Phonological and articulation treatment approaches in Portuguese children with speech and language impairments: a randomized controlled intervention study

Background: In Portugal, the routine clinical practice of speech and language therapists (SLTs) in treating children with all types of speech sound disorder (SSD) continues to be articulation therapy (AT). There is limited use of phonological therapy (PT) or phonological awareness training in Portugal. Additionally, at an international level there is a focus on collecting information on and differentiating between the effectiveness of PT and AT for children with different types of phonologically based SSD, as well as on the role of phonological awareness in remediating SSD. It is important to collect more evidence for the most effective and efficient type of intervention approach for different SSDs and for these data to be collected from diverse linguistic and cultural perspectives. Aims: To evaluate the effectiveness of a PT and AT approach for treatment of 14 Portuguese children, aged 4.0–6.7 years, with a phonologically based SSD. Methods & Procedures: The children were randomly assigned to one of the two treatment approaches (seven children in each group). All children were treated by the same SLT, blind to the aims of the study, over three blocks of a total of 25 weekly sessions of intervention. Outcome measures of phonological ability (percentage of consonants correct (PCC), percentage occurrence of different phonological processes and phonetic inventory) were taken before and after intervention. A qualitative assessment of intervention effectiveness from the perspective of the parents of participants was included. Outcomes & Results: Both treatments were effective in improving the participants’ speech, with the children receiving PT showing a more significant improvement in PCC score than those receiving the AT. Children in the PT group also showed greater generalization to untreated words than those receiving AT. Parents reported both intervention approaches to be as effective in improving their children’s speech. Conclusions & Implications: The PT (combination of expressive phonological tasks, phonological awareness, listening and discrimination activities) proved to be an effective integrated method of improving phonological SSD in children. These findings provide some evidence for Portuguese SLTs to employ PT with children with phonologically based SSD

Avaliação e promoção da leitura na formação de adultos com incapacidade intelectual

A promoção de competências de leitura é um tema central, tanto na educação regular, como na educação especial em crianças em idade pré-escolar e escolar. Todavia, as competências de leitura de indivíduos adultos com incapacidade intelectual são um domínio muito pouco estudado. São também escassos os estudos direcionados à avaliação dessas competências. Esta investigação propõe uma tradução/ adaptação do APAR (Assessment of Phonological Awareness and Reading), um protocolo de avaliação da consciência fonológica (CF) e da leitura especificamente concebido para a população em estudo. Procura-se também analisar os processos cognitivos envolvidos na leitura nos quais a intervenção produzirá resultados mais significativos e confirmar uma relação positiva entre a avaliação prévia de competências escolares em contexto formativo profissional e o efetivo desenvolvimento de competências de leitura. Foram avaliadas em dois momentos (pré e pós-teste) a CF e competências de leitura de 12 adultos com incapacidade intelectual ligeira, sendo estes sujeitos a um programa de intervenção, visando áreas menos desenvolvidas das suas competências que possibilitassem desempenhos de leitura mais fortes. Ao nível da análise quantitativa, foram comparados os resultados obtidos nos dois momentos de administração. No tratamento estatístico recorreu-se a análises de correlação de Spearman para determinar a presença de indicadores de desempenho ao nível da CF e ao cálculo de coeficientes de correlação de Pearson e Spearman para controlar variáveis externas como idade, sexo e habilitações literárias. Os resultados obtidos revelam desempenhos fracos ao nível da leitura/ compreensão textual e, em particular, da CF em pré-teste e ganhos significativos globais após implementação de uma intervenção baseada em medidas de avaliação prévia de competências de leitura/compreensão e CF

O treino da perceção visual e da consciência fonológica como promotor da fluência da leitura num aluno do 2º ciclo do ensino básico

Aprender a ler é um dos maiores desafios que as crianças enfrentam quando entram para a escola. A dificuldade no domínio do código alfabético, nos níveis da consciência fonológica e a falta de fluência na leitura são fatores que interferem em larga escala na aprendizagem global dos alunos. Habilitar um aluno para a prática da leitura é um estímulo que tem vindo a dar origem a várias investigações e intervenções no campo da educação. Este projeto descreve dois programas de treino: “Programa de treino da percepção Visual” e “Programa de promoção do desenvolvimento da consciência fonológica”, num aluno do 2º ciclo do ensino básico com dificuldade de fluência na leitura, ao longo de quinze aulas de 90 minutos. No que respeita aos resultados do primeiro estudo, que teve por base o “Programa de treino da percepção visual”, não foram encontradas diferenças relevantes quanto ao seu efeito na fluência da leitura do aluno. No entanto, no segundo estudo, que se centrou na aplicação do “Programa de promoção do desenvolvimento da consciência fonológica” em complemento com o “Programa de treino da percepção visual”, mostrou que o aluno ficou mais fluente na leitura diminuindo o número de erros de precisão (substituições, omissões, inversões, adições e erros complexos). Assim, sugere-se uma monotorização sistemática das aprendizagens dos alunos para que as intervenções possam ser cada vez mais precoces e direcionadas para as suas necessidades.

Intercultural awareness through. Digital storytelling

In today’s globalized world, communication students need to be capable of efficiently communicating across the globe. At ISCAP, part of the 3rd year syllabus in Translation and New Technologies course is focused on culture and the need to be culturally knowledgeable. We argue the approach to incorporate cultural aspects in HE needs to be studentcentered, in order to encompass not only intercultural awareness, but also the 21st century skills students need to be successful and competent citizens. Additionally, as studies have shown, the manipulation of digital tools fosters greater student involvement in learning activities. We have adopted Digital Storytelling - multimodal storytelling technique - to promote a personal, student-centered reflection on intercultural communication. We intend to present student and teacher perspectives on this learning experience and assess its relevance in HE contexts, based on the content analysis of student expressed perspectives on this activity as well as a multimodal analysis of the digital stories created. A preliminary analysis of our case study has demonstrated that Digital Storytelling potentiates two complimentary types of reflection: on the one hand, students felt the need to reflect on their own intercultural knowledge, create and adapt their finding in the form of a story; on the other hand, viewing others’ stories they have raised questions and demonstrated points of view otherwise ignored.

Contextual and Environmental Awareness Laboratory for Energy Consumption Management

The recent changes on power systems paradigm requires the active participation of small and medium players in energy management. With an electricity price fluctuation these players must manage the consumption. Lowering costs and ensuring adequate user comfort levels. Demand response can improve the power system management and bring benefits for the small and medium players. The work presented in this paper, which is developed aiming the smart grid context, can also be used in the current power system paradigm. The proposed system is the combination of several fields of research, namely multi-agent systems and artificial neural networks. This system is physically implemented in our laboratories and it is used daily by researchers. The physical implementation gives the system an improvement in the proof of concept, distancing itself from the conventional systems. This paper presents a case study illustrating the simulation of real-time pricing in a laboratory.

Effects of treatment, awareness and condom use in a coinfection model for HIV and HCV in MSM

We develop a new a coinfection model for hepatitis C virus (HCV) and the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). We consider treatment for both diseases, screening, unawareness and awareness of HIV infection, and the use of condoms. We study the local stability of the disease-free equilibria for the full model and for the two submodels (HCV only and HIV only submodels). We sketch bifurcation diagrams for different parameters, such as the probabilities that a contact will result in a HIV or an HCV infection. We present numerical simulations of the full model where the HIV, HCV and double endemic equilibria can be observed. We also show numerically the qualitative changes of the dynamical behavior of the full model for variation of relevant parameters. We extrapolate the results from the model for actual measures that could be implemented in order to reduce the number of infected individuals.