Perdas em redes de abastecimento de água – Sistemas de detecção, controlo e gestão. Aplicação do conceito Smart Cities na óptica de sustentabilidade do ciclo da água

O desenvolvimento da Sociedade obrigou à gestão integrada dos recursos hídricos. A gestão do ciclo de água é executada de forma a optimizar este recurso ao máximo, tendo em consideração os aspectos económicos, ambientais, normativos e sociais, de forma coordenada com os restantes recursos naturais e com os planos intersectoriais e geracionais. No entanto, continua a constatar-se a ocorrência de elevados níveis de perdas e fugas de água, nos sistemas urbanos de abastecimento e distribuição de água, constituindo um prejuízo para as entidades gestoras, o qual se reflecte, economicamente no cliente final, e no equilíbrio do meio-ambiente. Impera, assim, a necessidade de garantir a utilização da água, de forma consciente, eficiente e sustentável. No âmbito desta temática, surgem, actualmente, termos, como, “água inteligente” ou “smart water”, aplicados especialmente ao conceito “Smart Cities”. Pressupõe-se com este, a aplicação das novas tecnologias de informação, em prol das políticas urbanas que gerem uma cidade, por forma a garantir o controlo em tempo real, da informação inerente à exploração das infra-estruturas existentes na cidade. Estuda-se, neste trabalho, o estado normativo Português e os objectivos governamentais relacionados com o combate às perdas de água, no sentido de obter maiores níveis de eficiência e sustentabilidade do recurso água. Pretende-se analisar, também, a importância da implementação de parcerias (ao nível nacional e internacional), entre empresas de tecnologias de informação (detentoras de métodos inovadores de gestão de dados) e as entidades gestoras dos sistemas de abastecimento de água (conhecedoras dos reais problemas operacionais, inerentes à exploração dos sistemas). Neste trabalho, enumeram-se ainda, exemplos de aplicações inovadoras na gestão de sistemas de abastecimento de água, assim como onde está a ser aplicado o conceito Smart Cities, e quais os meios utilizados para obter apoio para o financiamento das soluções preconizadas.

Smart-RBAC

Generally, smart campus applications do not consider the role of the user with his/her position in a university environment, consequently irrelevant information is delivered to the users. This dissertation proposes a location-based access control model, named Smart-RBAC, extending the functionality of Role-based Access Control Model (RBAC) by including user’s location as the contextual attribute, to solve the aforementioned problem. Smart-RBAC model is designed with a focus on content delivery to the user in order to offer a feasible level of flexibility, which was missing in the existing location-based access control models. An instance of the model, derived from Liferay’s RBAC, is implemented by creating a portal application to test and validate the Smart-RBAC model. Additionally, portlet-based applications are developed to assess the suitability of the model in a smart campus environment. The evaluation of the model, based on a popular theoretical framework, demonstrates the model’s capability to achieve some security goals like “Dynamic Separation of Duty” and “Accountability”. We believe that the Smart-RBAC model will improve the existing smart campus applications since it utilizes both, role and location of the user, to deliver content.

Creation of a web application for smart park system and parking prediction study for system integration

In the last few years, we have observed an exponential increasing of the information systems, and parking information is one more example of them. The needs of obtaining reliable and updated information of parking slots availability are very important in the goal of traffic reduction. Also parking slot prediction is a new topic that has already started to be applied. San Francisco in America and Santander in Spain are examples of such projects carried out to obtain this kind of information. The aim of this thesis is the study and evaluation of methodologies for parking slot prediction and the integration in a web application, where all kind of users will be able to know the current parking status and also future status according to parking model predictions. The source of the data is ancillary in this work but it needs to be understood anyway to understand the parking behaviour. Actually, there are many modelling techniques used for this purpose such as time series analysis, decision trees, neural networks and clustering. In this work, the author explains the best techniques at this work, analyzes the result and points out the advantages and disadvantages of each one. The model will learn the periodic and seasonal patterns of the parking status behaviour, and with this knowledge it can predict future status values given a date. The data used comes from the Smart Park Ontinyent and it is about parking occupancy status together with timestamps and it is stored in a database. After data acquisition, data analysis and pre-processing was needed for model implementations. The first test done was with the boosting ensemble classifier, employed over a set of decision trees, created with C5.0 algorithm from a set of training samples, to assign a prediction value to each object. In addition to the predictions, this work has got measurements error that indicates the reliability of the outcome predictions being correct. The second test was done using the function fitting seasonal exponential smoothing tbats model. Finally as the last test, it has been tried a model that is actually a combination of the previous two models, just to see the result of this combination. The results were quite good for all of them, having error averages of 6.2, 6.6 and 5.4 in vacancies predictions for the three models respectively. This means from a parking of 47 places a 10% average error in parking slot predictions. This result could be even better with longer data available. In order to make this kind of information visible and reachable from everyone having a device with internet connection, a web application was made for this purpose. Beside the data displaying, this application also offers different functions to improve the task of searching for parking. The new functions, apart from parking prediction, were: - Park distances from user location. It provides all the distances to user current location to the different parks in the city. - Geocoding. The service for matching a literal description or an address to a concrete location. - Geolocation. The service for positioning the user. - Parking list panel. This is not a service neither a function, is just a better visualization and better handling of the information.

Using an LED as a sensor and visible light communication device in a smart illumination system

The need for more efficient illumination systems has led to the proliferation of Solid-State Lighting (SSL) systems, which offer optimized power consumption. SSL systems are comprised of LED devices which are intrinsically fast devices and permit very fast light modulation. This, along with the congestion of the radio frequency spectrum has paved the path for the emergence of Visible Light Communication (VLC) systems. VLC uses free space to convey information by using light modulation. Notwithstanding, as VLC systems proliferate and cost competitiveness ensues, there are two important aspects to be considered. State-of-the-art VLC implementations use power demanding PAs, and thus it is important to investigate if regular, existent Switched-Mode Power Supply (SMPS) circuits can be adapted for VLC use. A 28 W buck regulator was implemented using a off-the-shelf LED Driver integrated circuit, using both series and parallel dimming techniques. Results show that optical clock frequencies up to 500 kHz are achievable without any major modification besides adequate component sizing. The use of an LED as a sensor was investigated, in a short-range, low-data-rate perspective. Results show successful communication in an LED-to-LED configuration, with enhanced range when using LED strings as sensors. Besides, LEDs present spectral selective sensitivity, which makes them good contenders for a multi-colour LED-to-LED system, such as in the use of RGB displays and lamps. Ultimately, the present work shows evidence that LEDs can be used as a dual-purpose device, enabling not only illumination, but also bi-directional data communication.

Smart machines in day-to-day financial management:

Starting from Novabase’s challenge to launch in the UK Millennials a personal financial advisor mobile application, this work project aims to build a planning model to frame a business side of a launch strategy for mobile application in similar market and category. This study culminates on the design of SPOSTAC planning model. The created framework is intended to effectively and efficiently plan a launch strategy, being structured based on seven sequential elements: Situation, Product, Objectives, Strategy, Tactics, Action, and Control.

EDP inovcity: Electricity feedback with smart meters through TV

In this work project I propose an innovative service – Electricity Feedback with Smart Meters through TV – to be considered as an additional test in the residential electricity use feedback trials currently being conducted in EDP’s InovCity project. My proposal is based on relevant past and current research studies, both Portuguese and international, which explain and support the proposed operationalization and characteristics of this new service. Furthermore, a careful analysis about the segmentation framing, the best market entry strategy and the consequences of adopting a joint venture with cable TV operators, is also provided. Finally, I present a SWOT analysis and highlight critical issues affecting the effectiveness of feedback which require further research.

Contributions towards smart cities : exploring block level census data for the characterization of change in Lisbon

The interest in using information to improve the quality of living in large urban areas and its governance efficiency has been around for decades. Nevertheless, the improvements in Information and Communications Technology has sparked a new dynamic in academic research, usually under the umbrella term of Smart Cities. This concept of Smart City can probably be translated, in a simplified version, into cities that are lived, managed and developed in an information-saturated environment. While it makes perfect sense and we can easily foresee the benefits of such a concept, presently there are still several significant challenges that need to be tackled before we can materialize this vision. In this work we aim at providing a small contribution in this direction, which maximizes the relevancy of the available information resources. One of the most detailed and geographically relevant information resource available, for the study of cities, is the census, more specifically the data available at block level (Subsecção Estatística). In this work, we use Self-Organizing Maps (SOM) and the variant Geo-SOM to explore the block level data from the Portuguese census of Lisbon city, for the years of 2001 and 2011. We focus on gauging change, proposing ways that allow the comparison of the two time periods, which have two different underlying geographical bases. We proceed with the analysis of the data using different SOM variants, aiming at producing a two-fold portrait: one, of the evolution of Lisbon during the first decade of the XXI century, another, of how the census dataset and SOM’s can be used to produce an informational framework for the study of cities.

In-situ X-ray diffraction studies during growth of Ni-Ti shape memory alloy films and their complementary ex-situ characterization

Shape Memory Alloy (SMA) Ni-Ti films have attracted much interest as functional and smart materials due to their unique properties. However, there are still important issues unresolved like formation of film texture and its control as well as substrate effects. Thus, the main challenge is not only the control of the microstructure, including stoichiometry and precipitates, but also the identification and control of the preferential orientation since it is a crucial factor in determining the shape memory behaviour. The aim of this PhD thesis is to study the optimisation of the deposition conditions of films of Ni-Ti in order to obtain the material fully crystallized at the end of the deposition, and to establish a clear relationship between the substrates and texture development. In order to achieve this objective, a two-magnetron sputter deposition chamber has been used allowing to heat and to apply a bias voltage to the substrate. It can be mounted into the six-circle diffractometer of the Rossendorf Beamline (ROBL) at the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), Grenoble, France, enabling an in-situ characterization by X-ray diffraction(XRD) of the films during their growth and annealing. The in-situ studies enable us to identify the different steps of the structural evolution during deposition with a set of parameters as well as to evaluate the effect of changing parameters on the structural characteristics of the deposited film. Besides the in-situ studies, other complementary ex-situ characterization techniques such as XRD at a laboratory source, Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy(RBS), Auger electron spectroscopy (AES), cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy (X-TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and electrical resistivity (ER) measurements during temperature cycling have been used for a fine structural characterization. In this study, mainly naturally and thermally oxidized Si(100) substrates, TiN buffer layers with different thicknesses (i.e. the TiN topmost layer crystallographic orientation is thickness dependent) and MgO(100) single crystals were used as substrates. The chosen experimental procedure led to a controlled composition and preferential orientation of the films. The type of substrate plays an important role for the texture of the sputtered Ni-Ti films and according to the ER results, the distinct crystallographic orientations of the Ni-Ti films influence their phase transformation characteristics.

Developing persuasive interfaces

MSCC Dissertation in Computer Engineering

High-performance flexible hybrid field-effect transistors based on cellulose fiber paper

IEEE Electron Device Letters, VOL. 29, NO. 9,

Algorithms and methodologies for decision support in energy efficiency on buildings

Dissertação apresentada na faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade Nova de Lisboa para a obtenção do grau de Mestre em Engenharia Electrotécnica e de Computadores

Contributo para o estudo da infecção congénita pelo vírus citomegálico em Portugal

Resumo O vírus citomegálico humano (CMV) é o principal agente de infecção congénita, atingindo cerca de 0.2 a 2.2% de todos os recém-nascidos. As crianças que nascem infectadas por este vírus têm cerca de 11% a 12.7% de probabilidades de apresentarem sintomas e sinais de doença citomegálica ao nascimento, podendo cerca de 40 a 58% destas virem a apresentar sequelas neurológicas permanentes. Das crianças infectadas que terão infecção assintomática no período neo-natal, 5 a 15% poderão vir igualmente a sofrer de sequelas tardias, sobretudo a surdez ou o atraso mental. Em Portugal, desconhece-se a dimensão deste problema. O primeiro objectivo desta dissertação foi, desta forma, a determinação da prevalência através do recurso aos cartões do diagnóstico precoce (“Guthrie cards”), utilizando uma técnica de nested-PCR dirigida para o vírus. Foram estudados 3600 cartões, seleccionados de todo o território nacional (continente e ilhas), de uma forma proporcional ao número de nascimentos em cada distrito, dos quais 38 foram positivos, o que dá uma prevalência de 1.05% (intervalo de confiança para 95%: 0.748-1.446). A revisão sobre a experiência acumulada nos últimos 15 anos, na área do diagnóstico pré-natal, juntamente com um estudo adicional sobre a técnica da avidez, permitiu retirar algumas ilações, nomeadamente que este diagnóstico constitui uma arma diagnostica fiável para a avaliação pré-natal desta infecção congénita e que a selecção dos casos para amniocentese deverá obedecer a indicações serológicas precisas, como a “seroconversão para IgG” ou a “IgM confirmada” (devendo o método de confirmação ser a avidez das IgG com um índice <0,6) e as alterações ecográficas de etiologia não esclarecida. A possibilidade de utilizar pools de urinas para detectar a infecção congénita por CMV foi abordada na terceira parte do trabalho experimental. A metodologia aí descrita teve correlação total com o método de referência, permitindo uma redução bastante significativa nos tempos de execução e nos custos em consumíveis, pelo que abre a possibilidade da sua utilização para o rastreio da infecção congénita por CMV nos recém-nascidos.

Development of 2-oxazoline-based hydrogels and porous polyester microparticles in scCO2

Thesis submitted to Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia from Universidade Nova de Lisboa in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the obtention of the degree of Master of Science in Biotechnology