Depreciações de activos fixos tangíveis: o impacto da alteração dos métodos de depreciação nos resultados das entidades

Dissertação para obtenção do Grau de Mestre em Contabilidade e Finanças Orientadora: Mestre Helena Maria Santos de Oliveira

On the use of IEEE 802.15.4/Zigbee for time-sensitive wireless sensor network applications

Mestrado em Engenharia Electrotécnica e de Computadores

Concepção de um reactor batch multifunções

Mestrado em Engenharia Química

Arquitecturas e ferramentas para gestão de redes e sistemas: estudo de um caso

Mestrado em Engenharia Informática - Área de Especialização em Arquitecturas, Sistemas e Redes

Cycle time properties of the PROFIBUS timed-token protocol

A recent trend in distributed computer-controlled systems (DCCS) is to interconnect the distributed computing elements by means of multi-point broadcast networks. Since the network medium is shared between a number of network nodes, access contention exists and must be solved by a medium access control (MAC) protocol. Usually, DCCS impose real-time constraints. In essence, by real-time constraints we mean that traffic must be sent and received within a bounded interval, otherwise a timing fault is said to occur. This motivates the use of communication networks with a MAC protocol that guarantees bounded access and response times to message requests. PROFIBUS is a communication network in which the MAC protocol is based on a simplified version of the timed-token protocol. In this paper we address the cycle time properties of the PROFIBUS MAC protocol, since the knowledge of these properties is of paramount importance for guaranteeing the real-time behaviour of a distributed computer-controlled system which is supported by this type of network.

An improved preemption delay upper bound for floating non-preemptive region

In embedded systems, the timing behaviour of the control mechanisms are sometimes of critical importance for the operational safety. These high criticality systems require strict compliance with the offline predicted task execution time. The execution of a task when subject to preemption may vary significantly in comparison to its non-preemptive execution. Hence, when preemptive scheduling is required to operate the workload, preemption delay estimation is of paramount importance. In this paper a preemption delay estimation method for floating non-preemptive scheduling policies is presented. This work builds on [1], extending the model and optimising it considerably. The preemption delay function is subject to a major tightness improvement, considering the WCET analysis context. Moreover more information is provided as well in the form of an extrinsic cache misses function, which enables the method to provide a solution in situations where the non-preemptive regions sizes are small. Finally experimental results from the implementation of the proposed solutions in Heptane are provided for real benchmarks which validate the significance of this work.

The dark side of DEMMON: what is behind the scene in engineering large-scale wireless sensor networks

Most research work on WSNs has focused on protocols or on specific applications. There is a clear lack of easy/ready-to-use WSN technologies and tools for planning, implementing, testing and commissioning WSN systems in an integrated fashion. While there exists a plethora of papers about network planning and deployment methodologies, to the best of our knowledge none of them helps the designer to match coverage requirements with network performance evaluation. In this paper we aim at filling this gap by presenting an unified toolset, i.e., a framework able to provide a global picture of the system, from the network deployment planning to system test and validation. This toolset has been designed to back up the EMMON WSN system architecture for large-scale, dense, real-time embedded monitoring. It includes network deployment planning, worst-case analysis and dimensioning, protocol simulation and automatic remote programming and hardware testing tools. This toolset has been paramount to validate the system architecture through DEMMON1, the first EMMON demonstrator, i.e., a 300+ node test-bed, which is, to the best of our knowledge, the largest single-site WSN test-bed in Europe to date.

Dimensioning and worst-case analysis of cluster-tree sensor networks

Modeling the fundamental performance limits of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) is of paramount importance to understand their behavior under the worst-case conditions and to make the appropriate design choices. This is particular relevant for time-sensitive WSN applications, where the timing behavior of the network protocols (message transmission must respect deadlines) impacts on the correct operation of these applications. In that direction this paper contributes with a methodology based on Network Calculus, which enables quick and efficient worst-case dimensioning of static or even dynamically changing cluster-tree WSNs where the data sink can either be static or mobile. We propose closed-form recurrent expressions for computing the worst-case end-to-end delays, buffering and bandwidth requirements across any source-destination path in a cluster-tree WSN. We show how to apply our methodology to the case of IEEE 802.15.4/ZigBee cluster-tree WSNs. Finally, we demonstrate the validity and analyze the accuracy of our methodology through a comprehensive experimental study using commercially available technology, namely TelosB motes running TinyOS.

On the capacity of cluster-tree ZigBee networks

Modeling the fundamental performance limits of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) is of paramount importance to understand their behavior under worst-case conditions and to make the appropriate design choices. In that direction this paper contributes with an analytical methodology for modeling cluster-tree WSNs where the data sink can either be static or mobile. We assess the validity and pessimism of analytical model by comparing the worst-case results with the values measured through an experimental test-bed based on Commercial-Off- The-Shelf (COTS) technologies, namely TelosB motes running TinyOS.

Implementing multicore real-time scheduling algorithms based on task splitting using ada 2012

Multiprocessors, particularly in the form of multicores, are becoming standard building blocks for executing reliable software. But their use for applications with hard real-time requirements is non-trivial. Well-known realtime scheduling algorithms in the uniprocessor context (Rate-Monotonic [1] or Earliest-Deadline-First [1]) do not perform well on multiprocessors. For this reason the scientific community in the area of real-time systems has produced new algorithms specifically for multiprocessors. In the meanwhile, a proposal [2] exists for extending the Ada language with new basic constructs which can be used for implementing new algorithms for real-time scheduling; the family of task splitting algorithms is one of them which was emphasized in the proposal [2]. Consequently, assessing whether existing task splitting multiprocessor scheduling algorithms can be implemented with these constructs is paramount. In this paper we present a list of state-of-art task-splitting multiprocessor scheduling algorithms and, for each of them, we present detailed Ada code that uses the new constructs.

Bridge architecture to interconnect hybrid wired/wireless PROFIBUS networks

The integration of wired and wireless technologies in modern manufacturing plants is now of paramount importance for the competitiveness of any industry. Being PROFIBUS the most widely used technology in use for industrial communications, several solutions have been proposed to provide PROFIBUS networks with wireless communications. One of them, the bridge-based hybrid wired/wireless PROFIBUS network approach, proposes an architecture in which the Intermediate Systems operate at Data Link Layer level, as bridges. In this paper, we propose an architecture for the implementation of such a bridge and the required protocols to handle communication between stations in different domains and the mobility of wireless stations.

Real-time communications over cluster-tree sensor networks with mobile sink behaviour

Modelling the fundamental performance limits of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) is of paramount importance to understand the behaviour of WSN under worst case conditions and to make the appropriate design choices. In that direction, this paper contributes with a methodology for modelling cluster tree WSNs with a mobile sink. We propose closed form recurrent expressions for computing the worst case end to end delays, buffering and bandwidth requirements across any source-destination path in the cluster tree assuming error free channel. We show how to apply our theoretical results to the specific case of IEEE 802.15.4/ZigBee WSNs. Finally, we demonstrate the validity and analyze the accuracy of our methodology through a comprehensive experimental study, therefore validating the theoretical results through experimentation.

Estudo da importância do transporte ferroviário de mercadorias no Eixo Leixões- Salamanca

A evolução dos transportes de mercadorias, em Portugal e na União Europeia, assume uma enorme repercussão na economia global, de modo que a combinação dos vários modos de transporte, com vista à obtenção de ganhos ao nível da eficiência, adquire extrema importância. Os programas europeus de apoio aos transportes, enquadrados na rede transeuropeia de transportes e plataformas logísticas, também contribuem para a otimização do transporte de mercadorias. A importância do transporte ferroviário de mercadorias no eixo Leixões- Salamanca, nomeadamente para as empresas exportadoras e importadoras da região norte e centro, que utilizam meios alternativos ao ferroviário, constitui o principal objetivo desta dissertação. A revisão bibliográfica inclui uma abordagem aos transportes de mercadorias em geral e de forma mais aprofundada aos modos ferroviário e rodoviário na península ibérica, passando pela logística, bem como pela integração de modos: intermodalidade e multimodalidade na rede europeia de transportes e ainda a referência aos portos secos e às plataformas logísticas. Isto permite caraterizar as diferentes empresas operadoras do setor dos transportes de mercadorias e os produtos transacionados, assim como enumerar vantagens e/ou desvantagens do meio de transporte ferroviário face a outros meios, mais concretamente no eixo alvo deste estudo. A metodologia utilizada consiste na análise de informação proveniente de fontes secundárias havendo lugar a uma referência mais detalhada sobre as plataformas logísticas de Leixões e Salamanca, o eixo E-80, o corredor ferroviário nº4 e os programas europeus promotores da eficiência no transporte ferroviário de mercadorias: Marathon, Ferremed e Marco Polo. Para a recolha de informação primária o instrumento adotado foi a entrevista semiestruturada, efetuada a dois representantes da empresa CP-Carga e a um representante da empresa KLog, ambas as empresas ligadas ao setor dos transportes e logística. A análise e tratamento de toda a informação recolhida possibilitam, desde logo, evidenciar as potencialidades do eixo Leixões-Salamanca no que se refere ao transporte ferroviário de mercadorias, delinear recomendações para a sua otimização, bem como efetuar uma análise SWOT. As considerações finais revelam que é imperativo adotar medidas, de forma integrada, para que o seu efeito na potenciação do transporte ferroviário de mercadorias, não só no eixo Leixões-Salamanca, mas também a nível europeu, se afirme como uma verdadeira alternativa a outros modos, particularmente ao domínio rodoviário.

Cultural Intelligence Scale: Validation in a Multicultural Setting of Erasmus Mundus Students and Alumni

Purpose: This work aims at further developing and testing the psychometric properties of the Cultural Intelligence Scale (Ang & Van Dyne, 2006) in an Erasmus Mundus Students and Alumni Population, including reliability. Design Methodology: The study included 626 participants from 109 different countries that emcompasses 6 continents. Exploratory and Confirmatory Factor Analysis procedures were carried out in order to test the scale in a multicultural scale of Erasmus Mundus Students. Reliability was assessed using Cronbach Alpha. Results: The scale presents excellent psychometric properties with alpha values that range from .84 to .90. Exploratory and Confirmatory Factor Analyses demonstrated that the original model of the scale presents an exceptionally good fit. Limitations: The present study was conducted using a convenience sample and online questionnaires that limit its conclusions when we consider the globality of the Erasmus Mundus Students. Research/Practical Implications: This study presents evidence that Ang and Van Dyne’s scale is an adequate measure instrument to assess intercultural intelligence in a multicultural setting of students and alumni. Originality/Value: Multicultural samples and studies are becoming more and more present and relevant; the study of intercultural competences and habilities is becoming increasingly important, and in this task, solid psychometric instruments are of paramount importance. This study presents evidence that Ang and Van Dyne’s (2006) scale is a fairly recent and parsimonious instrument with excellent psychometric properties properties.

O relato financeiro e a contabilidade forense

Dissertação de Mestrado apresentada ao Instituto Superior de Contabilidade e Administração do Porto para a obtenção do grau de Mestre em Contabilidade e Finanças, sob orientação do Dr. Rodrigo Mário de Oliveira Carvalho