Analysis of urban land use and land cover changes: a case of study in Bahir Dar, Ethiopia

Dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in Geospatial Technologies

A mudança do regime cambial português: Um balanço 15 anos depois de Maastricht

A mudança de regime para a estabilidade e convertibilidade cambiais deve ser enquadrada numa mudança de regime económico e financeiro. A parte monetária foi feita por pressão europeia directa mas não se pode mudar a constituição fiscal a partir de fora. Para tal, não bastam tratados nem pactos com restrições às despesas e receitas públicas, porque a constituição fiscal assenta num processo orçamental que reflecte o sistema político. A falta de complementaridade entre políticas explica que as nossas reformas nãotenham durado o suficiente para que as empresas se sintam parte interessada. O resultado da “boleia de juros” foi uma procura excessiva de bens e serviços transaccionáveis por parte dos residentes, que se manifestou quer na despesa em bens e serviços importados ou exportáveis. Tendo em conta a baixa classificação de Portugal em termos de produtividade e também em termos de atractividade para o investor, não se vai realizar o alto potencial exportador sem alterar os preços relativos. O balanço 15 anos depois de Maastricht é pois de que, sem uma estratégia sustentada de reformas, o potencial exportador não se pode realizar. Sem realizar esse potencial, não se pode restaurar uma diferencialidade portuguesa assente nas pertenças e liberdades.

Simulação matemática do regime térmico de sistemas lacustres no sistema climático projectado para o século XXI

Dissertação para obtenção do Grau de Doutor em Engenharia do Ambiente

A heráldica municipal portuguesa na transição do Antigo Regime para a monarquia constitucional: reflexos revolucionários

RODRIGUES, José Damião (coord.),

Res Publica: Citizenship and Political Representation in Portugal, 1820-1926

The term res publica (literally “thing of the people”) was coined by the Romans to translate the Greek word politeia, which, as we know, referred to a political community organised in accordance with certain principles, amongst which the notion of the “good life” (as against exclusively private interests) was paramount. This ideal also came to be known as political virtue. To achieve it, it was necessary to combine the best of each “constitutional” type and avoid their worst aspects (tyranny, oligarchy and ochlocracy). Hence, the term acquired from the Greeks a sense of being a “mixed” and “balanced” system. Anyone that was entitled to citizenship could participate in the governance of the “public thing”. This implied the institutionalization of open debate and confrontation between interested parties as a way of achieving the consensus necessary to ensure that man the political animal, who fought with words and reason, prevailed over his “natural” counterpart. These premises lie at the heart of the project which is now being presented under the title of Res Publica: Citizenship and Political Representation in Portugal, 1820-1926. The fact that it is integrated into the centenary commemorations of the establishment of the Republic in Portugal is significant, as it was the idea of revolution – with its promise of rupture and change – that inspired it. However, it has also sought to explore events that could be considered the precursor of democratization in the history of Portugal, namely the vintista, setembrista and patuleia revolutions. It is true that the republican regime was opposed to the monarchic. However, although the thesis that monarchy would inevitably lead to tyranny had held sway for centuries, it had also been long believed that the monarchic system could be as “politically virtuous” as a republic (in the strict sense of the word) provided that power was not concentrated in the hands of a single individual. Moreover, various historical experiments had shown that republics could also degenerate into Caesarism and different kinds of despotism. Thus, when absolutism began to be overturned in continental Europe in the name of the natural rights of man and the new social pact theories, initiating the difficult process of (written) constitutionalization, the monarchic principle began to be qualified as a “monarchy hedged by republican institutions”, a situation in which not even the king was exempt from isonomy. This context justifies the time frame chosen here, as it captures the various changes and continuities that run through it. Having rejected the imperative mandate and the reinstatement of the model of corporative representation (which did not mean that, in new contexts, this might not be revived, or that the second chamber established by the Constitutional Charter of 1826 might not be given another lease of life), a new power base was convened: national sovereignty, a precept that would be shared by the monarchic constitutions of 1822 and 1838, and by the republican one of 1911. This followed the French example (manifested in the monarchic constitution of 1791 and in the Spanish constitution of 1812), as not even republicans entertained a tradition of republicanism based upon popular sovereignty. This enables us to better understand the rejection of direct democracy and universal suffrage, and also the long incapacitation (concerning voting and standing for office) of the vast body of “passive” citizens, justified by “enlightened”, property- and gender-based criteria. Although the republicans had promised in the propaganda phase to alter this situation, they ultimately failed to do so. Indeed, throughout the whole period under analysis, the realisation of the potential of national sovereignty was mediated above all by the individual citizen through his choice of representatives. However, this representation was indirect and took place at national level, in the hope that action would be motivated not by particular local interests but by the common good, as dictated by reason. This was considered the only way for the law to be virtuous, a requirement that was also manifested in the separation and balance of powers. As sovereignty was postulated as single and indivisible, so would be the nation that gave it soul and the State that embodied it. Although these characteristics were common to foreign paradigms of reference, in Portugal, the constitutionalization process also sought to nationalise the idea of Empire. Indeed, this had been the overriding purpose of the 1822 Constitution, and it persisted, even after the loss of Brazil, until decolonization. Then, the dream of a single nation stretching from the Minho to Timor finally came to an end.

O uso da heráldica no interior da casa senhorial portuguesa de Antigo Regime: propostas de sistematização e entendimento

O presente texto tem como ponto de partida o levantamento heráldico operado no âmbito do projecto “A Casa Senhorial em Lisboa e no Rio de Janeiro (séculos XVII, XVIII e XIX). Anatomia dos Interiores”, nas suas vertentes arquivística, iconográfica e patrimonial. Com base nas manifestações armoriadas arroladas, vem chamar-se a atenção para o interesse de que a Heráldica se pode revestir para o estudo das artes decorativas existente no interior das casas senhoriais. Mais do que uma análise heráldica praticada em moldes tradicionais – isto é, como instrumento passível de fornecer dados para identificação e datação de comanditários ou de campanhas de obras –, a presente abordagem ambiciona caracterizar, para o período em apreço, o recurso à decoração heráldica tanto em aplicações estruturais do espaço interior, como em objectos de todo o tipo, como elementos decorativos ou funcionais integrados no recheio das casas senhoriais lisboetas. Propõe-se, assim, analisar o conjunto de tais manifestações heráldicas enquanto documento integral que funcionou como forma de auto-representação e de comunicação, conferindo uma mensagem e um sentido concretos aos objectos e aos espaços em que se inseriu.

Technology transition towards electric mobility - technology assessment as a tool for policy design

Paper presented at the Colloquium Gerpisa 2013, Paris (http://gerpisa.org/node/2085), Session n°: 19 New kinds of mobility: old and new business models

Archaeometallurgical study of the Proto-historic collection of Moinhos de Golas (North Portugal): a forecast for technological changes?

This work presents the archaeometallurgical study of a group of metallic artefacts found in Moinhos de Golas site, Vila Real (North of Portugal), that can generically be attributed to Proto-history (1st millennium BC, Late Bronze Age and Iron Age). The collection is composed by 35 objects: weapons, ornaments and tools, and others of difficult classification, as rings, bars and one small thin bent sheet. Some of the objects can typologically be attributed to Late Bronze Age, others are of more difficult specific attribution. The archaeometallurgical study involved x-ray digital radiography, elemental analysis by micro-energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry and scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectroscopy, microstructural observations by optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The radiographic images revealed structural heterogeneities frequently related with the degradation of some artefacts and the elemental analysis showed that the majority of the artefacts was produced in a binary bronze alloy (Cu-Sn) (73%), being others produced in copper (15%) and three artefacts in brass (Cu-Zn(-Sn-Pb)). Among each type of alloy there’s certain variability in the composition and in the type of inclusions. The microstructural observations revealed that the majority of the artefacts suffered cycles of thermo-mechanical processing after casting. The diversity of metals/alloys identified was a discovery of great interest, specifically due to the presence of brasses. Their presence can be interpreted as importations related to the circulation of exogenous products during the Proto-history and/or to the deposition of materials during different moments at the site, from the transition of Late Bronze Age/Early Iron Age (Orientalizing period) onwards, as during the Roman period.

O modelo espacial do estado moderno: reorganização territorial em Portugal nos finais do antigo regime

Prefácio de António Hespanha

Drenagem urbana sustentável e o regime de precipitação em Portugal

O comportamento das águas pluviais em meio urbano é muito diferente do que ocorre em ambientes naturais, principalmente devido à elevada percentagem de superfícies impermeáveis nas nossas cidades. Temos maiores volumes de escoamento gerados; maiores velocidades de escoamento; menor retenção de contaminantes difusos; e propagação rápida para jusante de problemas de cheias e de qualidade da água. Presentemente, a gestão de águas pluviais em meio urbano começa a ser encarada numa perspectiva de aproximação ao comportamento dos meios naturais. A Drenagem Urbana Sustentável está a assumir-se como um conceito de gestão que tem como objectivo gerir a água de uma forma “descentralizada”, promovendo localmente a sua infiltração e retenção distribuídas por toda a bacia. O objecto deste trabalho foi a avaliação do efeito da rugosidade dos sistemas de drenagem sobre os caudais de ponta de cheia. Para isso propôs-se uma solução de drenagem com escoamento superficial em paralelo com os colectores pluviais, dividindo a drenagem entre os dois meios. Baseado nas curvas de intensidade-duração-frequência para a maior parte do território nacional, bem como em eventos de precipitação registados, abordou-se o problema criando um modelo conceptual com o programa informático StormWater Management Model (SWMM 5) da Environment Protection Agency (EPA), para comparar os caudais de ponta de sistemas de drenagem pluvial com ou sem o apoio de estruturas de transporte de caudais com rugosidades aumentadas. Foram considerados diversos cenários, com diferentes rugosidades, inclinações do terreno e dimensão dos sistemas. Os resultados das simulações indicam reduções de caudais de ponta na ordem dos 30% resultantes do escoamento superficial de parte dos caudais, principalmente devido ao aumento de rugosidade que a drenagem à superficie pode proporcionar.

Long-run performance of sovereign rating changes

This paper examines the impact of Sovereign rating changes on the aggregate stock and bond market returns both in emerging and developed countries. Rating downgrades in emerging markets are associated with significant negative wealth effects both in the stock and bond markets. Moreover, the effects of rating downgrades persist up to six-months after the event. In contrast, upgrades in emerging markets convey no information. Rating changes in developed markets have no significant impact on either stock and bond market returns. Rating agencies act pro-cyclically, downgrading countries in bad times and, consequently, contributing to the instability in emerging markets.

The influence of price changes on consumers' purchase decisions

The development of an effective pricing strategy requires the acquaintance of consumers’ price perception as well as the range of elements that influence the price sensitivity. This paper analyses the relationships between product features, individual characteristics and the level of price increase/decrease that induces the consumers to change their purchase decisions. The results of a dedicated survey show, that price sensitivity, individual preferences, type of product and direction of price change and individual characteristics of consumers (gender, age, professional situation) have a significant impact on a threshold at which people are willing to choose the less attractive, but cheaper alternative to their favorite product or give up the variety in consumption. From a consumer behavior perspective, these findings play a fundamental role in pricing.

O regime do contrato individual de trabalho da Administração Pública e a Constituição Portuguesa

In, Lusíada – Direito, II Série, nº 3 de 2005

O regime profissional do pessoal paramédico constante do Decreto-Lei nº 320/99 e a Constituição Portuguesa

In, O Direito, ano 132º, Lisboa, (Julho-Dezembro)de 2000, III-IV