Eastwards / westwards: which direction for gender studies in the 21st century?

Eastwards / Westwards: Which Direction for Gender Studies in the XXIst Century? is a collection of essays which focus on themes and methods that characterize current research into gender in Asian countries in general. In this collection, ideas derived from Gender Studies elsewhere in the world have been subjected to scrutiny for their utility in helping to describe and understand regional phenomena. But the concepts of Local and Global – with their discoursive productions – have not functioned as a binary opposition: localism and globalism are mutually constitutive and researchers have interrogated those spaces of interaction between the ‘self’ and the ‘other’, bearing in mind their own embeddedness in social and cultural structures and their own historical memory. Contributors to this collection provided a critical transnational perspective on some of the complex effects of the dynamics of cultural globalization, by exploring the relation between gender and development, language, historiography, education and culture. We have also given attention to the ideological and rhetorical processes through which gender identity is constructed, by comparing textual grids and patterns of expectation. Likewise, we have discussed the role of ethnography, anthropology, historiography, sociology, fiction, popular culture and colonial and post-colonial sources in (re)inventing old/new male/female identities, their conversion into concepts and circulation through time and space. This multicultural and trans-disciplinary selection of essays is totally written in English, fully edited and revised, therefore, it has a good potential for an immediate international circulation. This project may trace new paths and issues for discussion on what concerns the life, practices and narratives by and about women in Asia, as well as elsewhere in the present day global experience. Academic readership: Researchers, scholars, educators, graduate and post-graduate students, doctoral students and general non-fiction readers, with a special interest in Gender Studies, Asia, Colonial and Post-Colonial Literature, Anthropology, Cultural Studies, History, Historiography, Politics, Race, Feminism, Language, Linguistics, Power, Political and Feminist Agendas, Popular Culture, Education, Women’s Writing, Religion, Multiculturalism, Globalisation, Migration. Chapter summary: 1. “Social Gender Stereotypes and their Implication in Hindi”, Anjali Pande, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India. This essay looks at the subtle ways in which gender identities are constructed and reinforced in India through social norms of language use. Language itself becomes a medium for perpetuating gender stereotypes, forcing its speakers to confirm to socially defined gender roles. Using examples from a classroom discussion about a film, this essay will highlight the underlying rigid male-female stereotypes in Indian society with their more obvious expressions in language. For the urban woman in India globalisation meant increased economic equality and exposure to changed lifestyles. On an individual level it also meant redefining gender relations and changing the hierarchy in man-­woman relationships. With the economic independence there is a heightened sense of liberation in all spheres of social life, a confidence to fuzz the rigid boundaries of gender roles. With the new films and media celebrating this liberated woman, who is ready to assert her sexual needs, who is ready to explode those long held notions of morality, one would expect that the changes are not just superficial. But as it soon became obvious in the course of a classroom discussion about relationships and stereotypes related to age, the surface changes can not become part of the common vocabulary, for the obvious reason that there is still a vast gap between the screen image of this new woman and the ground reality. Social considerations define the limits of this assertiveness of women, whereas men are happy to be liberal within the larger frame of social sanctions. The educated urban woman in India speaks in favour of change and the educated urban male supports her, but one just needs to scratch the surface to see the time tested formulae of gender roles firmly in place. The way the urban woman happily balances this emerging promise of independence with her gendered social identity, makes it necessary to rethink some aspects of looking at gender in a gradually changing, traditional society like India. 2. “The Linguistic Dimension of Gender Equality”, Alissa Tolstokorova, Kiev Centre for Gender Information and Education, Ukraine. The subject-matter of this essay is gender justice in language which, as I argue, may be achieved through the development of a gender-related approach to linguistic human rights. The last decades of the 20th century, globally marked by a “gender shift” in attitudes to language policy, gave impetus to the social movement for promoting linguistic gender equality. It was initiated in Western Europe and nowadays is moving eastwards, as ideas of gender democracy progress into developing countries. But, while in western societies gender discrimination through language, or linguistic sexism, was an issue of concern for over three decades, in developing countries efforts to promote gender justice in language are only in their infancy. My argument is that to promote gender justice in language internationally it is necessary to acknowledge the rights of women and men to equal representation of their gender in language and speech and, therefore, raise a question of linguistic rights of the sexes. My understanding is that the adoption of the Universal Declaration of Linguistic Rights in 1996 provided this opportunity to address the problem of gender justice in language as a human rights issue, specifically as a gender dimension of linguistic human rights. 3. “The Rebirth of an Old Language: Issues of Gender Equality in Kazakhstan”, Maria Helena Guimarães, Polytechnic Institute of Porto, Portugal. The existing language situation in Kazakhstan, while peaceful, is not without some tension. We propose to analyze here some questions we consider relevant in the frame of cultural globalization and gender equality, such as: free from Russian imperialism, could Kazakhstan become an easy prey of Turkey’s “imperialist dream”? Could these traditionally Muslim people be soon facing the end of religious tolerance and gender equality, becoming this new old language an easy instrument for the infiltration in the country of fundamentalism (it has already crossed the boarders of Uzbekistan), leading to a gradual deterioration of its rich multicultural relations? The present structure of the language is still very fragile: there are three main dialects and many academics defend the re-introduction of the Latin alphabet, thus enlarging the possibility of cultural “contamination” by making the transmission of fundamentalist ideas still easier through neighbour countries like Azerbaijan, Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan (their languages belong to the same sub-group of Common Turkic), where the Latin alphabet is already in use, and where the ground for such ideas shown itself very fruitful. 4. “Construction of Womanhood in the Bengali Language of Bangladesh”, Raasheed Mahmood; University of New South Wales, Sydney. The present essay attempts to explore the role of gender-based language differences and of certain markers that reveal the status accorded to women in Bangladesh. Discrimination against women, in its various forms, is endemic in communities and countries around the world, cutting across class, race, age, and religious and national boundaries. One cannot understand the problems of gender discrimination solely by referring to the relationship of power or authority between men and women. Rather one needs to consider the problem by relating it to the specific social formation in which the image of masculinity and femininity is constructed and reconstructed. Following such line of reasoning this essay will examine the nature of gender bias in the Bengali language of Bangladesh, holding the conviction that as a product of social reality language reflects the socio-cultural behaviour of the community who speaks it. This essay will also attempt to shed some light on the processes through which gender based language differences produce actual consequences for women, who become exposed to low self-esteem, depression and systematic exclusion from public discourse. 5. “Marriage in China as an expression of a changing society”, Elisabetta Rosado David, University of Porto, Portugal, and Università Ca’Foscari, Venezia, Italy. In 29 April 2001, the new Marriage Law was promulgated in China. The first law on marriage was proclaimed in 1950 with the objective of freeing women from the feudal matrimonial system. With the second law, in 1981, values and conditions that had been distorted by the Cultural Revolution were recovered. Twenty years later, a new reform was started, intending to update marriage in the view of the social and cultural changes that occurred with Deng Xiaoping’s “open policy”. But the legal reform is only the starting point for this case-study. The rituals that are followed in the wedding ceremony are often hard to understand and very difficult to standardize, especially because China is a vast country, densely populated and characterized by several ethnic minorities. Two key words emerge from this issue: syncretism and continuity. On this basis, we can understand tradition in a better way, and analyse whether or not marriage, as every social manifestation, has evolved in harmony with Chinese culture. 6. “The Other Woman in the Portuguese Colonial Empire: The Case of Portuguese India”, Maria de Deus Manso, University of Évora, Portugal. This essay researches the social, cultural and symbolic history of local women in the Portuguese Indian colonial enclaves. The normative Portuguese overseas history has not paid any attention to the “indigenous” female populations in colonial Portuguese territories, albeit the large social importance of these social segments largely used in matrimonial and even catholic missionary strategies. The first attempt to open fresh windows in the history of this new field was the publication of Charles Boxer’s referential study about Women in lberian Overseas Expansion, edited in Portugal only after the Revolution of 1975. After this research we can only quote some other fragmentary efforts. In fact, research about the social, cultural, religious, political and symbolic situation of women in the Portuguese colonial territories, from the XVI to the XX century, is still a minor historiographic field. In this essay we discuss this problem and we study colonial representations of women in the Portuguese Indian enclaves, mainly in the territory of Goa, using case studies methodologies. 7. “Heading East this Time: Critical Readings on Gender in Southeast Asia”, Clara Sarmento, Polytechnic Institute of Porto, Portugal. This essay intends to discuss some critical readings of fictional and theoretical texts on gender condition in Southeast Asian countries. Nowadays, many texts about women in Southeast Asia apply concepts of power in unusual areas. Traditional forms of gender hegemony have been replaced by other powerful, if somewhat more covert, forms. We will discuss some universal values concerning conventional female roles as well as the strategies used to recognize women in political fields traditionally characterized by male dominance. Female empowerment will mean different things at different times in history, as a result of culture, local geography and individual circumstances. Empowerment needs to be perceived as an individual attitude, but it also has to be facilitated at the macro­level by society and the State. Gender is very much at the heart of all these dynamics, strongly related to specificities of historical, cultural, ethnic and class situatedness, requiring an interdisciplinary transnational approach.

Ensino e aprendizagem da Bioquímica em Ciências da Saúde: retenção de conhecimentos adquiridos e sucesso académico versus tipo de exame preferido, sua preparação e stress associado

Num contexto de reestruturação da formação em Ciências da Saúde baseada em competências, torna-se necessário estudar as diferentes formas de avaliação e o stress que lhe está associado, observando de que forma estas poderão interferir no sucesso académico dos alunos e real aquisição de competências. O objectivo do trabalho foi avaliar estas questões no âmbito da Bioquímica de diferentes cursos de Tecnologias da Saúde. A metodologia foi adaptada de controlled pre-test-postest, e os resultados obtidos apontam para que os alunos que mais estudam, ao longo do ano e não no “sprint final”, parecem possuir menor stress e serem melhor sucedidos.

Prevalência e impacte da incontinência urinária e stresse. Antes e durante a gravidez

Introdução: A Incontinência Urinária (IU) feminina é um importante problema de saúde pública, quer pela sua elevada prevalência, quer pelo elevado impacte físico, psíquico e social na vida da mulher. O objectivo deste estudo foi determinar a prevalência, o impacte da Incontinência Urinária de Stresse (IUS) antes e durante a gravidez em parturientes do distrito de Viana do Castelo e determinar a percentagem de mulheres que procura apoio de um profissional de saúde para o seu problema. Método: Realizou-se um estudo transversal considerando uma amostra representativa do distrito, constituída por 336 mulheres, cujo parto ocorreu no Hospital de Santa Luzia, no período compreendido entre 15 de Janeiro a 29 de Março de 2002. Todas as mulheres foram submetidas a um questionário no pós-parto hospitalar. Resultados: A prevalência da IUS, definida como Alguma vez teve perda de urina durante a realização de um esforço? foi de 5,4% (IC 95%: 3,0-7,8) antes da gravidez e 51,5% (IC 95%: 46,1-56,9) durante a gravidez actual. Os factores associados à ocorrência da IUS antes da gravidez foram a multiparidade (OR=9,96), a presença de diabetes (OR=4,61) e obesidade (OR=4,76), e à IUS durante a gravidez foram a multiparidade (OR=1,66), a diabetes (OR=2,62) e a obstipação (OR=1,73). A grande maioria (88,9%) das mulheres com IUS sente-se incomodada por se sentir húmida, 48,5% sente-se nervosa ou ansiosa e 57,3% tem medo que os outros se apercebam do odor. Durante a gravidez, apenas menos de metade das mulheres que tiveram perdas de urina procurou apoio de um profissional de saúde, apesar de a maioria ter interesse em tratar o problema. Conclusões: A IUS afecta um grande número de mulheres deste distrito antes e durante a gravidez. A IUS tem reflexos em várias dimensões da saúde, sendo o bem-estar físico e emocional os mais afectados, mas apenas uma pequena percentagem de mulheres revela o seu problema de IUS a um profissional de saúde. Perante esta evidência tornase importante que os profissionais de saúde conheçam esta realidade e se preocupem em dar resposta a estes problemas de saúde.

Efeito agudo do exercício físico na rigidez arterial

Este estudo pretendeu reproduzir uma tarefa da vida diária (marcha com transporte de peso nos membros superiores) realizada de forma rotineira e até aconselhada no contexto da prevenção e reabilitação de patologia cardiovascular, desta forma, teve como objectivo avaliar o efeito agudo de uma sessão de exercício aeróbio associado a exercício isométrico na rigidez arterial em indivíduos jovens. Foram recrutados 14 indivíduos do sexo masculino com média de idade de 30,3±3,6 anos. Foram realizadas duas sessões de exercício com uma semana de intervalo. Em ambas as sessões de exercício, os sujeitos caminharam num tapete rolante a uma velocidade de 5,0 km/h por um período de dez minutos, sendo que, numa das sessões, determinada aleatoriamente, carregaram o equivalente a 10% do seu peso corporal distribuído igualmente pelos dois membros superiores em dois garrafões de água. Avaliou-se em repouso e imediatamente após o exercício, a pressão arterial periférica, a frequência cardíaca e a rigidez arterial. A análise da rigidez arterial foi efectuada na artéria radial do membro superior direito com um sistema transdutor automático de pressão. Os parâmetros reportados neste estudo são a frequência cardíaca, a pressão arterial sistólica e diastólica, a pressão arterial média, a pressão central (aórtica) sistólica, a pressão de pulso central, a pressão de aumentação e o índice de aumentação a 75 bmp (Aix@75). Em repouso, não se verificaram diferenças significativas entre as duas sessões de exercício nos parâmetros avaliados. O principal resultado do presente estudo indica que a rigidez arterial aumenta de forma aguda com a realização de caminhada (exercício aeróbio) apenas quando esta é acompanhada do transporte nos membros superiores de uma carga externa (exercício isométrico) [Aix@75: -5.5(8.4) para -1.36(8.17)%, p<0.05]. Relativamente ao protocolo exclusivamente aeróbio não se verificaram diferenças significativas na rigidez arterial [Aix@75: -4.2(9.1) para -4.69(7.93)%, p>0.05]. Em conclusão, os resultados do presente estudo indicam que a rigidez arterial, em indivíduos jovens e aparentemente saudáveis, aumenta de forma significativa apenas quando o exercício aeróbio é acompanhado de exercício isométrico de membros superiores com transporte de carga adicional.

A influência da marcha com tripé nos parâmetros metabólicos em jovens e idosos

Introdução: Os parâmetros metabólicos durante a marcha normal e a sua regulação são importantes devido ao metabolismo oxidativo ser o principal meio através do qual o organismo humano gera energia para realizar as atividades do quotidiano. Nem sempre a marcha é realizada de forma independente e necessita do apoio de auxiliares de marcha, como o tripé, que tem por função ampliar a base de sustentação e melhorar o equilíbrio. Objetivo: Analisar a influência de utilização de um tripé na marcha, na despesa energética em jovens e idosos saudáveis Métodos: Realizou-se um estudo observacional transversal numa amostra de 21 voluntários, com idade entre 18 a 25 anos e mais ou igual a 60 anos. Realizaram-se as avaliações com o Cosmed K4b2 (Cosmed, Rome, Italy), sendo através do mesmo que os dados foram recolhidos. Foi utilizado o teste de Friedman, com P <0,05. Resultados: Os resultados obtidos para o gasto energético nos jovens foram inferiores aos valores obtidos pelos idosos. Relativamente ao metabolismo energético o substrato energético utilizado pelos jovens foi o proteico e o lipídico pelos idosos. Entre sexos foram os homens quem tiveram um maior gasto energético. Conclusão: O uso do tripé durante a marcha não influencia o gasto energético em adultos jovens e/ou idosos saudáveis.

Biomimetic norfloxacin sensors made of molecularly-imprinted materials for potentiometric transduction

A biomimetic sensor for norfloxacin is presented that is based on host-guest interactions and potentiometric transduction. The artificial host was imprinted into polymers made from methacrylic acid and/or 2-vinyl pyridine. The resulting particles were entrapped in a plasticized poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) matrix. The sensors exhibit near-Nernstian response in steady state evaluations, and detection limits range from 0.40 to 1.0 μgmL−1, respectively, and are independent of pH values at between 2 and 6, and 8 and 11, respectively. Good selectivity was observed over several potential interferents. In flowing media, the sensors exhibit fast response, a sensitivity of 68.2 mV per decade, a linear range from 79 μM to 2.5 mM, a detection limit of 20 μgmL−1, and a stable baseline. The sensors were successfully applied to field monitoring of norfloxacin in fish samples, biological samples, and pharmaceutical products

Ciprofloxacin-imprinted polymeric receptors as ionophores for potentiometric transduction

A 3D-mirror synthetic receptor for ciprofloxacin host–guest interactions and potentiometric transduction is presented. The host cavity was shaped on a polymeric surface assembled with methacrylic acid or 2-vinyl pyridine monomers by radical polymerization. Molecularly imprinted particles were dispersed in 2-nitrophenyl octyl ether and entrapped in a poly(vinyl chloride) matrix. The sensors exhibited a near-Nernstian response in steady state evaluations. Slopes and detection limits ranged from 26.8 to 50.0mVdecade−1 and 1.0×10−5 to 2.7×10−5 mol L−1, respectively. Good selectivity was observed for trimethoprim, enrofloxacin, tetracycline, cysteine, galactose, hydroxylamine, creatinine, ammonium chloride, sucrose, glucose, sulphamerazine and sulfadiazine. The sensors were successfully applied to the determination of ciprofloxacin concentrations in fish and in pharmaceuticals. The method presented offered the advantages of simplicity, accuracy, applicability to colored and turbid samples and automation feasibility, as well as confirming the use of molecularly imprinted polymers as ionophores for organic ion recognition in potentiometric transduction.

Man-tailored biomimetic sensor of molecularly imprinted materials for the potentiometric measurement of oxytetracycline

A novel biomimetic sensor for the potentiometric transduction of oxytetracycline is presented. The artificial host was imprinted in methacrylic acid and/or acrylamide based polymers. Different amounts of molecularly imprinted and non-imprinted polymers were dispersed in different plasticizing solvents and entrapped in a poly(vinyl chloride) matrix. Only molecularly imprinted based sensors allowed a potentiometric transduction, suggesting the existence of host–guest interactions. These sensors exhibited a near-Nernstian response in steady state evaluations; slopes and detection limits ranged 42–63 mV/decade and 2.5–31.3 µg/mL, respectively. Sensors were independent from the pH of test solutions within 2–5. Good selectivity was observed towards glycine, ciprofloxacin, creatinine, acid nalidixic, sulfadiazine, cysteine, hydroxylamine and lactose. In flowing media, the biomimetic sensors presented good reproducibility (RSD of ±0.7%), fast response, good sensitivity (65 mV/decade), wide linear range (5.0×10−5 to 1.0×10−2 mol/L), low detection limit (19.8 µg/mL), and a stable baseline for a 5×10−3M citrate buffer (pH 2.5) carrier. The sensors were successfully applied to the analysis of drugs and urine. This work confirms the possibility of using molecularly imprinted polymers as ionophores for organic ion recognition in potentiometric transduction.

Ensemble: an e-learning framework

E-Learning frameworks are conceptual tools to organize networks of elearning services. Most frameworks cover areas that go beyond the scope of e-learning, from course to financial management, and neglects the typical activities in everyday life of teachers and students at schools such as the creation, delivery, resolution and evaluation of assignments. This paper presents the Ensemble framework - an e-learning framework exclusively focused on the teaching-learning process through the coordination of pedagogical services. The framework presents an abstract data, integration and evaluation model based on content and communications specifications. These specifications must base the implementation of networks in specialized domains with complex evaluations. In this paper we specialize the framework for two domains with complex evaluation: computer programming and computer-aided design (CAD). For each domain we highlight two Ensemble hotspots: data and evaluations procedures. In the former we formally describe the exercise and present possible extensions. In the latter, we describe the automatic evaluation procedures.

Projecto de avaliação de interfaces – PAI

Para obtenção do grau de Doutor pela Universidade de Vigo com menção internacional Departamento de Informática

Poster: EMMON: a WSN system architecture and toolset for large-scale and dense real-time embedded monitoring

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have attracted growing interest in the last decade as an infrastructure to support a diversity of ubiquitous computing and cyber-physical systems. However, most research work has focused on protocols or on specific applications. As a result, there remains a clear lack of effective and usable WSN system architectures that address both functional and non-functional requirements in an integrated fashion. This poster outlines the EMMON system architecture for large-scale, dense, real-time embedded monitoring. It provides a hierarchical communication architecture together with integrated middleware and command and control software. It has been designed to maintain as much as flexibility as possible while meeting specific applications requirements. EMMON has been validated through extensive analytical, simulation and experimental evaluations, including through a 300+ nodes test-bed the largest single-site WSN test-bed in Europe.

Coordinated runtime adaptations in cooperative open real-time systems

This paper proposes an one-step decentralised coordination model based on an effective feedback mechanism to reduce the complexity of the needed interactions among interdependent nodes of a cooperative distributed system until a collective adaptation behaviour is determined. Positive feedback is used to reinforce the selection of the new desired global service solution, while negative feedback discourages nodes to act in a greedy fashion as this adversely impacts on the provided service levels at neighbouring nodes. The reduced complexity and overhead of the proposed decentralised coordination model are validated through extensive evaluations.

Influence of grease rheology on thrust ball bearings friction torque

The friction torque and the operating temperatures in a thrust ball bearing were measured for seven different types of greases, including three biodegradable greases having low toxicity. These friction torque tests were performed using a modified Four-Ball machine. Rheological evaluations of the lubricating greases were made using a rheometer. Bleed oils were extracted from the greases and the dynamic viscosities were measured. In order to compare the performance of the lubricant greases in terms of friction, the grease characteristics were related to experimental results, showing that the interaction between thickener and base oil have strong influences in the bearing friction torque.

Avaliação do estado de conservação de fachadas e ensaios de arrancamento de elementos em aço de pré-esforço colados com resina Epoxy a provetes de pedra natural

O ingresso no mercado de trabalho e primeiro contacto com a realidade na construção em Portugal motivaram a realização deste relatório. O qual tem como base o estágio realizado na Sika® Portugal Produtos da Construção e Indústria, S.A. como elemento do Departamento Técnico. O trabalho desenvolvido incide sobre a escolha de soluções de reabilitação e na avaliação preliminar do estado de conservação dos edifícios outrora reabilitados com soluções Sika®. A primeira parte deste relatório descreve a adaptação do método de avaliação do estado de conservação de edifícios (MAEC) de forma a realizar esta avaliação apenas no sistema construtivo que compõe a fachada, aplicado num estudo desenvolvido para 100 obras de reabilitação em edifícios distribuídos no território nacional. Numa segunda parte do relatório são apresentados documentos desenvolvidos durante a actividade profissional aquando de visitas às obras e respectivas análises preliminares e especificações técnicas. Nesta segunda parte do relatório mais relacionada com as actividades diárias são ainda apresentados documentos técnicos de apoio a tecnologias e ou selecção de soluções mais adequadas às exigências e necessidades de comportamento dos materiais. É ainda abordado o tema sustentabilidade que actualmente é uma das preocupações nas escolhas e tomadas de decisão de soluções para a reabilitação e construção nova. Apresenta-se ainda um estudo realizado em laboratório que visa determinar o comprimento de amarração de fios ou cordões de pré-esforço colados com resina epoxy a provetes de diferentes tipos de pedra natural.

Avaliação de riscos ambientais e profissionais na indústria metalomecânica

A preservação e proteção do ambiente são, cada vez mais, de elevada importância. Para fazer face ao grande consumo de bens, que se verifica nos dias de hoje, a atividade industrial tem aumentado, assim como os resíduos, as emissões, os efluentes e ainda os resíduos de produtos em fim de vida, provocando impactes no meio ambiente, com alterações significativas que se manifestam a nível das condições climáticas e, consequentemente, afetam a qualidade de vida das pessoas a sua segurança e saúde, bem como a fauna e a flora. O presente estudo tem por objetivo identificar as principais atividades desenvolvidas na indústria metalomecânica, identificar os principais aspetos e impactes ambientais, bem como os perigos e riscos profissionais associados às atividades deste setor, identificar a principal legislação em vigor em matéria ambiental e de segurança e saúde no trabalho, selecionar e analisar metodologias de avaliação de riscos ambientais e profissionais e aplicar estas metodologias num estudo de caso numa empresa metalomecânica, tendo em vista comparar os resultados das avaliações, por duas metodologias diferentes, dos riscos ambientais e profissionais e daí tirar conclusões. A vantagem da aplicação de duas metodologias diferentes na avaliação de riscos ambientais e profissionais é a de poder aferir se os resultados são idênticos independentemente da metodologia utilizada. Após a aplicação das duas metodologias, com critérios de avaliação diferentes, selecionadas para avaliação dos riscos ambientais, concluiu-se que as metodologias apresentam resultados semelhantes, o mesmo aconteceu com as duas metodologias, com critérios de avaliação, também, diferentes, selecionadas para avaliação dos riscos profissionais em que as duas metodologias apresentaram os mesmos resultados.