Recensão: Jorge Custódio, “Renascença artística” e práticas de conservação e restauro arquitectónico em Portugal, durante a 1.ª República

Recensão de: Jorge Custódio, "'Renascença artística' e práticas de conservação e restauro arquitectónico em Portugal, durante a 1.ª República". Tese de Doutoramento em Arquitectura. Universidade de Évora, 2009. [Texto policopiado]

O âmbito de aplicação material da legislação de proteção de dados pessoais e o tratamento de imagem por pessoa singular

Images have gained a never before seen importance. Technological changes have given the Information Society extraordinary means to capture, treat and transmit images, wheter your own or those of others, with or without a commercial purpose, with no boundaries of time or country, without “any kind of eraser”. From the several different ways natural persons may engage in image processing with no commercial purpose, the cases of sharing pictures through social networks and video surveillance assume particular relevance. Consequently there are growing legitimate concerns with the protection of one's image, since its processing may sometimes generate situations of privacy invasion or put at risk other fundamental rights. With this in mind, the present thesis arises from the question: what are the existent legal instruments in Portuguese Law that enable citizens to protect themselves from the abusive usage of their own pictures, whether because that image have been captured by a smartphone or some video surveillance camera, whether because it was massively shared through a blog or some social network? There is no question the one's right to not having his or her image used in an abusive way is protected by the Portuguese constitution, through the article 26th CRP, as well as personally right, under the article 79th of the Civil Code, and finally through criminal law, articles 192nd and 193rd of the Criminal Code. The question arises in the personal data protection context, considering that one's picture, given certain conditions, is personal data. Both the Directive 95/46/CE dated from 1995 as well as the LPD from 1998 are applicable to the processing of personal data, but both exclude situations of natural persons doing so in the pursuit of activities strictly personal or family-related. These laws demand complex procedures to natural persons, such as the preemptive formal authorisation request to the Data Protection National Commission. Failing to do so a natural person may result in the application of fines as high as €2.500,00 or even criminal charges. Consequently, the present thesis aims to study if the image processing with no commercial purposes by a natural person in the context of social networks or through video surveillance belongs to the domain of the existent personal data protection law. To that effect, it was made general considerations regarding the concept of video surveillance, what is its regimen, in a way that it may be distinguishable from Steve Mann's definition of sousveillance, and what are the associated obligations in order to better understand the concept's essence. The application of the existent laws on personal data protection to images processing by natural persons has been analysed taking into account the Directive 95/46/CE, the LPD and the General Regulation. From this analysis it is concluded that the regimen from 1995 to 1998 is out of touch with reality creating an absence of legal shielding in the personal data protection law, a flaw that doesn't exist because compensated by the right to image as a right to personality, that anyway reveals the inability of the Portuguese legislator to face the new technological challenges. It is urgent to legislate. A contrary interpretation will evidence the unconstitutionality of several rules on the LPD due to the obligations natural persons are bound to that violate the right to the freedom of speech and information, which would be inadequate and disproportionate. Considering the recently approved General Regulation and in the case it becomes the final version, the use for natural person of video surveillance of private spaces, Google Glass (in public and private places) and other similar gadgets used to recreational purposes, as well as social networks are subject to its regulation only if the images are shared without limits or existing commercial purposes. Video surveillance of public spaces in all situations is subject to General Regulation provisions.

"A reserva ecológica nacional e a sua importância para o ordenamento do território"

This work primarily aims to investigate the ambiguity between the right to build and the need to preserve nature through one of its instruments: the National Ecological Reserve. In both national and international political effort, forced by increasing ecological awareness of the society were being created regulations for environmental problemsolving frameworks. This significant increase in provisions, that regulated the environment and spatial territory, are directly related to the objectives of the European community. In a year when the soil policy has changed, it is important to review the priorities of regional planning in the face of environmental policies. REN is a restriction of public utility that, among other things, aims to define and integrate diverse areas of our territory which by their structure are essential to the ecological stability of the environment. Going through a historical study of the various regimes that regulated REN, the present work aims to inform the understanding of the concept REN, exposing its objectives and form of delimitation of integrated areas, in order to answer questions about the nature of this institute. It were related to all regulations governing the ecological reserves and land, namely Scheme for Conservation of Nature and Biodiversity; Natura 2000, the National Agricultural Reserve, the Law of the ownership of water resources and water, and the RJIGT RJUE, checking to its compatibility with REN. Through a literature review regarding the jurisprudence of national courts applying the doctrine, analysis of legal regimes, analysis of maps depicting the REN, we carried out a qualitative assessment of the trend and legal effect of REN in protecting populations and environment. Therefore we will work with this reflect on the existing environment awareness in our society and its problems in the management of natural resources.

Avaliação de risco aplicada à coleção têxtil em reserva do Museu Diocesano de Santarém e diagnóstico e intervenção de conservação e restauro em duas peças têxteis da coleção

Este trabalho encontra-se dividido em duas partes. Na primeira parte (Parte I), é feita uma análise de risco, em que os riscos para a coleção têxtil, localizada dentro do arcaz da Sacristia da Sé de Santarém, são comparados com os riscos apresentados pela nova Reserva do Museu Diocesano de Santarém (MDS). Esta avaliação de risco teve por base a metodologia proposta por Robert Waller (2003). Assim, foi possível identificar que os principais riscos para a coleção no arcaz são: danos por incorreto manuseamento, danos consequentes da existência de poluentes internos e danos devido a sistemas/materiais de acondicionamento inadequados. Nos armários da nova Reserva este último risco é também o mais preocupante, no entanto, comparativamente com o arcaz, os armários acabam por ser a melhor opção para acondicionar os têxteis. Os resultados obtidos da magnitude dos riscos afetos à coleção, nos dois espaços, levaram a propostas de controlo com o intuito de minimizar os processos de deterioração. Na segunda parte (Parte II) é possível seguir o procedimento de diagnóstico e intervenção de conservação e restauro efetuado em duas peças da mesma coleção. Ambos os panos, pertencentes ao espólio do Primeiro Bispo de Damão, foram escolhidos pelo seu interesse histórico e originalidade, pelo caso de estudo que representam ao nível material, técnico e decorativo, e por serem considerados um bom exemplo das problemáticas associadas à conservação de têxteis litúrgicos. Entre as formas de degradação mais evidenciadas salientam-se: deformações estruturais, sujidade e perda de material têxtil, de elementos do bordado metálico e das camadas pictóricas. A presença de materiais diferenciados constituiu um grande desafio, levando a uma abordagem multidisciplinar, nos métodos de exame e análise para a sua caracterização, e na recuperação para fins museológicos, que se regeu pelo princípio de intervenção mínima. Espera-se que a primeira parte deste trabalho permita fazer uma extrapolação para quais poderão ser os principais problemas da conservação de têxteis, localizados em arcazes noutras Sacristias. Quanto à segunda parte, acredita-se que possa servir de base ao estudo de peças semelhantes e contribuir para uma maior dinamização e divulgação das práticas de conservação e restauro na área dos têxteis.

Processos de degradação em manuscritos iluminados: estudo, conservação e restauro de um livro de horas do século XV do Palácio Nacional de Mafra

Dissertação apresentada à Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade Nova de Lisboa para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Conservação e Restauro. Especialização em documentos gráficos