Introduction to the special issue on real world applications of intelligent tutoring systems

The idea behind creating this special issue on real world applications of intelligent tutoring systems was to bring together in a single publication some of the most important examples of success in the use of ITS technology. This will serve as a reference to all researchers working in the area. It will also be an important resource for the industry, showing the maturity of ITS technology and creating an atmosphere for funding new ITS projects. Simultaneously, it will be valuable to academic groups, motivating students for new ideas of ITS and promoting new academic research work in the area.

New biomimetic sensors for the determination of tetracycline in biological samples: batch and flow mode operations

New potentiometric membrane sensors with cylindrical configuration for tetracycline (TC) are described based on the use of a newly designed molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) material consisting of 2-vinylpyridine as a functional monomer in a plasticized PVC membrane. The sensor exhibited significantly enhanced response towards TC over the concentration range 1.59 10 5–1.0 10 3 mol L 1 at pH 3–5 with a lower detection limit of 1.29 10 5 mol L 1. The response was near-Nernstian, with average slopes of 63.9 mV decade 1. The effect of lipophilic salts and various foreign common ions were tested and were found to be negligible. The possibility of applying the proposed sensor to TC determination in spiked biological fluid samples was demonstrated.

Delamination analysis of carbon fibre reinforced laminates: evaluation of a special step drill

Drilling of carbon fibre/epoxy laminates is usually carried out using standard drills. However, it is necessary to adapt the processes and/or tooling as the risk of delamination, or other damages, is high. These problems can affect mechanical properties of produced parts, therefore, lower reliability. In this paper, four different drills – three commercial and a special step (prototype) – are compared in terms of thrust force during drilling and delamination. In order to evaluate damage, enhanced radiography is applied. The resulting images were then computational processed using a previously developed image processing and analysis platform. Results show that the prototype drill had encouraging results in terms of maximum thrust force and delamination reduction. Furthermore, it is possible to state that a correct choice of drill geometry, particularly the use of a pilot hole, a conservative cutting speed – 53 m/min – and a low feed rate – 0.025 mm/rev – can help to prevent delamination.

Innovative manufacturing process for hybrid pultruded products based on cork and polymeric pre-shapes

Pultruded products are being targeted by a growing demand due to its excellent mechanical properties and low chemical reactivity, ensuring a low level of maintenance operations and allowing an easier assembly operation process than equivalent steel bars. In order to improve the mechanical drawing process and solve some acoustic and thermal insulation problems, pultruded pipes of glass fibre reinforced plastics (GFRF) can be filled with special products that increase their performance regarding the issues previously referred. The great challenge of this work was drawing a new equipment able to produce pultruded pipes filled with cork or polymeric pre-shaped bars as a continuous process. The project was carried out successfully and the new equipment was built and integrated in the pultrusion equipment already existing, allowing to obtain news products with higher added-value in the market, covering some needs previously identified in the field of civil construction.

Dispersion Modelling of Natural Radionuclides 238U, 232Th and 40K Released from Coal-fired Power Plants Operations

The aim of this work was to simulate the radionuclides dispersion in the surrounding area of a coal-fired power plant, operational during the last 25 years. The dispersion of natural radionuclides (236Ra, 232Th and 40K) was simulated by a Gaussian plume dispersion model with three different stability classes estimating the radionuclides concentration at ground level. Measurements of the environmen-tal activity concentrations were carried out by γ-spectrometry and compared with results from the air dispersion and deposition model which showed that the stabil-ity class D causes the dispersion to longer distances up to 20 km from the stacks.

Expatriates’ influence on knowledge sharing: an empirical study with International portuguese companies

Despite the abundant literature in knowledge management, few empirical studies have explored knowledge management in connection with international assignees. This phenomenon has a special relevance in the Portuguese context, since (a) there are no empirical studies concerning this issue that involves international Portuguese companies; (b) the national business reality is incipient as far as internationalisation is concerned, and; (c) the organisational and national culture presents characteristics that are distinctive from the most highly studied contexts (e.g., Asia, USA, Scandinavian countries, Spain, France, The Netherlands, Germany, England and Russia). We examine the role of expatriates in transfer and knowledge sharing within the Portuguese companies with operations abroad. We focus specifically on expatriates’ role on knowledge sharing connected to international Portuguese companies and our findings take into account organizational representatives’ and expatriates’ perspectives. Using a comparative case study approach, we examine how three main dimensions influence the role of expatriates in knowledge sharing among headquarters and their subsidiaries (types of international assignment, reasons for using expatriation and international assignment characteristics). Data were collected using semi‐structured interviews to 30 Portuguese repatriates and 14 organizational representatives from seven Portuguese companies. The findings suggest that the reasons that lead Portuguese companies to expatriating employees are connected to: (1) business expansion needs; (2) control of international operations and; (3) transfer and knowledge sharing. Our study also shows that Portuguese companies use international assignments in order to positively respond to the increasingly decaying domestic market in the economic areas in which they operate. Evidence also reveals that expatriation is seen as a strategy to fulfill main organizational objectives through their expatriates (e.g., business internationalization, improvement of the coordination and control level of the units/subsidiaries abroad, replication of aspects of the home base, development and incorporation of new organizational techniques and processes). We also conclude that Portuguese companies have developed an International Human Resources Management strategy, based on an ethnocentric approach, typically associated with companies in early stages of internationalization, i.e., the authority and decision making are centered in the home base. Expatriates have a central role in transmitting culture and technical knowledge from company’s headquarters to the company’s branches. Based on the findings, the article will discuss in detail the main theoretical and managerial implications. Suggestions for further research will also be presented.

Swordfish: an Autonomous Surface Vehicle for Network Centric Operations

The design and development of the swordfish autonomous surface vehicle (ASV) system is discussed. Swordfish is an ocean capable 4.5 m long catamaran designed for network centric operations (with ocean and air going vehicles and human operators). In the basic configuration, Swordfish is both a survey vehicle and a communications node with gateways for broadband, Wi-Fi and GSM transports and underwater acoustic modems. In another configuration, Swordfish mounts a docking station for the autonomous underwater vehicle Isurus from Porto University. Swordfish has an advanced control architecture for multi-vehicle operations with mixed initiative interactions (human operators are allowed to interact with the control loops).

Marine Operations with the SWORDFISH Autonomous Surface Vehicle

IEEE Robótica 2007 - 7th Conference on Mobile Robots and Competitions, Paderne, Portugal 2007

Structured Light System for Underwater Inspection Operations

In this work we propose the development of a stereo SLS system for underwater inspection operations. We demonstrate how to perform a SLS calibration both in dry and underwater environments using two different methods. The proposed methodology is able to achieve quite accurate results, lower than 1 mm in dry environments. We also display a 3D underwater scan of a known object size, a sea scallop, where the system is able to perform a scan with a global error lower than 2% of the object size.

Acompanhamento do Processo de Compostagem e Identificação de Hipóteses de Melhoria, Tendo em Vista a Valorização do Produto Comercializado

A compostagem tem-se revelado uma boa alternativa na gestão, tratamento e valorização de resíduos sólidos urbanos. Dependendo das matérias-primas usadas no processo, os produtos podem ser considerados fertilizantes/corretivos orgânicos com utilidade agrícola. A Suldouro, Valorização e Tratamento de Resíduos Sólidos Urbanos, S.A., é responsável pela gestão, valorização, recuperação e destino final dos Resíduos Sólidos Urbanos (RSU) produzidos em Vila Nova de Gaia e Santa Maria da Feira. Um dos processos do sistema de gestão é a valorização orgânica, que através da compostagem dos resíduos biodegradáveis origina um corretivo orgânico, denominado comercialmente de Agrovida. O objetivo deste trabalho foi caracterizar o composto produzido na Suldouro através da análise de alguns metais, nomeadamente cobre, zinco e chumbo, pois o seu teor condiciona a classe em que o composto está inserido, e da avaliação da razão C/N, visto ser um parâmetro importante para o desenvolvimento dos microrganismos. Um outro objetivo foi a determinação do tempo ótimo de compostagem, através da avaliação da temperatura máxima, recorrendo ao teste de auto-aquecimento usando vasos de Dewar. O estudo da presença de chumbo não chegou a ser realizado, pois a sua concentração era muito baixa (da ordem dos ppb), ou seja, não era limitativa para a utilização do composto. Quanto à análise de cobre e zinco no composto verificou-se que era necessário fazer alterações no processo, no sentido de reduzir estes valores, tanto a nível da qualidade dos resíduos usados como matéria-prima como a nível da limpeza, essencial depois das operações de manutenção aos pulpers. Em relação à razão C/N esta apresenta valores muito elevados, ou seja, uma quantidade de azoto total muito baixa, indicativa de que seria necessário acrescentar, no início do processo, resíduos mais ricos em azoto. A análise do teste de auto-aquecimento indica que o tempo necessário para a estabilização e maturação das pilhas de compostagem é superior a 3 meses. Assim, sugerem-se melhorias a nível da qualidade do resíduo, tentando incluir resíduos mais facilmente biodegradáveis, uma redução da altura da pilha proporcionando um melhor arejamento ou em alternativa proceder periodicamente ao seu revolvimento como complemento à insuflação de ar. Para concluir, neste trabalho foi realizada uma pesquisa sobre processos de valorização energética, alternativas potenciais à valorização orgânica, tendo sido dado especial relevo a um dos processos, a carbonização hidrotérmica (HTC).

Water jet based autonomous surface vehicle for coastal waters operations

This paper presents the design of low cost, small autonomous surface vehicle for missions in the coastal waters and specifically for the challenging surf zone. The main objective of the vehicle design described in this paper is to address both the capability of operation at sea in relative challenging conditions and maintain a very low set of operational requirements (ease of deployment). This vehicle provides a first step towards being able to perform general purpose missions (such as data gathering or patrolling) and to at least in a relatively short distances to be able to be used in rescue operations (with very low handling requirements) such as carrying support to humans on the water. The USV is based on a commercially available fiber glass hull, it uses a directional waterjet powered by an electrical brushless motor for propulsion, thus without any protruding propeller reducing danger in rescue operations. Its small dimensions (1.5 m length) and weight allow versatility and ease of deployment. The vehicle design is described in this paper both from a hardware and software point of view. A characterization of the vehicle in terms of energy consumption and performance is provided both from test tank and operational scenario tests. An example application in search and rescue is also presented and discussed with the integration of this vehicle in the European ICARUS (7th framework) research project addressing the development and integration of robotic tools for large scale search and rescue operations.

Performance of state space and ARIMA models for consumer retail sales forecasting

Forecasting future sales is one of the most important issues that is beyond all strategic and planning decisions in effective operations of retail businesses. For profitable retail businesses, accurate demand forecasting is crucial in organizing and planning production, purchasing, transportation and labor force. Retail sales series belong to a special type of time series that typically contain trend and seasonal patterns, presenting challenges in developing effective forecasting models. This work compares the forecasting performance of state space models and ARIMA models. The forecasting performance is demonstrated through a case study of retail sales of five different categories of women footwear: Boots, Booties, Flats, Sandals and Shoes. On both methodologies the model with the minimum value of Akaike's Information Criteria for the in-sample period was selected from all admissible models for further evaluation in the out-of-sample. Both one-step and multiple-step forecasts were produced. The results show that when an automatic algorithm the overall out-of-sample forecasting performance of state space and ARIMA models evaluated via RMSE, MAE and MAPE is quite similar on both one-step and multi-step forecasts. We also conclude that state space and ARIMA produce coverage probabilities that are close to the nominal rates for both one-step and multi-step forecasts.

A área curricular de matemática nos programas educativos individuais

Em acordo com o Dec. Lei nº 3/2008 de 7 de janeiro e para alunos com necessidades educativas especiais a medida currículo específico individual é considerada a mais restritiva de todas as medidas educativas. A área disciplinar da matemática, pela sua aplicabilidade no quotidiano, assume primordial importância no Programa Educativo Individual (PEI) destes alunos. Assim, o presente estudo visa analisar a área curricular de matemática dos PEI de alunos a frequentar o 2º e 3º ciclo de ensino básico ao abrigo da medida educativa currículo específico individual (CEI); visa igualmente constatar que seleção de conteúdos programáticos são percecionados como prioritários para a equipa que elabora o PEI. Em suma, o estudo visa compreender alguns aspetos que, de forma direta ou indireta, interagem com a elaboração do currículo. Tem, ainda, um caráter exploratório e está apoiado numa metodologia de natureza qualitativa e quantitativa (numa dimensão descritiva) que procede à análise documental de excertos (área curricular de matemática) dos Programas Educativos Individuais (PEI). Para o efeito foram analisados 50 PEI que identificaram regularidades relativas aos diferentes conteúdos e à extensão de cada conteúdo. Os resultados evidenciam uma escolha maioritária de conteúdos matemáticos associados ao programa do 1º ano do 1º ciclo do ensino básico e, simultaneamente, de descritores associados aos números e operações. Os resultados permitem extrapolar acerca da interação entre níveis de programação e de funcionalidade dos alunos em CEI e requerem mais estudos que sustentem aquelas evidências e clarifiquem variáveis que interagem na elaboração do currículo.

Balancing and lot-sizing mixed-model lines in the footwear industry

This report describes the full research proposal for the project \Balancing and lot-sizing mixed-model lines in the footwear industry", to be developed as part of the master program in Engenharia Electrotécnica e de Computadores - Sistemas de Planeamento Industrial of the Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto. The Portuguese footwear industry is undergoing a period of great development and innovation. The numbers speak for themselves, Portugal footwear exported 71 million pairs of shoes to over 130 countries in 2012. It is a diverse sector, which covers different categories of women, men and children shoes, each of them with various models. New and technologically advanced mixed-model assembly lines are being projected and installed to replace traditional mass assembly lines. Obviously there is a need to manage them conveniently and to improve their operations. This work focuses on balancing and lot-sizing stitching mixed-model lines in a real world environment. For that purpose it will be fundamental to develop and evaluate adequate effective solution methods. Different objectives may be considered, which are relevant for the companies, such as minimizing the number of workstations, and minimizing the makespan, while taking into account a lot of practical restrictions. The solution approaches will be based on approximate methods, namely by resorting to metaheuristics. To show the impact of having different lots in production the initial maximum amount for each lot is changed and a Tabu Search based procedure is used to improve the solutions. The developed approaches will be evaluated and tested. A special attention will be given to the solution of real applied problems. Future work may include the study of other neighbourhood structures related to Tabu Search and the development of ways to speed up the evaluation of neighbours, as well as improving the balancing solution method.