Training control centers' operators in incident diagnosis and power restoration using intelligent tutoring systems

The activity of Control Center operators is important to guarantee the effective performance of Power Systems. Operators’ actions are crucial to deal with incidents, especially severe faults like blackouts. In this paper, we present an Intelligent Tutoring approach for training Portuguese Control Center operators in tasks like incident analysis and diagnosis, and service restoration of Power Systems. Intelligent Tutoring System (ITS) approach is used in the training of the operators, having into account context awareness and the unobtrusive integration in the working environment. Several Artificial Intelligence techniques were criteriously used and combined together to obtain an effective Intelligent Tutoring environment, namely Multiagent Systems, Neural Networks, Constraint-based Modeling, Intelligent Planning, Knowledge Representation, Expert Systems, User Modeling, and Intelligent User Interfaces.

Inexact restoration approaches to solve mathematical program with complementarity constraints

Mathematical Program with Complementarity Constraints (MPCC) finds applica- tion in many fields. As the complementarity constraints fail the standard Linear In- dependence Constraint Qualification (LICQ) or the Mangasarian-Fromovitz constraint qualification (MFCQ), at any feasible point, the nonlinear programming theory may not be directly applied to MPCC. However, the MPCC can be reformulated as NLP problem and solved by nonlinear programming techniques. One of them, the Inexact Restoration (IR) approach, performs two independent phases in each iteration - the feasibility and the optimality phases. This work presents two versions of an IR algorithm to solve MPCC. In the feasibility phase two strategies were implemented, depending on the constraints features. One gives more importance to the complementarity constraints, while the other considers the priority of equality and inequality constraints neglecting the complementarity ones. The optimality phase uses the same approach for both algorithm versions. The algorithms were implemented in MATLAB and the test problems are from MACMPEC collection.

Is mental practice an effective adjunct therapeutic strategy for upper limb motor restoration after stroke? A systematic review and meta- analysis

Stroke is one of the most common conditions requiring rehabilitation, and its motor impairments are a major cause of permanent disability. Hemiparesis is observed by 80% of the patients after acute stroke. Neuroimaging studies showed that real and imagined movements have similarities regarding brain activation, supplying evidence that those similarities are based on the same process. Within this context, the combination of mental practice (MP) with physical and occupational therapy appears to be a natural complement based on neurorehabilitation concepts. Our study seeks to investigate if MP for stroke rehabilitation of upper limbs is an effective adjunct therapy. PubMed (Medline), ISI knowledge (Institute for Scientific Information) and SciELO (Scientific Electronic Library) were terminated on 20 February 2015. Data were collected on variables as follows: sample size, type of supervision, configuration of mental practice, setting the physical practice (intensity, number of sets and repetitions, duration of contractions, rest interval between sets, weekly and total duration), measures of sensorimotor deficits used in the main studies and significant results. Random effects models were used that take into account the variance within and between studies. Seven articles were selected. As there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups (MP vs control), showed a - 0.6 (95% CI: -1.27 to 0.04), for upper limb motor restoration after stroke. The present meta-analysis concluded that MP is not effective as adjunct therapeutic strategy for upper limb motor restoration after stroke.

A filter inexact-restoration method for nonlinear programming

A new iterative algorithm based on the inexact-restoration (IR) approach combined with the filter strategy to solve nonlinear constrained optimization problems is presented. The high level algorithm is suggested by Gonzaga et al. (SIAM J. Optim. 14:646–669, 2003) but not yet implement—the internal algorithms are not proposed. The filter, a new concept introduced by Fletcher and Leyffer (Math. Program. Ser. A 91:239–269, 2002), replaces the merit function avoiding the penalty parameter estimation and the difficulties related to the nondifferentiability. In the IR approach two independent phases are performed in each iteration, the feasibility and the optimality phases. The line search filter is combined with the first one phase to generate a “more feasible” point, and then it is used in the optimality phase to reach an “optimal” point. Numerical experiences with a collection of AMPL problems and a performance comparison with IPOPT are provided.

Ligadura funcional num caso de entorse da acrómio-clavicolar, grau III: que resultados em termos de restabelecimento de força muscular?

Com o presente estudo pretendeu-se: (1) verificar se a ligadura funcional para a lesão da articulação Acrómio-Clavicular (AC), descrita por Chanussot e Danowski (2001), contribui para o restabelecimento da força muscular num paciente com lesão grau III; e, (2) observar se a ligadura funcional altera o padrão electromiográfico dos principais músculos superficiais do complexo articular do ombro: infra-espinhoso, deltóide anterior, grande peitoral, trapézio superior e trapézio inferior. Efectuou-se assim um estudo de caso do tipo observacional, descritivo transversal. Para avaliação da força muscular foi utilizado um dinamómetro isocinético e para a avaliação do nível de activação de fibras musculares foi utilizada a EMG de superfície. Os movimentos em análise foram os de rotação interna e externa, a 60º/s e 180º/s. Os resultados revelaram, na presença de ligadura, um aumento do Peak Torque dos rotadores internos, assim como da actividade do grande peitoral e trapézio inferior. Constatou-se ainda uma diminuição do Peak Torque e da percentagem do Root Mean Square do trapézio inferior, trapézio superior e grande peitoral, do ombro esquerdo, sem ligadura, quando comparado com o ombro contralateral. A ligadura funcional, numa entorse da acromio-clavicular grau III, poderá contribuir para a recuperação de força muscular e activação de fibras musculares.

Decision support system with incomplete and domain incoherent information management

Many of the most common human functions such as temporal and non-monotonic reasoning have not yet been fully mapped in developed systems, even though some theoretical breakthroughs have already been accomplished. This is mainly due to the inherent computational complexity of the theoretical approaches. In the particular area of fault diagnosis in power systems however, some systems which tried to solve the problem, have been deployed using methodologies such as production rule based expert systems, neural networks, recognition of chronicles, fuzzy expert systems, etc. SPARSE (from the Portuguese acronym, which means expert system for incident analysis and restoration support) was one of the developed systems and, in the sequence of its development, came the need to cope with incomplete and/or incorrect information as well as the traditional problems for power systems fault diagnosis based on SCADA (supervisory control and data acquisition) information retrieval, namely real-time operation, huge amounts of information, etc. This paper presents an architecture for a decision support system, which can solve the presented problems, using a symbiosis of the event calculus and the default reasoning rule based system paradigms, insuring soft real-time operation with incomplete, incorrect or domain incoherent information handling ability. A prototype implementation of this system is already at work in the control centre of the Portuguese Transmission Network.

Using an ambient intelligent architecture for developing an intelligent tutoring system for training operators of power system control centres

This paper describes an architecture conceived to integrate Power Sys-tems tools in a Power System Control Centre, based on an Ambient Intelligent (AmI) paradigm. This architecture is an instantiation of the generic architecture proposed in [1] for developing systems that interact with AmI environments. This architecture has been proposed as a consequence of a methodology for the inclu-sion of Artificial Intelligence in AmI environments (ISyRAmI - Intelligent Sys-tems Research for Ambient Intelligence). The architecture presented in the paper will be able to integrate two applications in the control room of a power system transmission network. The first is SPARSE expert system, used to get diagnosis of incidents and to support power restoration. The second application is an Intelligent Tutoring System (ITS) incorporating two training tools. The first tutoring tool is used to train operators to get the diagnosis of incidents. The second one is another tutoring tool used to train operators to perform restoration procedures.

Cyber-ambient intelligent training of operators in power systems control centres

Cyber-Physical Systems and Ambient Intelligence are two of the most important and emerging paradigms of our days. The introduction of renewable sources gave origin to a completely different dimension of the distribution generation problem. On the other hand, Electricity Markets introduced a different dimension in the complexity, the economic dimension. Our goal is to study how to proceed with the Intelligent Training of Operators in Power Systems Control Centres, considering the new reality of Renewable Sources, Distributed Generation, and Electricity Markets, under the emerging paradigms of Cyber-Physical Systems and Ambient Intelligence. We propose Intelligent Tutoring Systems as the approach to deal with the intelligent training of operators in these new circumstances.

An intelligent tutoring system for operators’ training in power system control centres

The activity of Control Center operators is important to guarantee the effective performance of Power Systems. Operators’ actions are crucial to deal with incidents, especially severe faults, like blackouts. In this paper we present an Intelligent Tutoring approach for training Portuguese Control Centre operators in tasks like incident analysis and diagnosis, and service restoration of Power Systems. Intelligent Tutoring System (ITS) approach is used in the training of the operators, taking into account context awareness and the unobtrusive integration in the working environment.

Intelligent training in control centres based on an ambient intelligence paradigm

This article describes a new approach in the Intelligent Training of Operators in Power Systems Control Centres, considering the new reality of Renewable Sources, Distributed Generation, and Electricity Markets, under the emerging paradigms of Cyber-Physical Systems and Ambient Intelligence. We propose Intelligent Tutoring Systems as the approach to deal with the intelligent training of operators in these new circumstances.

Combining artificial intelligence techniques for the training of power system control centre operators

Control Centre operators are essential to assure a good performance of Power Systems. Operators’ actions are critical in dealing with incidents, especially severe faults, like blackouts. In this paper we present an Intelligent Tutoring approach for training Portuguese Control Centre operators in incident analysis and diagnosis, and service restoration of Power Systems, offering context awareness and an easy integration in the working environment.

Pubalgia num atleta de futebol: estudo de caso

Introdução: No fu tebol os atletas são submetidos a um grande número de treinos e jogos, não havendo muitas vezes tempo necessário para o repouso ou alongamentos, estes factores predispõem o aparecimento de lesões incapacitantes como a pubalgia. O fisioterapeuta deverá realizar uma correcta avaliação e interpretação dos sintomas e das alterações posturais e biomecânicas do paciente com pubalgia. Objectivo: Através deste estudo de caso pretende-se descrever a avaliação e intervenção num caso de um jogador de fu tebol com pubalgia, salientando o processo de raciocínio clín ico desenvolvido ao longo do tratamento. Intervenção: Após a avaliação inicial, foi estabelecido, em conjunto com o atleta, um plano de tratamento por um períodlo de cinco semanas com três sessões semanais e exercícios durante os restantes dias. A intervenção visou a diminuição da dor, normalização das alterações articu lares, reforço da musculatu ra enfraquecida, promoção da estabilidade lombopélvica, restabelecimento da mobilidade das cadeias musculares encurtadas e retorno à actividade desportiva. Resultados: Verificou-se uma diminuição da dor, associada a um aumento de flexibilidade e de força. Conclusão: Através da abordagem pelo conceito de cadeias lesionais associado ao tratamento global de fisioterapia (exercícios terapêuticos, electroterapia, massagem), obteve-se melhorias clinicamente importantes num período de cinco semanas, verificando-se no fim do tratamento a ausência de sintomatologia, o que permitiu o retorno do atleta à actividade desportiva.

Do outro lado da linha: impacto dos horários de trabalho de trabalhadores de call center nas necessidades de recuperação – engagement e esforço compensatório

Dissertação apresentada ao Instituto Politécnico do Porto para obtenção do Grau de Mestre em Gestão das Organizações, Ramo Gestão de Empresas Orientada por: Profª Doutora Maria Alexandra Pacheco Ribeiro da Costa Esta dissertação inclui as críticas e sugestões feitas pelo Júri.

Implementação ferramenta LEAN – TPM - serrote mecânico alternativo

Presentemente, com a economia cada vez mais globalizada e com a grande competitividade do mercado, as empresas de produção procuram cada vez mais ajustar-se às exigências dos clientes. Por esse motivo, o controlo do fluxo produtivo torna-se imprescindível para a resolução de problemas e para a própria melhoria contínua do processo. O sistema “Lean Manufacturing”, é um conjunto de atividades que tem como meta o aumento da capacidade de resposta às mudanças e à minimização dos desperdícios na produção, constituindo-se num verdadeiro empreendimento de gestão inovadora. O TPM – Total Productive Maintenance, é uma ferramenta de melhoria continua cada vez mais utilizada nas empresas com o objetivo de melhorar a eficiência dos seus equipamentos e atingir metas para a redução de desperdícios, incluindo a restauração e manutenção de condições padrão de funcionamento. O presente trabalho visa a implementação da ferramenta TPM num equipamento (Serrote Mecânico Alternativo) instalado no Laboratório das Oficinas Mecânicas do Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto. No contexto prático, este trabalho consistiu numa primeira fase por implementar a ferramenta 5S´s no posto de trabalho do equipamento em estudo. Durante esta implementação foi possível detetar algumas anomalias no equipamento, tendo sido sujeitas a uma análise para encontrar as suas causas raiz. Posteriormente foi implementada a ferramenta TPM, de modo, a criar melhores condições de acesso e simplificação das atividades de inspeção, lubrificação e limpeza. Além disso, foi executado e proposto algumas oportunidades de melhoria em alguns elementos, de forma a reduzir tempos de operação e tempos de setup, contribuindo para o aumento da eficiência do equipamento.

On-line self-healing of circuits implemented on reconfigurable FPGAs

To boost logic density and reduce per unit power consumption SRAM-based FPGAs manufacturers adopted nanometric technologies. However, this technology is highly vulnerable to radiation-induced faults, which affect values stored in memory cells, and to manufacturing imperfections. Fault tolerant implementations, based on Triple Modular Redundancy (TMR) infrastructures, help to keep the correct operation of the circuit. However, TMR is not sufficient to guarantee the safe operation of a circuit. Other issues like module placement, the effects of multi- bit upsets (MBU) or fault accumulation, have also to be addressed. In case of a fault occurrence the correct operation of the affected module must be restored and/or the current state of the circuit coherently re-established. A solution that enables the autonomous restoration of the functional definition of the affected module, avoiding fault accumulation, re-establishing the correct circuit state in real-time, while keeping the normal operation of the circuit, is presented in this paper.