25 resultados para Managerial Accountability
em Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Portugal
Resumo:
There has been a growing interest in research on performance measurement and management practices, which seems to reflect researchers’ response to calls for the need to increase the relevance of management accounting research. However, despite the development of the new public management literature, studies involving public sector organizations are relatively small compared to those involving business organizations and extremely limited when it comes to public primary health care organizations. Yet, the economic significance of public health care organizations in the economy of developed countries and the criticisms these organizations regularly face from the public suggests there is a need for research. This is particularly true in the case of research that may lead to improvement in performance measurement and management practices and ultimately to improvements in the way health care organizations use their limited resources in the provision of services to the communities. This study reports on a field study involving three public primary health care organisations. The evidence obtained from interviews and archival data suggests a performance management practices in these institutions lacked consistency and coherence, potentially leading to decreased performance. Hierarchical controls seemed to be very weak and accountability limited, leading to a lack of direction, low motivation and, in some circumstances to insufficient managerial abilities and skills. Also, the performance management systems revealed a number of weaknesses, which suggests that there are various opportunities for improvement in performance in the studied organisations.
Resumo:
In the context of the Bologna Declaration a change is taking place in the teaching/learning paradigm. From teaching-centered education, which emphasizes the acquisition and transmission of knowledge, we now speak of learning-centered education, which is more demanding for students. This paradigm promotes a continuum of lifelong learning, where the individual needs to be able to handle knowledge, to select what is appropriate for a particular context, to learn permanently and to understand how to learn in new and rapidly changing situations. One attempt to face these challenges has been the experience of ISCAP regarding the teaching/learning of accounting in the course Managerial Simulation. This paper describes the process of teaching, learning and assessment in an action-based learning environment. After a brief general framework that focuses on education objectives, we report the strengths and limitations of this teaching/learning tool. We conclude with some lessons from the implementation of the project.
Resumo:
A maioria das nações mais desenvolvidas deve, em larga medida, a sua prosperidade à produtividade da sua força de trabalho. Esta produtividade relaciona-se, fundamentalmente, com dois aspectos essenciais. Por um lado, com o nível e adequação das qualificações e competências da população activa, as quais permitem desenvolver o empreendedorismo e criar riqueza e, por outro, com a qualidade e grau de sofisticação dos equipamentos, tecnologias, modelos de organização e sistemas de gestão de que as empresas dispõem. Nesta comunicação, elaborada por convite para apresentação na sessão comemorativa do 20º aniversário da AFTEM, no Porto, após a contextualização das exigências do mercado de trabalho em resultado da inovação empresarial e da emergência das economias baseadas no conhecimento, apresentam-se alguns estudos recentemente concluídos em diversos países e regiões da OCDE, nomeadamente, Austrália, Irlanda, Reino Unido e Escócia – nos quais se foca a necessidade de incrementar o nível de qualificações para responder às necessidades do tecido produtivo por forma a manter a competitividade da indústria e serviços desses países e regiões à escala global; em particular realça-se a importância de se aumentar a percentagem de população activa com nível 4 de qualificação profissional. Aborda-se, ainda, a situação da formação pós secundária não superior em Portugal (nível 4). Conclui-se, formulando algumas recomendações em termos de estratégias e de trabalho futuro com vista a dinamizar as oportunidades de qualificação de nível 4, em estreita articulação com as empresas, como forma de o tecido produtivo nacional dispor de níveis de qualificação de recursos humanos que permitam a mobilidade para novas actividades com maior valor acrescentado e, por esta via, atingir níveis de rentabilidade semelhante à dos restantes estados membros da UE e de outros países da OCDE.
Resumo:
This poster, which is the result of an ongoing PhD thesis project, illustrates how and why the Intellectual Capital (IC) concept can be applied to a seaport. As far as the authors are aware, most of the research in IC has been focused on individual firms. Although some recent papers examine macro-level organizations, such as regions, none exist on seaports. Also, there is a lack of research related to the ways IC is created and maintained as a dynamic process. In addition, there is a paucity of management sciences’ research on to maritime transportation and seaports. Several research questions are thus pertinent, whose answers can have important strategic and managerial implications for the seaport and its stakeholders.
Resumo:
Dissertação apresentada ao ISCAP para a obtenção do Grau de Mestre em Auditoria Orientada por: Prof. Doutora Alcina Dias
Resumo:
Small firms are a major player in development. Thus, entrepreneurship is frequently attached to these rms and it must be present in daily management of factors such as planning and cooperation. We intend to analyze these factors, comparing familiar and non-familiar businesses. This study was conducted in a Portuguese region in the north of Portugal - Vale do Sousa . The results allow us to conclude that even with some managerial di erences it was not possible to identify distinct patterns between them. The main goal of this paper is to open research lines on important issues to distinguish familiar from non-familiar businesses.
Resumo:
The goal of the present paper is to analyse the classic entrepreneurship strategies (Innovation, Risk and Proactivity) in small and medium-sized businesses. However as presented in the title, the study will go further by comparing the results of those strategies in familiar and nonfamiliar businesses. This study was carried on in construction and industry sectors, in the region of Vale do Sousa, in the north of Portugal. In order to classify businesses as familiar or non-familiar types two criterion were adopted: (1) Management Control, (2) Family Employability. On the opposite to some studies that present a larger percentage of familiar businesses in national and European entrepreneurial fabric, the criterion used leaded to a larger number of non-familiar businesses (53%). The results showed that in general SMEs in this region are not following entrepreneurship strategies. Analysing the entire sample without a separation of businesses by nature (familiar/non-familiar) only proactivity showed to be more present in the managerial decisions. There is a lack of innovation and risk culture. Comparing the groups only on proactivity tests was possible to verify some differences. It was concluded that non-familiar businesses are more proactive than familiar ones. Between those groups there are no statistical differences on the means of the variables innovation and risk. At the same time some tests were conducted to test the differences on the variable entrepreneurship. The results were similar to innovation and risk strategies: There are no significant differences on entrepreneurship between these groups of businesses.
Resumo:
O crescimento do sector não lucrativo, por força da criação de novas organizações sem fins lucrativos, tem-se acentuado nos últimos anos tentando dar resposta ao serviço público que a comunidade exige e que o Estado não tem sabido dar resposta. O sector não lucrativo, ou terceiro sector, realiza funções sociais ou culturais relevantes para a sociedade sem o objectivo de produzir lucros. Em Portugal não existem, para este sector, padrões específicos para os modelos de gestão nem tipologias de informação a utilizar pelos seus stakeholders e, por isso, utilizam-se os mesmos moldes do sector empresarial, cumprindo assim a real consistência do isomorfismo mimético. Existe claramente uma diferença entre os objectivos da informação financeira e não financeira nas organizações lucrativas e nas não lucrativas, e essa destrinça tem a ver directamente com os tipos de destinatários e utilizadores da informação. A abordagem às práticas de corporate governance é uma incontornável realidade no mundo organizacional actual face ao crescente aumento das preocupações das organizações enquanto agentes económicos, sociais e políticos. A sociedade exige às organizações não lucrativas transparência e accountability da informação financeira e não financeira (Carvalho & Blanco, 2007a)) e por isso a adopção de práticas de governance pode trazer benefícios na solução de alguns problemas de gestão. Esta investigação pretende, assim, fazer uma revisão de literatura sobre os modelos de governance, numa abordagem à gestão das organizações sem fins lucrativos de âmbito local, contribuindo assim para a possível definição de um modelo de governance próprio para o sector não lucrativo português.
Resumo:
Nas últimas décadas assistimos a transformações económicas, tecnológicas, políticas e sociais, que influenciaram diretamente o modo de pensar e agir nas organizações. O conceito de competências, com uma valorização crescente, surge como uma alternativa à abordagem da gestão de recursos humanos por funções, respondendo aos desafios atuais do mercado: necessidade de flexibilidade, de adaptação a mudanças contínuas, exigências crescentes do mercado e competitividade das organizações nesse mercado. A área da saúde, e concretamente a profissão de Enfermagem também tem evoluído, surgindo em 2009, uma nova forma de operacionalizar a carreira destes profissionais. No que diz respeito aos enfermeiros com funções de gestão, o conteúdo funcional está descrito, contudo, não existe uma definição clara das competências requeridas para estes profissionais. Este trabalho de investigação, de cariz exploratório, utilizando uma metodologia qualitativa, pretendeu propor uma estratégia de definição de um modelo de competências para os enfermeiros com funções de gestão em Portugal. Para isso, definimos categorias de competências, através da análise da literatura e da legislação. Seguiu-se a realização de entrevistas a um painel de doze peritos, e uma análise de conteúdo dos dados (categorização do tipo misto). Procedemos a uma comparação da recolha empírica de competências com as da recolha teórica, e definimos uma lista de 10 competências para as funções de gestão dos enfermeiros: Competências Técnicas de Gestão; Competências Interpessoais; Comunicação; Gestão de Recursos Humanos; Pensamento Crítico; Conhecimento de Políticas de Saúde; Competências Técnicas de Enfermagem; Organização e Planeamento; Trabalho de Equipa; Preocupação pela Qualidade. De forma a complementar o estudo, pretendemos identificar a perceção das lacunas de competências nos enfermeiros com funções de gestão, e identificar os processos de desenvolvimento de competências considerados mais relevantes para estes profissionais. As lacunas identificadas nas competências dos atuais enfermeiros com funções de gestão, face às mais valorizadas, são reduzidas e dispersas, pelo que consideramos pouco significativas. A forma de desenvolvimento de competências mais valorizado pelo painel de peritos foi a formação (académica e em contexto profissional). Foi também realçada a importância do empenho individual neste processo, assim como a avaliação de competências antes dos enfermeiros assumirem funções de gestão.Consideramos que esta investigação traz contributos quer para a literatura da Gestão por Competências, quer para a literatura da definição de competências das funções dos enfermeiros com funções de gestão, quer para a profissão de enfermagem, (nomeadamente, para as funções de gestão dos enfermeiros), quer para o próprio SNS, já que faz algumas propostas e sugestões para a evolução das práticas de gestão de pessoas.
Resumo:
Dissertação apresentada ao Instituto Politécnico do Porto para obtenção do Grau Mestre em Gestão das Organizações, Ramo de Gestão de Empresas Orientada pela Professora Doutora Maria Alexandra Pacheco Ribeiro da Costa
Resumo:
This paper addresses the topic of knowledge management in multinational companies (MNCs). Its purpose is to examine the role of expatriates in knowledge acquisition and transfer within MNCs. Specifically it focuses on knowledge acquisition and transfer from one MNC head office located in Germany to two Portuguese subsidiaries as a basis for competitive advantage in their Portuguese subsidiaries. A qualitative research methodology is used, specifically through an exploratory case study approach, which examines how international assignments are important for the role of expatriates In knowledge acquisition and transfer between foreign head offices and their Portuguese subsidiaries. The data were collected through semi structured interviews to 10 Portuguese repatriates from two Portuguese subsidiaries of one foreign MNC. The findings suggest that the reasons that lead to expatriating employees from Portuguese subsidiaries to foreign head offices are connected to (1) knowledge management strategies to development the subsidiary’s performance; (2) new skills and knowledge acquisition by future team leaders and business/product managers in Portuguese subsidiaries; (3) procuring knowledge, from agents in head office, to be disseminated amongst co-workers in Portuguese subsidiaries; (4) acquiring global management skills, impossible to acquire locally and; (5) developing global projects within MNC. Also our results show that knowledge acquisition and transfer from foreign head office, through subsidiaries’ expatriates, contributes directly to the Portuguese subsidiaries’ innovation, improved performance, competitive advantage and growth in the economic sectors in which they operate. Moreover, evidence reveals that expatriation is seen as a strategy to fulfil some of the main organisational objectives through their expatriates (e.g., create new products and business markets, develop and incorporate new organisational techniques and processes, integrate global teams within multinational corporation with a responsibility on the definition of global objectives). The results obtained suggest that expatriates have a central role in acquiring and transferring strategic knowledge from MNC head office to their subsidiaries located in Portugal. Based on the findings, the paper discusses in detail the main theoretical and managerial implications. Suggestions for further research are also presented. The study’s main limitation is the small size of the sample, but its findings and methodology are quite original and significant.
Resumo:
El presente estudio pretende caracterizar el perfil de los profesionales responsables por la gestión de recursos humanos, en concreto su perfil académico, las funciones que ocupan y los requisitos demandados por las empresas portuguesas que pretenden admitir a nuevos profesionales para asumir funciones en el ámbito de la gestión de personas. Este estudio está basado en una encuesta por cuestionario realizado a una muestra de 261 responsables de recursos humanos de empresas ubicadas en Portugal (133 fueron encuestados en 2004, 128 fueron encuestados en 2013). En paralelo, fueron analizados 78 anuncios publicados en 2014 para identificar el perfil requerido en la actualidad. Los resultados muestran que, durante los últimos 10 años, la gran parte de los profesionales responsables por la gestión de recursos humanos asumen papeles específicos relacionados con los recursos humanos (RH). La calificación superior en RH empieza logrando más importancia en 2013, cuando se compara con otras áreas de calificación superior (ej. Gestión, Derecho e Ingeniería) prevalecientes en 2004. Las vacantes disponibles en anuncios relacionados con la función de RH buscan, sobretodo, candidatos (1) para asumir el cargo de técnico de RH, (2) que posean calificación superior en las áreas de RH o Ciencias Sociales y (3) que detengan competencias personales e interpersonales, así como competencias lingüísticas e informáticas. Basado en estos resultados, el artículo discute en detalle las principales implicaciones teóricas y prácticas. Sugestiones de investigación futura son, de igual modo, presentadas.
Resumo:
Dissertação de Mestrado apresentada ao Instituto Superior de Contabilidade e Administração do Porto para a obtenção do grau de Mestre em Auditoria sob orientação de Mestre Helena Maria Santos de Oliveira
Resumo:
Long-term international assignments’ increase requires more attention being paid for the preparation of these foreign assignments, especially on the recruitment and selection process of expatriates. This article explores how the recruitment and selection process of expatriates is developed in Portuguese companies, examining the main criteria on recruitment and selection of expatriates’ decision to send international assignments. The paper is based on qualitative case studies of companies located in Portugal. The data were collected through semi-structured interviews of 42 expatriates and 18 organisational representatives as well from nine Portuguese companies. The findings show that the most important criteria are: (1) trust from managers, (2) years in service, (3) previous technical and language competences, (4) organisational knowledge and, (5) availability. Based on the findings, the article discusses in detail the main theoretical and managerial implications. Suggestions for further research are also presented.
Resumo:
Despite the abundant literature in knowledge management, few empirical studies have explored knowledge management in connection with international assignees. This phenomenon has a special relevance in the Portuguese context, since (a) there are no empirical studies concerning this issue that involves international Portuguese companies; (b) the national business reality is incipient as far as internationalisation is concerned, and; (c) the organisational and national culture presents characteristics that are distinctive from the most highly studied contexts (e.g., Asia, USA, Scandinavian countries, Spain, France, The Netherlands, Germany, England and Russia). We examine the role of expatriates in transfer and knowledge sharing within the Portuguese companies with operations abroad. We focus specifically on expatriates’ role on knowledge sharing connected to international Portuguese companies and our findings take into account organizational representatives’ and expatriates’ perspectives. Using a comparative case study approach, we examine how three main dimensions influence the role of expatriates in knowledge sharing among headquarters and their subsidiaries (types of international assignment, reasons for using expatriation and international assignment characteristics). Data were collected using semi‐structured interviews to 30 Portuguese repatriates and 14 organizational representatives from seven Portuguese companies. The findings suggest that the reasons that lead Portuguese companies to expatriating employees are connected to: (1) business expansion needs; (2) control of international operations and; (3) transfer and knowledge sharing. Our study also shows that Portuguese companies use international assignments in order to positively respond to the increasingly decaying domestic market in the economic areas in which they operate. Evidence also reveals that expatriation is seen as a strategy to fulfill main organizational objectives through their expatriates (e.g., business internationalization, improvement of the coordination and control level of the units/subsidiaries abroad, replication of aspects of the home base, development and incorporation of new organizational techniques and processes). We also conclude that Portuguese companies have developed an International Human Resources Management strategy, based on an ethnocentric approach, typically associated with companies in early stages of internationalization, i.e., the authority and decision making are centered in the home base. Expatriates have a central role in transmitting culture and technical knowledge from company’s headquarters to the company’s branches. Based on the findings, the article will discuss in detail the main theoretical and managerial implications. Suggestions for further research will also be presented.