Um olhar sobre o ensino da matemática guiado por António Augusto Lopes

Dissertação para obtenção do Grau de Doutor em Ciências da Educação

Individuação e Reconhecimento: Processos de Socialização Política na Incerteza dos Itinerários Escolares

Tese apresentada para cumprimento dos requisitos necessários à obtenção do grau de Doutor em Sociologia

Da valoração de gravações e fotografias obtidas por particulares no processo penal

Recordings and photographs obtained by private individuals can be two of the most relevant evidences in helping finding the truth; however, they can also conflict with fundamental rights such as privacy, spoken word or image of the targets. It is not enough that only the violation of the right to privacy is withdrawn because rights to spoken word or image, unattached from the first one, show up independently as the main violated rights and are criminally protected in article 199º of the criminal code. Its use as evidence is, on a first moment, dependent on the private's conduct lawfulness, as it is stated in article 167º of the criminal procedure code. In order to consider its lawfulness, and accept its use as evidence, portuguese higher courts have been defending constructions mostly based on legal causes of defense. Although agreeing with a more flexible position of weighing all the interests at stake instead of denying its use as evidence, we believe notwithstanding that some of these solutions are misleading and shall not be spared from critics. Lastly, even if we reach a positive conclusion about the lawfulness of obtaining and using recordings and photogtaphs carried out to court by private individuals, they must not be however automatically admitted as evidence, still being necessary to proceed to a separate weighting, within the criminal procedure and its own legal rules, about their real purposes in the case.

A lei aplicável ao processo de arbitragem internacional

This paper is the author’s Master’s Thesis. It aims to study the content of lexarbitri, i.e. the relevant law regarding international arbitration. Under both Portuguese law and UNCITRAL model law, the seat’s legal provisions shall be applied at all times. Contrarily, French and Swiss legislations allow parties and arbitrators to apply any arbitration law to international arbitration, whether the seat law or a foreign arbitration law. There is not a sole understanding towards the criteria to determine the legal provisions that shall govern international arbitration. Traditionally, the lexarbitri would correspond to the arbitration law of the seat of the arbitration. The territorialist criteria remains in force under the majority of arbitration laws that the author has consulted. However, it has been criticized by several authorities in international arbitration, who suggest that the arbitration shall be governed by the law of the seat or of the place in which the award is to be enforcement, whichever better grants its enforcement – the cumulative doctrine; or the arbitration shall be governed by a set of provisions that make up the autonomous transnational legal, regardless of the legal provisions of the law of the seat – the transnational doctrine. The author intends to debate the three mentioned understandings regarding the lexarbitriand further explains why the territorialist criteria is the most adequate to the characteristics and demands of international arbitration, to the governing instruments in force and to the need for a useful award.

O direito de arrependimento nos contratos celebrados à distância e fora do estabelecimento

This dissertation aims to analyze the right of withdrawal and its implications on distance and off-premises contracts, due to the importance of these contracts in our society. Our main goal is, first of all, to explain the meaning and characteristics of both distance and off-premises contracts and the reason why a right of withdrawal is granted. Secondly, we intend to explain all of the relevant aspects related to this right, such as its legal concept and main characteristics, the origin and evolution of the right of withdrawal on both European and Portuguese legislation, its implications in the contracting parties and, finally, a brief analysis of the applicable law. In a nutshell, the right of withdrawal allows the consumer to withdraw from a distance or off-premises contract, unilaterally, without having to indicate any motive to justify the decision, after a cooling-off period of 14 calendar days. In these two types of contracts such right exists due to the reasons or circumstances that lead to the conclusion of the contract.

A inclusão de alunos com necessidades educativas especiais

O Relatório descreve a Prática de Ensino Supervisionada do Mestrado em Ensino da História e da Geografia no 3º Ciclo do Ensino Básico e Ensino Secundário. Este Relatório está organizado em quatro partes. Na primeira parte, é feita uma breve contextualização da temática, assim como a sua justificação em termos sociais e educativos. Segue-se a fundamentação teórica baseada na pesquisa bibliográfica sobre o tema em estudo. Na segunda parte, são descritas algumas experiências de ensino-aprendizagem desenvolvidas durante a Prática de Ensino Supervisionada (PES) bem como uma reflexão sobre as opções metodológicas. A terceira parte, contempla a apresentação e análise dos dados recolhidos. Por último, apresentam-se as conclusões inferidas a partir da análise dos dados, evidenciando o alcance e as consequências dos resultados. As principais conclusões deste trabalho, obtidas através da aplicação e análise dos dados recolhidos de um questionário, evidenciam que as atitudes dos professores não são significativamente diferentes e não são influenciadas pela variável departamento curricular. Apesar de não poder extrapolar resultados para a comunidade escolar, devido ao tamanho reduzido da amostra em relação à realidade do sistema educativo, este trabalho poderá contribuir para suscitar a discussão da temática pelos professores que aceitaram responder ao questionário proposto e para uma consciencialização, cada vez mais profunda, da necessidade de mudar atitudes e práticas, de modo a tornar as escolas do ensino regular um lugar realmente inclusivo.

O regime penal das imunidades dos titulares dos órgãos políticos de soberania

Portugal is one of the countries that has a constitutional regime of immunity. This protects certain individuals in political positions from prosecution under the law. These individuals are said to have a privileged status when compared to ordinary citizens. The purpose of this study is to examine the immunities enjoyed by President, the members of Parliament and the government ministers. The regime of immunities can be found to generate a certain sense of injustice and feelings of mistrust since the individual can not, albeit temporarily, be held criminally responsible for criminal conduct. It is urgent, therefore, to find a consistent justification with the principles and values of the Criminal Law. The Parliament is the place of the exercise of democratic power and, therefore, a member of Parliament assumes a central position in parliamentary activity. For this reason, it will be necessary to determine analysis to determine the meaning the prerogative of criminal irresponsibility. One question that must be asked is to know how the dogmatic plan that the immunities of the political organs of sovereignty must be seen.