Bioatividade da quinoxalina 1,4-dióxido e seus derivados

O objetivo deste estudo consiste em avaliar a atividade antimicrobiana da quinoxalina 1,4-dióxido e alguns dos seus derivados em estirpes bacterianas e leveduras. Os compostos estudados foram a quinoxalina 1,4-dióxido (QNX), 2-metilquinoxalina-1,4-dióxido (2MQNX), 2-metil-3-Benzoilquinoxalina-1,4-dióxido (2M3BenzoilQNX), 2-metil-3-benzilquinoxalina-1,4-dióxido (2M3BQNX), 2-amino-3-cianoquinoxalina-1,4-dióxido (2A3CQNX), 3-metil-2-quinoxalinacarboxamida-1,4-dióxido (3M2QNXC), 2-hidroxifenazina–N-dióxido (2HF) e 3-metil-N-(2-metilphenil)quinoxalinacarboxamida-1,4-dioxido (3MN(2MF)QNXC). Os modelos procariotas selecionados para este estudo foram o Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538P, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Escherichia coli S3R9, Escherichia coli S3R22, Escherichia coli TEM CTX-M9, Escherichia coli TEM-1, Escherichia coli AmpC MOX-2, Escherichia coli CTX-M2 e Escherichia coli CTX-M9. A Candida albicans ATCC 10231 e a Saccharomyces cerevisiae PYCC 4072 constituíram os modelos eucariotas deste estudo. Para os compostos químicos que apresentem atividade pelo método de difusão em disco, será determinada a Concentração Mínima Inibitória (CMI), bem como a viabilidade e o crescimento (na presença e na ausência dos compostos químicos). Os resultados deste estudo mostram atividade antimicrobiana para a maioria dos compostos estudados em todos os modelos procariotas Gram negativos, à exceção da E.coli CTX-M2 e CTX-M9 e nenhuma atividade nos modelos eucariotas. O estudo da viabilidade/curvas de morte em bactérias e num modelo eucariota (S.cerevisiae) sugerem que alguns destes compostos constituem potenciais drogas para a quimioterapia antibacteriana.

Simulation of the magnetic induction vector of a magnetic core to be used in FFC NMR relaxometry

This paper is a contribution for the assessment and comparison of magnet properties based on magnetic field characteristics particularly concerning the magnetic induction uniformity in the air gaps. For this aim, a solver was developed and implemented to determine the magnetic field of a magnetic core to be used in Fast Field Cycling (FFC) Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) relaxometry. The electromagnetic field computation is based on a 2D finite-element method (FEM) using both the scalar and the vector potential formulation. Results for the magnetic field lines and the magnetic induction vector in the air gap are presented. The target magnetic induction is 0.2 T, which is a typical requirement of the FFC NMR technique, which can be achieved with a magnetic core based on permanent magnets or coils. In addition, this application requires high magnetic induction uniformity. To achieve this goal, a solution including superconducting pieces is analyzed. Results are compared with a different FEM program.

Diffusion characteristics of ethylene glycol in skeletal muscle

Part of the optical clearing study in biological tissues concerns the determination of the diffusion characteristics of water and optical clearing agents in the subject tissue. Such information is sufficient to characterize the time dependence of the optical clearing mechanisms—tissue dehydration and refractive index (RI) matching. We have used a simple method based on collimated optical transmittance measurements made from muscle samples under treatment with aqueous solutions containing different concentrations of ethylene glycol (EG), to determine the diffusion time values of water and EG in skeletal muscle. By representing the estimated mean diffusion time values from each treatment as a function of agent concentration in solution, we could identify the real diffusion times for water and agent. These values allowed for the calculation of the correspondent diffusion coefficients for those fluids. With these results, we have demonstrated that the dehydration mechanism is the one that dominates optical clearing in the first minute of treatment, while the RI matching takes over the optical clearing operations after that and remains for a longer time of treatment up to about 10 min, as we could see for EG and thin tissue samples of 0.5 mm.

Software development for estimation of optical clearing agent’s diffusion coefficients in biological tissues

The study of chemical diffusion in biological tissues is a research field of high importance and with application in many clinical, research and industrial areas. The evaluation of diffusion and viscosity properties of chemicals in tissues is necessary to characterize treatments or inclusion of preservatives in tissues or organs for low temperature conservation. Recently, we have demonstrated experimentally that the diffusion properties and dynamic viscosity of sugars and alcohols can be evaluated from optical measurements. Our studies were performed in skeletal muscle, but our results have revealed that the same methodology can be used with other tissues and different chemicals. Considering the significant number of studies that can be made with this method, it becomes necessary to turn data processing and calculation easier. With this objective, we have developed a software application that integrates all processing and calculations, turning the researcher work easier and faster. Using the same experimental data that previously was used to estimate the diffusion and viscosity of glucose in skeletal muscle, we have repeated the calculations with the new application. Comparing between the results obtained with the new application and with previous independent routines we have demonstrated great similarity and consequently validated the application. This new tool is now available to be used in similar research to obtain the diffusion properties of other chemicals in different tissues or organs.