Phonological development in relation to native language and literacy: Variations on a theme in six alphabetic orthographies

Phonological development was assessed in six alphabetic orthographies (English, French, Greek, Icelandic, Portuguese and Spanish) at the beginning and end of the first year of reading instruction. The aim was to explore contrasting theoretical views regarding: the question of the availability of phonology at the outset of learning to read (Study 1); the influence of orthographic depth on the pace of phonological development during the transition to literacy (Study 2); and the impact of literacy instruction (Study 3). Results from 242 children did not reveal a consistent sequence of development as performance varied according to task demands and language. Phonics instruction appeared more influential than orthographic depth in the emergence of an early meta-phonological capacity to manipulate phonemes, and preliminary indications were that cross-linguistic variation was associated with speech rhythm more than factors such as syllable complexity. The implications of the outcome for current models of phonological development are discussed.

Estudo e Implementação de Ferramentas Lean

Neste documento, apresenta-se o reflexo sobre o trabalho de estágio desenvolvido entre 17 de Fevereiro e 31 de Julho de 2014, nas instalações da Fábrica das Estruturas Metálicas da Faurecia, em São João da Madeira, num Projecto Final no âmbito de Implementação de Ferramentas Lean. O objetivo proposto foi a participação na procura e implementação de soluções, com vista à melhoria contínua do sistema de produção. Foi utilizado, para esse efeito, um vasto conjunto de ferramentas entre as quais os 5S, QRCI, Standardized Work, entre outras e amplamente empregues na indústria automóvel (e nesta empresa em particular), através do Sistema de Excelência Faurecia (FES), aplicado ao ramo de negócio onde está solidamente implantada esta multinacional de origem francesa. O período de tempo em que decorreu o estágio constituiu uma oportunidade única para o estagiário contactar com os problemas existentes no departamento de produção, num mercado tão concorrencial e competitivo como é o da indústria de componentes para automóveis. O presente trabalho de estágio apresenta duas vertentes distintas: uma de caráter interno à empresa e outra relativa aos fornecedores e clientes. Em termos internos, foi visível a batalha pela diminuição das variabilidades que surgem no plano da produção ao absorver grande parte do esforço dos agentes que trabalham na otimização dos processos. Externamente, observou-se a dificuldade em encontrar fornecedores adequados a satisfazer os aprovisionamentos da Faurecia, em quantidade e qualidade, e um elevado grau de exigência imposto por parte dos vários clientes. Por fim, este Projeto possibilitou a aplicação de conhecimentos adquiridos não só ao longo do curso como também durante a realização do estágio, o conhecimento da realidade industrial e o enriquecimento técnico e pessoal.

Real Time Pricing Approaches to Deal With Unexpected Wind Power Variations

The use of renewables have been increased I several countries around the world, namely in Europe. The wind power is generally the larger renewable resource with very specific characteristics in what concerns its variability and the inherent impacts in the power systems and electricity markets operation. This paper focuses on the Portuguese context of renewables use, including wind power. The work here presented includes the use of a real time pricing methodology developed by the authors aiming the reduction of electricity consumption in the moments of unexpected low wind power. A more specific example of application of real time pricing is demonstrated for the minimization of the operation costs in a distribution network. When facing lower wind power generation than expected from day ahead forecast, demand response is used in order to minimize the impacts of such wind availability change. In this way, consumers actively participate in regulation up and spinning reserve ancillary services through demand response programs.

Real-Time Simulation of Real-Time Pricing Demand Response to Meet Wind Variations

Recent changes of paradigm in power systems opened the opportunity to the active participation of new players. The small and medium players gain new opportunities while participating in demand response programs. This paper explores the optimal resources scheduling in two distinct levels. First, the network operator facing large wind power variations makes use of real time pricing to induce consumers to meet wind power variations. Then, at the consumer level, each load is managed according to the consumer preferences. The two-level resources schedule has been implemented in a real-time simulation platform, which uses hardware for consumer’ loads control. The illustrative example includes a situation of large lack of wind power and focuses on a consumer with 18 loads.