It is urgent to legislate. A contrary interpretation will evidence the unconstitutionality of several rules on the LPD due to the obligations natural persons are bound to that violate the right to the freedom of speech and information, which would be inadequate and disproportionate. Considering the recently approved General Regulation and in the case it becomes the final version, the use for natural person of video surveillance of private spaces, Google Glass (in public and private places) and other similar gadgets used to recreational purposes, as well as social networks are subject to its regulation only if the images are shared without limits or existing commercial purposes. Video surveillance of public spaces in all situations is subject to General Regulation provisions.