Ajudantes de acção directa : percepções sobre formação profissional e impacto da formação na prestação de cuidados a idosos dependentes internados

RESUMO: A transferência de indivíduos dependentes é uma das tarefas mais realizadas pelos ajudantes de acção directa (AAD) na prestação de cuidados a idosos, sendo crucial haver formação nesta área. No entanto, os programas de formação em transferências raramente são avaliados em termos de desempenho na realização deste tipo de tarefas. Objectivo: Este estudo teve como objectivos analisar o impacto da formação de AAD no desempenho da transferência de idosos internados na Residência São João de Ávila (RSJA) e identificar as percepções dos AAD relativamente à importância da formação profissional, formação em transferências e dificuldade sentida na sua realização. Métodos: Realizou-se um estudo com duas etapas: na primeira procedeu-se a um estudo descritivo exploratório (através de um questionário auto-administrado a 25 AAD); na segunda realizou-se um estudo quase experimental de observação com duas fases, entre as quais decorreu uma “Formação em Princípios e Conceitos Básicos em Reabilitação Física” (observação directa de 18 AAD durante a realização da transferência “deitado-sentado-cadeira” de idosos, através de uma grelha de observação). Resultados: O desempenho dos AAD na transferência melhorou após a formação. Os ajudantes manifestaram ter uma percepção positiva sobre a importância da formação profissional e da formação em transferências. Aproximadamente dois terços dos AAD revelaram não sentir dificuldades na realização de transferências. Conclusões: A formação teve um impacto positivo no desempenho dos AAD na transferência de idosos. Concluiu-se que há uma sensibilização generalizada por parte dos AAD para a importância da formação na sua profissão e, especificamente, para a formação em transferências. ---------------ABSTRACT: The transfers of dependent patients by healthcare assistants are tasks commonly used in elderly care. Therefore, it is crucial that healthcare assistants are trained to perform these tasks. However, training programs are rarely evaluated in terms of performance of these tasks. Aim: The aims of this study were 1) to determine the impact of healthcare assistant training in the transfers of the Residência São João de Ávila (RSJA) elderly patients; and 2) to analyze healthcare assistant’s perceptions about their education, their specialized training on the transfer technique, and their difficulty in performing transfers. Methods: The study was divided in two parts: an exploratory and descriptive study (self-report questionnaire applied to 25 healthcare assistants); and a quasi-experimental observation study, which involved a “training session on basic concepts and principles of physical rehabilitation” (direct observation of 18 healthcare assistants during the “bed-sitting-chair” transfer, using an observation table). Results: Healthcare assistant performance of the “bed-sitting-chair” transfer improved after training. The healthcare assistants showed positive perceptions about their education and specialized training on the transfer technique. Approximately two thirds of the assistants felt no difficulties in performing transfer tasks. Conclusions: The training had a positive influence in healthcare assistant performance. The healthcare assistants were aware of the importance of training in their profession and more specifically in transfer tasks.

Vitamin A Deficiency and Training to Farmers: Evidence from a Field Experiment in Mozambique

Vitamin A deficiency is a widespread public health problem in Sub-Saharan Africa. This paper analyzes the impact of a food-based intervention to fight vitamin A deficiency using orange-fleshed sweet potato (OFSP). We conducted a randomized evaluation of OFSP-related training to female farmers in Mozambique, in which the treatment group was taught basic concepts of nutrition, and OFSP-planting and cooking skills. We found encouraging evidence of changes in behavior and attitudes towards OFSP consumption and planting, and considerable increases in nutrition-related knowledge, as well as knowledge on cooking and planting OFSP.

Vitamin A deficiency and training to farmers: Evidence from a field experiment in Mozambique

A Work Project, presented as part of the requirements for the Award of a Masters Degree in Economics from the NOVA – School of Business and Economics

O contrato de Project Finance

Currently, Angola portrays a notorious economic growth and due to recent innovative legislations, it has become the major investment attracting pole, especially in Sub-Saharan Africa, having, thus, an extraordinary potentiality for a rapid and sustainable development, likely to place her in outstanding positions in the world economic ranking. Yet, such economic growth entails demanding levels of intensive investment in infrastructure, what has been reported of the Angolan Government to be unable to respond to, save if recurring to very high index of external debt, poisoning, in this way, the future budgeting of the country. Due to these infrastructure investment shortages, the cost of production remains highly onerous and the cost of life extremely unaffordable. On this account, the current study disserts about the contract of Project Finance; an alternative finance resource given as a viable solution for the private financing of infrastructure, aiming to demonstrate that such contractual figure, likewise the experience of several emerging economies and others, is a contract bid framework to take into account in today’s world. It refers to a financing technique – through which the Government may satisfy a common need (for example, the construction of a public domain or public servicing), without having to pay neither offer any collateral – based on a complex legal-financial engineering, arranged throughout a coalition of typical and atypical agreements, whereby it is mandatory to look back at the basic concepts of corporate law. More than just a simple financial study, the dissertation at stake analyses the nature and legal framework of Project Finance, which is a legally atypical and innominate contract, concluding that there is a relevant need for regulating and devoting a special legal regime in the Angolan jurisdiction for this promising legal form in the contemporary corporate finance world.

Adaption of the Creative Commons approach and the roaming concept to spatial data infrastructures (SDI)

Dissertation submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in Geospatial Technologies

Integrating protein structural information

Dissertação apresentada para obtenção de Grau de Doutor em Bioquímica,Bioquímica Estrutural, pela Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia

Geography of the Information Society

All every day activities take place in space. And it is upon this that all information and knowledge revolve. The latter are the key elements in the organisation of territories. Their creation, use and distribution should therefore occur in a balanced way throughout the whole territory in order to allow all individuals to participate in an egalitarian society, in which the flow of knowledge can take precedence over the flow of interests. The information society depends, to a large extent, on the technological capacity to disseminate information and, consequently, the knowledge throughout territory, thereby creating conditions which allow a more balanced development, from the both the social and economic points of view thus avoiding the existence of info-exclusion territories. Internet should therefore be considered more than a mere technology, given that its importance goes well beyond the frontiers of culture and society. It is already a part of daily life and of the new forms of thinking and transmitting information, thus making it a basic necessity essential, for a full socio-economic development. Its role as a platform of creation and distribution of content is regarded as an indispensable element for education in today’s society, since it makes information a much more easily acquired benefit.”…in the same way that the new technologies of generation and distribution of energy allowed factories and large companies to establish themselves as the organisational bases of industrial society, so the internet today constitutes the technological base of the organisational form that characterises the Information Era: the network” (CASTELLS, 2004:15). The changes taking place today in regional and urban structures are increasingly more evident due to a combination of factors such as faster means of transport, more efficient telecommunications and other cheaper and more advanced technologies of information and knowledge. Although their impact on society is obvious, society itself also has a strong influence on the evolution of these technologies. And although physical distance has lost much of the responsibility it had towards explaining particular phenomena of the economy and of society, other aspects such as telecommunications, new forms of mobility, the networks of innovation, the internet, cyberspace, etc., have become more important, and are the subject of study and profound analysis. The science of geographical information, allows, in a much more rigorous way, the analysis of problems thus integrating in a much more balanced way, the concepts of place, of space and of time. Among the traditional disciplines that have already found their place in this process of research and analysis, we can give special attention to a geography of new spaces, which, while not being a geography of ‘innovation’, nor of the ‘Internet’, nor even ‘virtual’, which can be defined as one of the ‘Information Society’, encompassing not only the technological aspects but also including a socio-economic approach. According to the last European statistical data, Portugal shows a deficit in terms of information and knowledge dissemination among its European partners. Some of the causes are very well identified - low levels of scholarship, weak investments on innovation and R&D (both private and public sector) - but others seem to be hidden behind socio-economical and technological factors. So, the justification of Portugal as the case study appeared naturally, on a difficult quest to find the major causes to territorial asymmetries. The substantial amount of data needed for this work was very difficult to obtain and for the islands of Madeira and Azores was insufficient, so only Continental Portugal was considered for this study. In an effort to understand the various aspects of the Geography of the Information Society and bearing in mind the increasing generalised use of information technologies together with the range of technologies available for the dissemination of information, it is important to: (i) Reflect on the geography of the new socio-technological spaces. (ii) Evaluate the potential for the dissemination of information and knowledge through the selection of variables that allow us to determine the dynamic of a given territory or region; (iii) Define a Geography of the Information Society in Continental Portugal.

A formação de professores para o ensino da Matemática no ensino básico a alunos com deficiência visual

Resumo: Este estudo surge no âmbito do Mestrado em Reabilitação na Especialidade de Deficiência Visual ministrado em conjunto pelas Faculdades de Ciências Médicas e Motricidade Humana. Na dissertação intitulada Formação de Professores para o Ensino da Matemática no Ensino Básico a Alunos com DV foi desenvolvida uma investigação, incidindo sobre a temática atrás referida. Na primeira parte apresenta-se uma revisão de literatura, onde se exploram vários conceitos relevantes como a deficiência visual, o currículo de matemática no Ensino Básico, as adaptações curriculares dos alunos com DV, as tecnologias de apoio e a Formação dos Professores, entre outros. Na segunda parte apresentam-se as fundamentações teóricas que subjazem à escolha da metodologia de investigação e instrumentação bem como a descrição dos procedimentos de investigação. Participaram neste estudo 52 professores de Matemática dos três ciclos do ensino básico, que tinham alunos cegos ou com baixa visão nas suas turmas. Os dados foram recolhidos através de um questionário aplicados aos professores. Na terceira parte apresentam-se alguns resultados desta pesquisa. Relativamente à Formação de Professores, sendo N= 52, no que diz respeito à Deficiência Visual, a maioria dos professores (58%) diz não ter conhecimento da mesma e 40% dos professores diz ter algum conhecimento sobre a deficiência visual. Destes professores, grande parte referiu não considerar suficiente a informação recebida, pelo que concluímos ser pertinente a proposta de cursos versando a formação de professores em Deficiência Visual. Conclui-se também que os professores sentem dificuldades com os materiais e equipamentos disponíveis embora refiram que tivessem tido alguma informação sobre os mesmos.----------------------------------------- ABSTRACT: This study is the subject of the Master Course on the Specialty of Visual impaired given by both the Faculties of Ciências Médicas and Motricidade Humana. In the dissertation, the title of Which is Vocational Training of Teachers for the Mathematies teaching in the Basic Compulsory education to students with Visual impaired inside of the thematic behind referred. In the first part it is presented a literature revision, where some concepts are explored like the visual impaired, the curriculum of mathematics in the Basic Compulsory Education, the curriculum adaptations to the pupils with visual impaired, the technologies of support and the vocational training of the teachers, among others. In the second part we can recognize the theoretical recitals that support the choice of the research methodology and the whole instrumens meedes as well as the description of the research procedures. 52 professors of Mathematics from the three cycles of basic compulsory education participated in this study, they had blind pupils or with low vision in their classes. The data had been collected through a questionnaire applied to the teachers. In the third part, we come to some results of this research. In what concerns the vocational training of the teachers being N= 52, the majority of them (58%) says not to have knowledge of it and 40% of them says that they have some knowledge on the visual impaired. Among, a great part mentioned not having received sufficient information, as we conclude to be pertinent the proposal of courses makina the vocational training of teachers in visual impaired a reality. One also concludes that the teachers have difficulties with the materials and available equipment even though they mention to have had some information about them.

A framework to operate transformations between distinct models differing in modelling concepts

Dissertação apresentada na Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade Nova de Lisboa para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Engenharia Electrotécnica e de Computadores

La notion d’Espace dans la création musicale : idées, concepts et attributions Une réflexion à propos d’espaces intentionnellement perçus ou composés de l’entité sonore

Notre étude présente une réflexion à propos de espaces musicaux composables. Cette réflexion inclue l’usage intentionnel des qualités sonores perçues dans la construction de sons et donc dans la composition musicale. Nos recherches se trouvent à l’intersection entre le son, comme phénomène physique qui se propage dans un espace, les sensations spatiales qui peuvent être engendrées par la perception auditive de ses certaines caractéristiques, et la pratique de la composition musicale d’espaces de sons dans les œuvres. Nous développons l’idée d’une entité sonore composable dès sa microstructure. Nous la concevons par analogie avec les objets du monde visible et palpable. Nous utilisons les idées de volume, forme et matière ainsi que celles de position et de mouvement des objets matériels, comme métaphore pour concevoir des entités sonores complexes et des espaces musicaux composés dans lesquels elles seront intégrées. Cette entité sonore constituée d’un ensemble d’éléments disparates, permet le développement de réseaux opératoires manipulables dans, la pratique, par les compositeurs.

Integrated care approaches and skills mix policies in Europe

ABSTRACT - Background: Integration of health care services is emerging as a central challenge of health care delivery, particularly for patients with elderly and complex chronic conditions. In 2003, the World Health Organization (WHO) already began to identify it as one of the key pathways to improve primary care. In 2005, the European Commission declared integrated care as vital for the sustainability of social protection systems in Europe. Nowadays, it is recognized as a core component of health and social care reforms across European countries. Implementing integrated care requires coordination between settings, organizations, providers and professionals. In order to address the challenge of integration in such complex scenario, an effective workforce is required capable of working across interdependent settings. The World Health Report 2006 noted that governments should prepare their workforce and explore what tasks the different levels of health workers are trained to do and are capable of performing (skills mix). Comparatively to other European countries, Portugal is at an early stage in what integrated care is concerned facing a growing elderly population and the subsequent increase in the pressure on institutions and professionals to provide social and medical care in the most cost-effective way. In 2006 the Portuguese government created the Portuguese Network for Integrated Care Development (PNICD) to solve the existing long-term gap in social support and healthcare. On what concerns health workforce, the Portuguese government already recognized the importance of redefine careers keeping professional motivation and satisfaction. Aim of the study: This study aims to contribute new evidence to the debate surrounding integrated care and skills mix policies in Europe. It also seeks to provide the first evidence that incorporates both the current dynamics of implementing integrated care in Portugal and the developments of international literature. The first ambition of our study is to contribute to the growing interest in integrated care and to the ongoing research in this area by identifying its different approaches and retrieve a number of experiences in some European countries. Our second goal of this research is to produce an update on the knowledge developed on skills mix to the international healthcare management community and to policy makers involved in reforming healthcare systems and organizations. To better inform Portuguese health policies makers in a third stage we explore the current dynamics of implementing integrated care in Portugal and contextualize them with the developments reported in the international literature. Methodology: This is essentially an exploratory and descriptive study using qualitative methodology. In order to identify integrated care approaches in Europe, a systematic literature review was undertaken which resulted in a paper published in the Journal of Management and Marketing in Health care titled: Approaches to developing integrated care in Europe: a systematic literature review. This article was recommended and included into a list of references identified by The King's Fund Library. A second systematic literature review was undertaken which resulted in a paper published in the International Journal of Healthcare Management titled: Skills mix in healthcare: An international update for the management debate. Semi-structured interviews were performed on experts representing the regional coordination teams of the Portuguese Network for Integrated Care Development. In a last stage a questionnaire survey was developed based on the findings of both systematic literature reviews and semi-structured interviews. Conclusions: Even though integrated care is a worldwide trend in health care reforms, there is no unique definition. Definitions can be grouped according to their sectorial focus: community-based care, combined health and social care, combined acute and primary care, the integration of providers, and in a more comprehensive approach the whole health system. Indeed, models that seek to apply the principles of integrated care have a similar background and are continually evolving and depend on the different initiatives taken at national level. . Despite the fact that we cannot argue that there is one single set typology of models for integrated care, it is possible to identify and categorize some of the basic approaches that have been taken in attempts to implement integrated care according to: changes in organizational structure, workforce reconfiguring, and changes in the financing system. The systematic literature review on skills mix showed that despite the widely acknowledged interest on skills mix initiatives there is a lack of evidence on skills mix implications, constraints, outcomes, and quality impact that would allow policy makers to take sustained and evidence-based decisions. Within the Portuguese health system, the integrated care approach is rather organizational and financial, whereas little attention is given to workforce integration. On what concerns workforce planning Portugal it is still in the stage of analyzing the acceptability of health workforce skills mix. In line with the international approaches, integration of health and social services and bridging primary and acute care are the main goals of the national government strategy. The findings from our interviews clarify perceptions which show no discrepancy with the related literature but are rather scarce comparing to international experience. Informants hold a realistic but narrow view of integrated care related issues. They seem to be limited to the regional context, requiring a more comprehensive perspective. The questionnaire developed in this thesis is an instrument which, when applied, will allow policy makers to understand the basic set of concepts and managerial motivations behind national and regional integrated care programs. The instrument developed can foster evidence on the three essential components of integrated care policies: organizational, financial, and human resources development, and can give additional input on the context in which integrated care is being developed, the type of providers and organizations involved, barriers and constraints, and the workforce skills mix planning related strategies. The thesis was successful in recognizing differences between countries and interventions and the instrument developed will allow a better comprehension of the international options available and how to address the vital components of integrated care programs.

Automatic extraction of concepts from texts and applications

The extraction of relevant terms from texts is an extensively researched task in Text- Mining. Relevant terms have been applied in areas such as Information Retrieval or document clustering and classification. However, relevance has a rather fuzzy nature since the classification of some terms as relevant or not relevant is not consensual. For instance, while words such as "president" and "republic" are generally considered relevant by human evaluators, and words like "the" and "or" are not, terms such as "read" and "finish" gather no consensus about their semantic and informativeness. Concepts, on the other hand, have a less fuzzy nature. Therefore, instead of deciding on the relevance of a term during the extraction phase, as most extractors do, I propose to first extract, from texts, what I have called generic concepts (all concepts) and postpone the decision about relevance for downstream applications, accordingly to their needs. For instance, a keyword extractor may assume that the most relevant keywords are the most frequent concepts on the documents. Moreover, most statistical extractors are incapable of extracting single-word and multi-word expressions using the same methodology. These factors led to the development of the ConceptExtractor, a statistical and language-independent methodology which is explained in Part I of this thesis. In Part II, I will show that the automatic extraction of concepts has great applicability. For instance, for the extraction of keywords from documents, using the Tf-Idf metric only on concepts yields better results than using Tf-Idf without concepts, specially for multi-words. In addition, since concepts can be semantically related to other concepts, this allows us to build implicit document descriptors. These applications led to published work. Finally, I will present some work that, although not published yet, is briefly discussed in this document.

Are basic schools more effective than secondary schools?

The present essay focuses on the effectiveness of Portuguese public schools’ provision of 7th, 8th and 9th grades, using data from the Portuguese Ministry of Education and Science for 2009/10, 2010/11 and 2011/12. At least two school types offer these grades: Basic and Secondary. Based on previous findings, a production function is estimated for 9th grade students in the regular academic track, including a variable that indicates the specific school type attended by each student. After concluding that Basic Schools add more value, some explanations are presented as well as recommendations and possible further research.