Organização e estruturação do conhecimento para a tradução jurídica: Português e Espanhol

Tese apresentada para cumprimento dos requisitos necessários à obtenção do grau de Mestre em Ciências da Linguagem (área de especialização Lexicologia e Lexicografia)

Contribuição para uma proposta de qualificação das áreas urbanas de génese ilegal

Dissertação apresentada na Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade Nova de Lisboa para a obtenção do grau de Mestre em Engenharia Civil – Perfil Construção

Qualificação de equipamentos em indústria farmacêutica

Assegurar a qualidade de um produto farmacêutico implica garantir a conformidade de todas as etapas, ao longo de todo o seu ciclo de vida, desde a aquisição das matérias-primas até à libertação do produto acabado, assegurando a validação dos equipamentos, instalações e processos. Quando uma indústria farmacêutica assegura a conformidade de todos os passos envolventes (e que possam influenciar o processo de fabrico) é capaz de demonstrar, perante entidades responsáveis e clientes, que os seus produtos apresentam a qualidade pré-estabelecida na autorização de introdução no mercado (AIM) e que, consequentemente, irão ter o desempenho pretendido. Esta dissertação insere-se na garantia da qualidade dos Laboratórios Atral, do grupo AtralCipan, mais propriamente na qualificação de equipamentos no setor Formas Sólidas Orais Cefalosporínicas (FSO3) por forma a assegurar a qualidade dos produtos acabados produzidos. O objetivo deste trabalho é a qualificação dos principais equipamentos existentes no setor FSO3 por forma a assegurar a qualidade dos medicamentos lá fabricados. Para a qualificação do desempenho dos equipamentos (à exceção do tamisador, compactador e detetor de metais) foram utilizados dados históricos presentes nos registos de lotes dos principais produtos do setor por forma a efetuar uma avaliação retrospetiva. Para isso efetuou-se uma análise de risco FMEA (análise do modo de falha e consequência), aos equipamentos existentes no setor, com o objetivo de estabelecer os parâmetros dos equipamentos que pudessem influenciar negativamente a qualidade do produto final. À exceção da qualificação do desempenho da máquina de blisterar 308 PBL3, uma vez que faltavam alguns dados de lotes que ainda não tinham sido analisados pelo setor de Controlo da Qualidade, os principais equipamentos do FSO3 encontram-se atualmente qualificados. A conclusão da qualificação dos equipamentos presentes no setor FSO3, bem como da análise de risco efetuada irá contribuir para um melhoramento da qualidade e da credibilidade do setor perante clientes e entidades responsáveis.

A protecção jurídica do consumidor em Angola

The scope of the present work is to study the legal protection conferred upon the consumer in Angola, especially as regards electronic communication agreements. Its purpose is to promote consumers’ rights and contribute to its defence given the relatively privileged position of professionals in their relationship with consumers. With this in mind, we have made a description of the Consumer Law in Angola based on the Angolan Constitution (as the law that establishes the fundamental rights and guarantees of citizens) and on the Consumer’s Defence Law, which, as the basic law regarding consumers’ rights, provides the framework for this dissertation. We have analysed several aspects relating to consumer relationships, starting from its concept and rights of consumers and covering the legal and contractual mechanisms put in place for their protection. We have also analysed the Advertising Law with a view to better understand consumer’s rights before advertising campaigns carried out by professionals whilst promoting their goods and services and, additionally, to understand the duties and principles that shall be complied with in such campaigns with the purpose to protect the rights and interests of consumers. From a criminal point of view, we have briefly covered the crimes against consumers provided for in the Penal Code and the Law of Infractions against the Economy. In the second part of this work, we have summarised the institutions that protect the rights and interests of consumers, which include the Public Prosecutor Office, the National Institute for the Defence of the Consumers and the Consumers’ Associations. The third and last part of this work covers electronic communications agreements. Given the fact that there is no specific legislation in this matter, our analysis was based on the Civil Code – specifically the part relating to contracts – the Law on General Contractual Terms and Conditions and the Consumer’s Defence Law. We have analysed the formation of contracts, compliance and consumers’ rights resulting from contract breach. We further have appealed to the Angolan legislator to legislate certain aspects of consumer relationships, especially those where breach of consumers’ rights are blatant and facilitated by the lack of specific laws addressing such cases.

Kixikila - um contrato de financiamento informal

The purpose of the present work is to analyse and provide kixikila legal framework under Angolan law. Kixikila, despite being a legally atypical agreement, is a socially typical contract, governed essentially by the practices and customs in Angola and concluded throughout the country. With the above purpose in mind, this thesis is structured in five chapters: the first one aims at better understanding its features and, therefore, it describes the kixikila in accordance with oral research, direct observation and the contributions of scholars that have examined this matter. The second chapter aims at qualifying the kixikila as a legal transaction. For this purpose, we have analysed its requirements, formation stages, content and form, characteristics, rights and obligations of the parties, effects and compliance. We have also covered the reasons that explain why this type of agreement shall be legally protected in line with the protection conferred upon other legal agreements, taking into account its economic and social function. The third chapter covers the vicissitudes which may occur during the term of the kixikila agreement, as well as the enforcement mechanisms in face of breach and its termination. The fourth chapter aims at qualifying this agreement by comparing its most relevant characteristics with those of typical agreements, with a view to determining its legal nature based upon the similarity with other contractual types. This chapter further makes a comparative synthesis between the contracts in analysis. The fifth chapter analyses the legal nature and legal framework applicable to kixikila taking into account mixed-purpose contracts and sui generis contracts. We conclude that practices and customs in Angola take precedence as regards kixikila. Lastly, we attach additional information, such as excerpts of interviews with some individuals intervening in kixikila, the functional structure of kixikila and examples of kixikila, as well as demonstrative lists of countries where this type of agreement takes place and the obligations arising therefrom.