Inspecção de infraestruturas ferroviárias. Avaliação não destrutiva com o radar de prospecção.

As infraestruturas ferroviárias são cada vez mais, essenciais para o serviço de mobilidade de pessoas e bens em curtas e em longas distâncias. A notável evolução da indústria e da tecnologia impulsionou o desenvolvimento socioeconómico dos países e por sua vez, a densidade das redes de transporte. Com base nesta expansão as entidades gestoras dos caminhos-de-ferro têm como função oferecer cada vez melhores serviços de transporte e, por conseguinte, garantir um elevado nível de segurança e conforto aos passageiros conjugando-os, claro, com os recursos que dispõem. Hoje em dia, as noções de manutenção e conservação das vias férreas estão directamente ligadas com a segurança dos utilizadores. Daqui resulta que as inspeções das vias são cada vez mais importantes para o bom funcionamento das mesmas. Assim, o objectivo desta dissertação consiste em propor uma metodologia para uma melhor avaliação das infraestruturas ferroviárias em tempo real. Ou seja, o intuito será de diminuir o tempo de inspecção das vias férreas, com base na antecipada caracterização dos parâmetros eletromagnéticos dos materiais ferroviários, em especial, do balastro contaminado com solo. Pretendeu-se desenvolver ensaios em laboratório que simulem as várias hipóteses de contaminação do balastro que podem existir numa via tradicional, variando o nível de contaminação do balastro e o teor em água do solo. Posteriormente, através da medição em contínuo da camada de balastro, com o apoio do radar de prospecção, GPR, irão ser estudadas as constantes dieléctricas dos diferentes casos de estudo. A metodologia em estudo procura estabelecer uma relação entre os dados obtidos em laboratório, através do radar de prospecção, e a medição dos parâmetros geométricos de via numa via em serviço, analisando, principalmente, as zonas de deterioração. A utilização do GPR mostrou ser uma ferramenta eficiente para avaliação da condição da via, permitindo observar a evolução ao longo do tempo da contaminação do balastro.

Frequency-domain receiver design for doubly-selective channels

This work is devoted to the broadband wireless transmission techniques, which are serious candidates to be implemented in future broadband wireless and cellular systems, aiming at providing high and reliable data transmission and concomitantly high mobility. In order to cope with doubly-selective channels, receiver structures based on OFDM and SC-FDE block transmission techniques, are proposed, which allow cost-effective implementations, using FFT-based signal processing. The first subject to be addressed is the impact of the number of multipath components, and the diversity order, on the asymptotic performance of OFDM and SC-FDE, in uncoded and for different channel coding schemes. The obtained results show that the number of relevant separable multipath components is a key element that influences the performance of OFDM and SC-FDE schemes. Then, the improved estimation and detection performance of OFDM-based broadcasting systems, is introduced employing SFN (Single Frequency Network) operation. An initial coarse channel is obtained with resort to low-power training sequences estimation, and an iterative receiver with joint detection and channel estimation is presented. The achieved results have shown very good performance, close to that with perfect channel estimation. The next topic is related to SFN systems, devoting special attention to time-distortion effects inherent to these networks. Typically, the SFN broadcast wireless systems employ OFDM schemes to cope with severely time-dispersive channels. However, frequency errors, due to CFO, compromises the orthogonality between subcarriers. As an alternative approach, the possibility of using SC-FDE schemes (characterized by reduced envelope fluctuations and higher robustness to carrier frequency errors) is evaluated, and a technique, employing joint CFO estimation and compensation over the severe time-distortion effects, is proposed. Finally, broadband mobile wireless systems, in which the relative motion between the transmitter and receiver induces Doppler shift which is different or each propagation path, is considered, depending on the angle of incidence of that path in relation to the direction of travel. This represents a severe impairment in wireless digital communications systems, since that multipath propagation combined with the Doppler effects, lead to drastic and unpredictable fluctuations of the envelope of the received signal, severely affecting the detection performance. The channel variations due this effect are very difficult to estimate and compensate. In this work we propose a set of SC-FDE iterative receivers implementing efficient estimation and tracking techniques. The performance results show that the proposed receivers have very good performance, even in the presence of significant Doppler spread between the different groups of multipath components.

The value creation radar applied to the space engineering sector

This case study illustrates the application of the Value Creation Radar (VCR) to SenSyF, an Earth Observation (EO) system which was developed by Deimos Engenharia S.A. (DME), the Portuguese affiliate of Elecnor Deimos. It describes how a team of consultants adopted the VCR in order to find new market applications for SenSyF, selected the one with the highest potential, and defined a path to guarantee a sustainable market launch. This case study highlights the main challenges of bringing a technology-driven company closer to the market in the pursuit of long-term sustainability, while not compromising its technological capabilities

The global radar applied to the precision farming sector

The case describes the development of MyFARM’s internationalization plan, a service of Deimos Engenharia, under the GloCal Radar. This space engineering company hired Lisbon Consulting Company to undertake the project to overcome its lack of market orientation. The consultants’ analysis revealed Stevens County, Kansas, as the market with the highest potential for MyFARM. A suitable entry strategy and adaptation of the service for the local market was proposed. The case culminates with the Board of Directors discussing the viability of implementing the consultants’ recommendations to start diversifying their sources of revenue streams.