L’hipocrisie dans Dom Juan de Molière

Dans Dom Juan, Molière continue son combat contre l’hypocrisie sociale qui caractérise la société de son époque et qui est symbolisée par la noblesse du royaume. L’originalité de cette pièce de théâtre réside dans la complexité du personnage principal, Dom Juan, et dans le mélange de religieux, de tragique, de comique, de surnaturel et de spectaculaire sur lequel elle est fondée. Dans cette pièce, rien n’est laissé au hasard: le temps et l’espace reflètent bien le caractère libertin de Dom Juan et le langage est une arme dont il se sert pour conquérir et séduire une femme. Le langage est ici un miroir de la réalité, c’est-à-dire du monde où tous les personnages sont insérés. Dom Juan tantôt utilise le langage de l’hypocrisie pour se défendre tantôt il se sert de la rhétorique pour séduire ses victimes: c’est à travers le pouvoir verbal qu’il arrache une femme à un homme. Le langage est la clé du jeu de miroirs sur lequel la pièce est fondée. Molière montre dans Dom Juan que le langage est un instrument dangereux dans les mains des hypocrites qui s’en servent pour défier l’ordre social, la religion, la famille et la morale.

D. Juan de e.t.a. Hoffmann e don gionvanni de lorenzo da ponte – análise comparativa e intertextual

Através da análise comparativo/intertextual do conto Don Juan, de E.T.A. Hoffmann e do libreto da ópera Don Giovanni, de Mozart, da autoria de Lorenzo da Ponte, o objectivo deste artigo foi pôr em relevo a relação intrínseca, presente em muitas das obras de E.T.A. Hoffmann, entre a escrita e a música, explicável pela enorme sensibilidade musical deste autor, a que não só dedicou a sua vida, como também produziu várias obras musicais. Tal como na ópera Don Giovanni, de Mozart, a escrita de Hoffmann é dirigida por uma batuta imaginária, apresentando o suspense próprio dos enigmas, cuja revelação é suspensa por um entreacto – neste caso, uma carta escrita a um amigo, em que nos é apresentada uma reformulação do mito de Don Juan – entreacto este que vem prolongar o mistério e nos encaminha para um finale, em que a progressão da melodia e a sequência narrativa se unem mais uma vez. Por seu turno, na análise puramente intertextual, é feita uma tentativa de estabelecer, de forma clara, os paralelismos existentes com o pré-texto, isto é, com o libreto da autoria de Lorenzo da Ponte, bem como com outros pré-textos presentes no texto de forma mais esbatida, mas cujo peso é, também ele, significativo para a criação do novo mito de Don Juan, um homem sempre consciente do absurdo da existência, interpretação esta que abriu caminho para novas abordagens do mito, do herói e da história. Tal como em muitas outras obras, o pós-texto procura, em geral, apropriar-se do texto pressuposto, tentando ultrapassá-lo em mestria, o que acontece com este texto de Hoffmann, literária e semanticamente mais rico que o seu pré-texto.

A distributed system for learning programming on-line

Several Web-based on-line judges or on-line programming trainers have been developed in order to allow students to train their programming skills. However, their pedagogical functionalities in the learning of programming have not been clearly defined. EduJudge is a project which aims to integrate the “UVA On-line Judge”, an existing on-line programming trainer with an important number of problems and users, into an effective educational environment consisting of the e-learning platform Moodle and the competitive learning tool QUESTOURnament. The result is the EduJudge system which allows teachers to apply different pedagogical approaches using a proven e-learning platform, makes problems easy to search through an effective search engine, and provides an automated evaluation of the solutions submitted to these problems. The final objective is to provide new learning strategies to motivate students and present programming as an easy and attractive challenge. EduJudge has been tried and tested in three algorithms and programming courses in three different Engineering degrees. The students’ motivation and satisfaction levels were analysed alongside the effects of the EduJudge system on students’ academic outcomes. Results indicate that both students and teachers found that among other multiple benefits the EduJudge system facilitates the learning process. Furthermore, the experi- ment also showed an improvement in students’ academic outcomes. It must be noted that the students’ level of satisfaction did not depend on their computer skills or their gender.

Exposure of Lycopersicon Esculentum to Microcystin-LR: Effects in the Leaf Proteome and Toxin Translocation from Water to Leaves and Fruits

Natural toxins such as those produced by freshwater cyanobacteria have been regarded as an emergent environmental threat. However, the impact of these water contaminants in agriculture is not yet fully understood. The aim of this work was to investigate microcystin-LR (MC-LR) toxicity in Lycopersicon esculentum and the toxin accumulation in this horticultural crop. Adult plants (2 month-old) grown in a greenhouse environment were exposed for 2 weeks to either pure MC-LR (100 μg/L) or Microcystis aeruginosa crude extracts containing 100 μg/L MC-LR. Chlorophyll fluorescence was measured, leaf proteome investigated with two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization Time-of-Flight (MALDI-TOF)/TOF, and toxin bioaccumulation assessed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS)/MS. Variations in several protein markers (ATP synthase subunits, Cytochrome b6-f complex iron-sulfur, oxygen-evolving enhancer proteins) highlight the decrease of the capacity of plants to synthesize ATP and to perform photosynthesis, whereas variations in other proteins (ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase large subunit and ribose-5-phosphate isomerase) suggest an increase of carbon fixation and decrease of carbohydrate metabolism reactions in plants exposed to pure MC-LR and cyanobacterial extracts, respectively. MC-LR was found in roots (1635.21 μg/kg fw), green tomatoes (5.15–5.41 μg/kg fw), mature tomatoes (10.52–10.83 μg/kg fw), and leaves (12,298.18 μg/kg fw). The results raise concerns relative to food safety and point to the necessity of monitoring the bioaccumulation of water toxins in agricultural systems affected by cyanotoxin contamination.