Motivações dos voluntários em ONG’s: uma revisão crítica da literatura

Este trabalho revê e discute de forma crítica a literatura sobre as motivações dos voluntários para doarem o seu tempo às ONG’s. Quanto melhor uma organização conhecer os voluntários, mais essa organização poderá ir de encontro às necessidades e expectativas desses mesmos indivíduos. Por isso, compreender as motivações que podem levar um indivíduo a doar o seu tempo a uma determinada organização e a manter-se nessa mesma organização é matéria relevante na gestão das ONG’s. Primeiro, o artigo mostra e compara os diferentes tipos de motivações associadas ao trabalho voluntário. Depois, apresenta-se uma tipologia que agrupa os determinantes das motivações dos voluntários em cinco grupos: o altruísmo, a socialização, o interesse pessoal, a carreira profissional e a aprendizagem e, por fim, a comunidade. Por fim, efectua-se uma análise que aponta três lacunas na literatura das motivações dos voluntários que justificam investigação adicional: (i) a omissão de diferenças entre as motivações relacionadas com a “Atracção” versus a “Retenção” dos voluntários; (ii) a focalização das investigações no contexto norte-americano e australiano; e (iii) a ausência de análises comparativas que relacionem as motivações por tipos de ONG’s.

A Reescrita do riso: uma abordagem crítica de duas traduções portuguesas da obra The Importance of Being Earnest

Orientadora: Mestre Maria Helena Guimarães

Análise crítica ao processo de auditoria da qualidade

Dissertação apresentada ao Instituto Superior de Contabilidade para a obtenção do Grau deMestre em Auditoria Orientada por Alcina Augusta de Sena Portugal Dias

A exportação do mel português: um estudo exploratório sobre as motivações, barreiras e estratégias

Dissertação de Mestrado apresentado ao Instituto de Contabilidade e Administração do Porto para a obtenção do grau de Mestre em Empreendedorismo e Internacionalização, sob orientação de Professor Doutor António Correia de Barros

Qualidade do chocolate: estudo de alguns parâmetros

O chocolate é considerado uma emulsão complexa e um alimento de luxo, que durante o seu consumo provoca estímulos que activam os centros de prazer do cérebro Humano. Tendo em conta a importância deste alimento torna-se necessário estudar e avaliar a melhor forma de melhorar a qualidade do chocolate. Este trabalho teve como objectivo verificar e analisar a qualidade do processo de fabrico da massa de chocolate, no que respeita (i) a rastreabilidade das matérias-primas e do produto acabado e, por outro lado, (ii) determinar e estudar o efeito de alguns parâmetros do processo nas características da massa, através das variáveis viscosidade, tensão de corte, tensão de corte crítica (“yield value”) e granulometria. Estas variáveis foram medidas em massas de chocolate de leite com o nome de formulação CAI e provenientes das duas unidades fabris da empresa (UF1 e UF2). Os parâmetros estudados na UF1 foram a influência das conchas e dos ingredientes. Na UF2 estudou-se a influência dos inutilizados de fabrico e a influência dos inutilizados de fabrico juntamente com o efeito de um ingrediente que foi o açúcar. Os resultados da viscosidade, tensão de corte e tensão de corte crítica (“yield value”) foram analisados estatisticamente por análise de variância (ANOVA), recorrendo aos testes de Komolgorov-Smirnov, Shapiro-Wilk e de Levene para verificar as condições de aplicabilidade desta análise. Os resultados da granulometria como não aderiram a uma distribuição normal foram analisados pelo método não paramétrico de Kruskal-Wallis. Estas análises foram executadas no programa “Statistical Package for the Social Sciences” (SPSS). Pelos resultados obtidos, conclui-se que, para a UF1, a concha afecta a tensão de corte, viscosidade e a tensão de corte crítica do chocolate produzido, na medida em que existem diferenças entre as conchas estudadas. Para esta unidade conclui-se que os ingredientes também influenciam a granulometria da massa. No caso da UF2, conclui-se que a tensão de corte é afectada apenas pelo lote de açúcar, a viscosidade é afectada tanto pelo lote de açúcar como pela presença de inutilizados de fabrico e a tensão de corte crítica não é afectada por nenhum destes efeitos. A granulometria, nesta unidade é afectada pelos lotes de açúcar estudados.

Voltammetric oxidation of drugs of abuse II. Codeine and metabolites

The oxidation of codeine on glassy carbon electrodes has been studied in detail using differential pulse voltammetry. The results obtained using a glassy carbon electrode clearly show a much more complex oxidation mechanism than that previously reported when platinum and gold electrodes were used. To clarify the codeine oxidative profile, several metabolites and analogues of this alkaloid, codeine N-oxide, norcodeine, dihydrocodeine, acetylcodeine and 6- chlorodesoxycodeine, were synthesized and studied. It was deduced that the anodic waves observed in codeine oxidation are related to the presence of methoxy, hydroxy and tertiary amine groups. Due to the similarity of potentials at which these oxidative processes take place, at some pHs an overlap of peaks occurs and only one anodic wave is observed.

Removal of Cd(II), Zn(II) and Pb(II) from aqueous solutions by brown marine macro algae: kinetic modelling

Specific marine macro algae species abundant at the Portuguese coast (Laminaria hyperborea, Bifurcaria bifurcata, Sargassum muticum and Fucus spiralis) were shown to be effective for removing toxic metals (Cd(II), Zn(II) and Pb(II)) from aqueous solutions. The initial metal concentrations in solution were about 75–100 mg L−1. The observed biosorption capacities for cadmium, zinc and lead ions were in the ranges of 23.9–39.5, 18.6–32.0 and 32.3–50.4 mg g−1, respectively. Kinetic studies revealed that the metal uptake rate was rather fast, with 75% of the total amount occurring in the first 10 min for all algal species. Experimental data were well fitted by a pseudo-second order rate equation. The contribution of internal diffusion mechanism was significant only to the initial biosorption stage. Results indicate that all the studied macro algae species can provide an efficient and cost-effective technology for eliminating heavy metals from industrial effluents.

Optimization of Cu(II) biosorption onto ascophyllum nodosum by factorial design methodology

A Box–Behnken factorial design coupled with surface response methodology was used to evaluate the effects of temperature, pH and initial concentration in the Cu(II) sorption process onto the marine macroalgae Ascophyllum nodosum. The effect of the operating variables on metal uptake capacitywas studied in a batch system and a mathematical model showing the influence of each variable and their interactions was obtained. Study ranges were 10–40ºC for temperature, 3.0–5.0 for pH and 50–150mgL−1 for initial Cu(II) concentration. Within these ranges, the biosorption capacity is slightly dependent on temperature but markedly increases with pH and initial concentration of Cu(II). The uptake capacities predicted by the model are in good agreement with the experimental values. Maximum biosorption capacity of Cu(II) by A. nodosum is 70mgg−1 and corresponds to the following values of those variables: temperature = 40ºC, pH= 5.0 and initial Cu(II) concentration = 150mgL−1.

Soil remediation time to achieve clean-up goals II: influence of natural organic matter and water contents

This work reports a relatively rapid procedure for the forecasting of the remediation time (RT) of sandy soils contaminated with cyclohexane using vapour extraction. The RT estimated through the mathematical fitting of experimental results was compared with that of real soils. The main objectives were: (i) to predict the RT of soils with natural organic matter (NOM) and water contents different from those used in experiments; and (ii) to analyse the time and efficiency of remediation, and the distribution of contaminants into the soil matrix after the remediation process, according to the soil contents of: (ii1) NOM; and (ii2) water. For sandy soils with negligible clay contents, artificially contaminated with cyclohexane before vapour extraction, it was concluded that: (i) if the NOM and water contents belonged to the range of the prepared soils, the RT of real soils could be predicted with relative differences not higher than 12%; (ii1) the increase of NOM content from 0% to 7.5% increased the RT (1.8–13 h) and decreased the remediation efficiency (RE) (99–90%) and (ii2) the increase of soil water content from 0% to 6% increased the RT (1.8–4.9 h) and decreased the RE (99–97%). NOM increases the monolayer capacity leading to a higher sorption into the solid phase. Increasing of soil water content reduces the mass transfer coefficient between phases. Concluding, NOM and water contents influence negatively the remediation process, turning it less efficient and more time consuming, and consequently more expensive.

Optical fiber sensor for Hg(II) based on carbon dots

An optical fiber sensor for Hg(II) in aqueous solution based on sol–gel immobilized carbon dots nanoparticles functionalized with PEG200 and N-acetyl-l-cysteine is described. This sol–gel method generated a thin (about 750 nm), homogenous and smooth (roughness of 2.7±0.7 a˚ ) filmthat immobilizes the carbon dots and allows reversible sensing of Hg(II) in aqueous solution. A fast (less than 10 s), reversible and stable (the fluorescence intensity measurements oscillate less than 1% after several calibration cycles) sensor system was obtained. The sensor allow the detection of submicron molar concentrations of Hg(II) in aqueous solution. The fluorescence intensity of the immobilized carbon dots is quenched by the presence of Hg(II) with a Stern-Volmer constant (pH = 6.8) of 5.3×105M−1.

Adding value [valorization] to tannery fleshings: part II – effect of protein hydrolysates on leather dyeing

The tanning industry generates a high quantity of solid wastes. Therefore, there is a need to create valorization [added value] options for these wastes. The main objective of the present work was to study the effect of protein hydrolysates (HP) prepared from fleshings on leather dyeing. During previous studies it was found that the application of HP products, obtained from fleshings, in leather retannage intensified the colour of crust leather. In this work the CIELAB colour system was used to evaluate the effect of HP on retannage processes. The main conclusions of this study were: (i) HP can be used instead of a dicyanodiamide resin (Fortan DC) if the colour parameters of the standard procedure are to be maintained, and (ii) the replacement of an acrylic resin (Fortan A40) by glutaraldehyde-modified HP (GHP) results in a darker skin, and can therefore be interesting for the reduction of the quantity of dye used.

A dimensão crítica na interpretação musical

Dissertação para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Música - Interpretação Artística

Interlaminar fracture characterization of a carbon-epoxy composite in pure mode II

The interlaminar fracture toughness in pure mode II (GIIc) of a Carbon-Fibre Reinforced Plastic (CFRP) composite is characterized experimentally and numerically in this work, using the End-Notched Flexure (ENF) fracture characterization test. The value of GIIc was extracted by a new data reduction scheme avoiding the crack length measurement, named Compliance-Based Beam Method (CBBM). This method eliminates the crack measurement errors, which can be non-negligible, and reflect on the accuracy of the fracture energy calculations. Moreover, it accounts for the Fracture Process Zone (FPZ) effects. A numerical study using the Finite Element Method (FEM) and a triangular cohesive damage model, implemented within interface finite elements and based on the indirect use of Fracture Mechanics, was performed to evaluate the suitability of the CBBM to obtain GIIc. This was performed comparing the input values of GIIc in the numerical models with the ones resulting from the application of the CBBM to the numerical load-displacement (P-) curve. In this numerical study, the Compliance Calibration Method (CCM) was also used to extract GIIc, for comparison purposes.