Cyclotech - contribution to solve the Technetium shortage by using low energy medical cyclotrons

This paper presents work in progress, to develop an efficient and economic way to directly produce Technetium 99metastable (99mTc) using low-energy cyclotrons. Its importance is well established and relates with the increased global trouble in delivering 99mTc to Nuclear Medicine Departments relying on this radioisotope. Since the present delivery strategy has clearly demonstrated its intrinsic limits, our group decided to follow a distinct approach that uses the broad distribution of the low energy cyclotrons and the accessibility of Molybdenum 100 (100Mo) as the Target material. This is indeed an important issue to consider, since the system here presented, named CYCLOTECH, it is not based on the use of Highly Enriched (or even Low Enriched) Uranium 235 (235U), so entirely complying with the actual international trends and directives concerning the use of this potential highly critical material. The production technique is based on the nuclear reaction 100Mo (p,2n) 99mTc whose production yields have already been documented. Until this moment two Patent requests have already been submitted (the first at the INPI, in Portugal, and the second at the USPTO, in the USA); others are being prepared for submission on a near future. The object of the CYCLOTECH system is to present 99mTc to Nuclear Medicine radiopharmacists in a routine, reliable and efficient manner that, remaining always flexible, entirely blends with established protocols. To facilitate workflow and Radiation Protection measures, it has been developed a Target Station that can be installed on most of the existing PET cyclotrons and that will tolerate up to 400 μA of beam by allowing the beam to strike the Target material at an adequately oblique angle. The Target Station permits the remote and automatic loading and discharge of the Targets from a carriage of 10 Target bodies. On other hand, several methods of Target material deposition and Target substrates are presented. The object was to create a cost effective means of depositing and intermediate the target material thickness (25 - 100μm) with a minimum of loss on a substrate that is able to easily transport the heat associated with high beam currents. Finally, the separation techniques presented are a combination of both physical and column chemistry. The object was to extract and deliver 99mTc in the identical form now in use in radiopharmacies worldwide. In addition, the Target material is recovered and can be recycled.

Innovations in technology: a friendly math project and the learning analytics “challenge”

Currently the world around us "reboots" every minute and “staying at the forefront” seems to be a very arduous task. The continuous and “speeded” progress of society requires, from all the actors, a dynamic and efficient attitude both in terms progress monitoring and moving adaptation. With regard to education, no matter how updated we are in relation to the contents, the didactic strategies and technological resources, we are inevitably compelled to adapt to new paradigms and rethink the traditional teaching methods. It is in this context that the contribution of e-learning platforms arises. Here teachers and students have at their disposal new ways to enhance the teaching and learning process, and these platforms are seen, at the present time, as significant virtual teaching and learning supporting environments. This paper presents a Project and attempts to illustrate the potential that new technologies present as a “backing” tool in different stages of teaching and learning at different levels and areas of knowledge, particularly in Mathematics. We intend to promote a constructive discussion moment, exposing our actual perception - that the use of the Learning Management System Moodle, by Higher Education teachers, as supplementary teaching-learning environment for virtual classroom sessions can contribute for greater efficiency and effectiveness of teaching practice and to improve student achievement. Regarding the Learning analytics experience we will present a few results obtained with some assessment Learning Analytics tools, where we profoundly felt that the assessment of students’ performance in online learning environments is a challenging and demanding task.

Ventiladores pulmonares: definição do método de calibração / ensaio, aplicação regulamentar e estudo da situação atual

A crescente incorporação das evoluções tecnológicas nos equipamentos médicos modernos, além de os tornar mais compactos e precisos, proporciona igualmente ganhos de outros benefícios importantes, especialmente ao nível da eficiência das terapias prescritas aos pacientes. Os sofisticados ventiladores pulmonares de cuidados intensivos do presente espelham perfeitamente esta realidade e por isso necessitam de procedimentos técnicos de verificação metrológica – calibrações, também eles mais exatos e rastreáveis, de modo a fornecerem informações corretas sobre se o estado de funcionamento de um determinado ventilador cumpre ou não as tolerâncias declaradas pelo seu fabricante. Através da presente dissertação pretendeu-se desenvolver um procedimento técnico de calibração dos ventiladores de cuidados intensivos tendo-se estudado, para esta finalidade, os equipamentos de calibração específicos disponíveis no mercado, a normalização e o enquadramento regulamentar do controlo metrológico aplicáveis, bem como o princípio de funcionamento do ventilador pulmonar e a evolução da ventilação mecânica ocorrida. No domínio da abordagem efetuada sobre o âmbito da metrologia, implementou-se a determinação das incertezas dos resultados das calibrações efetuadas pelo procedimento técnico desenvolvido, de acordo com a metodologia constante do GUM1. Considerando ainda os défices significativos de conhecimento da metrologia e da prática do controlo metrológico no setor da saúde, a par dos riscos inerentes para os próprios pacientes, procura-se contribuir com este trabalho, de uma forma transversal e ampla, para uma maior consciencialização, quer dos profissionais de saúde, quer dos gestores envolvidos, para a relevância da realização das calibrações periódicas dos complexos equipamentos de suporte de vida que são os ventiladores pulmonares de cuidados intensivos.