Eficiência de antioxidantes em biodiesel

Mestrado em Engenharia Química.Ramo optimização energética na indústria química

Determinação da tensão interfacial do sistema Água - Tolueno - Acetona

Mestrado em Engenharia Química. Ramo de Optimização Energética na Indústria Química

Structural modification of TiO2 nanorod films with an influence on the photovoltaic efficiency of a dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC).

TiO2 nanorod films have been deposited on ITO substrates by dc reactive magnetron sputtering technique. The structures of these nanorod films were modified by the variation of the oxygen pressure during the sputtering process. Although all these TiO2 nanorod films deposited at different oxygen pressures show an anatase structure, the orientation of the nanorod films varies with the oxygen pressure. Only a very weak (101) diffraction peak can be observed for the TiO2 nanorod film prepared at low oxygen pressure. However, as the oxygen pressure is increased, the (220) diffraction peak appears and the intensity of this diffraction peak is increased with the oxygen pressure. The results of the SEM show that these TiO2 nanorods are perpendicular to the ITO substrate. At low oxygen pressure, these sputtered TiO2 nanorods stick together and have a dense structure. As the oxygen pressure is increased, these sputtered TiO2 nanorods get separated gradually and have a porous structure. The optical transmittance of these TiO2 nanorod films has been measured and then fitted by OJL model. The porosities of the TiO2 nanorod films have been calculated. The TiO2 nanorod film prepared at high oxygen pressure shows a high porosity. The dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) have been assembled using these TiO2 nanorod films prepared at different oxygen pressures as photoelectrode. The optimum performance was achieved for the DSSC using the TiO2 nanorod film with the highest (220) diffraction peak and the highest porosity.

Inventories and concentration profiles of 137Cs in undisturbed soils in the northeast of Buenos Aires Province, Argentina

Inventories and vertical distribution of (137)Cs were determined in La Plata region undisturbed soils, Argentina. A mean inventory value of 891 ± 220 Bq/m(2) was established, which is compatible with the values expected from atmospheric weapon tests fallout. The study was complemented with pH, organic carbon fraction, texture and mineralogical soil analyses. Putting together Southern Hemisphere (137)Cs inventory data, it is possible to correlate these data with the mean annual precipitations. The large differences in (137)Cs concentration profiles were attributed to soil properties, especially the clay content and the pH values. A convection-dispersion model with irreversible retention was used to fit the activity concentration profiles. The obtained effective diffusion coefficient and effective convection velocity parameters values were in the range from 0.2 cm(2)/y to 0.4 cm(2)/y and from 0.23 cm/y to 0.43 cm/y, respectively. These data are in agreement with values reported in literature. In general, with the growth of clay content in the soil, there was an increase in the transfer rate from free to bound state. Finally, the highest transfer rate from free to bound state was obtained for soil pH value equal to 8.

A Segurança Contra Incêndio em Edifícios (SCIE) e o projeto de instalações elétricas.

Neste artigo referem-se alguns aspetos a considerar no projeto de instalações elétricas relacionados com a SCIE (Segurança Contra Incêndios em Edifícios) e a legislação atualmente em vigor (DL 220/2008 e Portaria 1532/2008). São abordados, entre outros, alguns cuidados a ter em relação a: alimentação elétrica, fontes locais e centrais de energia de emergência (UPS, grupos geradores), quadros elétricos, ascensores, iluminação de segurança, deteção de incêndio, deteção de gases tóxicos e combustíveis, Matriz de Segurança.

Strategic Planning and Organizational Effectiveness in Social Service Organizations in Portugal

This study aims to understand the reality of social service organizations, the level of implementation of the strategic planning as well as the impact of its application on organizational effectiveness. At first, we will group organizations in clusters according to the level of strategic planning implementation and its degree of effectiveness. Secondly, we will analyse all the different groups. Given the growing number of social service organizations and the consequent complexity of their structures, it turns out the need for these organizations adopt formal management techniques. Strategic planning is a valuable strategic management tool and one of its main objectives is to make organizations more effective. Therefore, the research has been conducted in order to determine if strategic planning is implemented in social service organizations and which effects has its application on organizational effectiveness. The survey, applied to 220 social service organizations, allowed us to gather them into different clusters, showing that different levels of strategic planning determine distinct degrees of organizational efficiency. Finally, it should be noted that findings of this research may be essential to decision makers of these organizations, because it was shown that the adoption of strategic planning has a positive influence on organizational effectiveness of social service organizations.

Preparation and characterization of dye-sensitized TiO2 nanorod solar cells

TiO2 nanorodswere prepared by DC reactive magnetron sputtering technique and applied to dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). The length of the TiO2 nanorods was varied from 1 μm to 6 μm. The scanning electronmicroscopy images showthat the nanorods are perpendicular to the substrate. Both the X-ray diffraction patterns and Raman scattering results show that the nanorods have an anatase phase; no other phase has been observed. (101) and the (220) diffraction peaks have been observed for the TiO2 nanorods. The (101) diffraction peak intensity remained constant despite the increase of nanorod length, while the intensity of the (220) diffraction peak increased almost linearly with the nanorod length. These nanorods were used as the working electrodes in DSSCs and the effect of the nanorod length on the conversion efficiency has been studied. An optimumphotoelectric conversion efficiency of 4.8% has been achieved for 4 μm length nanorods.

Os diferentes tipos de resultados nas cooperativas

O objetivo desta comunicação consiste em identificar os tipos de resultados nas cooperativas, compreender o tratamento contabilístico dos mesmos e aferir se o normativo contabilístico em vigor permite evidenciar as especificidades daqueles. Deste modo, utilizando uma metodologia qualitativa, com recurso à análise de conteúdo e a uma análise empírica, procede-se a uma reflexão sobre o regime jurídico e contabilístico dos resultados das cooperativas em Portugal. A informação obtida mostra que o tratamento contabilístico dos resultados não está devidamente adequado à realidade das cooperativas, por duas razões: em primeiro lugar não são claramente identificáveis na lei os diferentes tipos de resultados; em segundo lugar, contata-se que os resultados nas cooperativas têm o mesmo tratamento contabilístico dos resultados nas sociedades comerciais, apesar das diferenças substanciais entre as formas jurídicas. De facto, o objetivo das cooperativas não se traduz na obtenção de um lucro, mas corresponde a um escopo mutualístico, uma vez que estas entidades visam, a título principal a satisfação das necessidades económicas e sociais dos seus membros. Por sua vez, as sociedades comerciais visam, a título principal, a obtenção do lucro. Em conformidade, defendemos a alteração do enquadramento contabilístico aplicável às cooperativas, para que dessa forma se evidencie o real objeto destas, designadamente o seu escopo mutualístico, e deste modo se diferencie nos documentos contabilísticos os diferentes tipos de resultados. Impõe-se designadamente uma contabilização separada dos resultados cooperativos e dos resultados extracooperativos e extraordinários. Esta contabilização separada é essencial desde logo por razões fiscais, uma vez que o regime fiscal aplicável a cada um dos tipos de resultados é diferenciado. A nível contabilístico, as demonstrações financeiras deveriam evidenciar os diferentes tipos de resultados, por forma a refletir a imagem verdadeira e apropriada do desempenho da cooperativa.

Electromagnetism based approach to Sector design in Waste Collection

For efficient planning of waste collection routing, large municipalities may be partitioned into convenient sectors. The real case under consideration is the municipality of Monção, in Portugal. Waste collection involves more than 1600 containers over an area of 220 km2 and a population of around 20,000 inhabitants. This is mostly a rural area where the population is distributed in small villages around the 33 boroughs centres (freguesia) that constitute the municipality. In most freguesias, waste collection is usually conducted 3 times a week. However, there are situations in which the same collection is done every day. The case reveals some general and specific characteristics which are not rare, but are not widely addressed in the literature. Furthermore, new methods and models to deal with sectorization and routing are introduced, which can be extended to other applications. Sectorization and routing are tackled following a three-phase approach. The first phase, which is the main concern of the presentation, introduces a new method for sectorization inspired by Electromagnetism and Coulomb’s Law. The matter is not only about territorial division, but also the frequency of waste collection, which is a critical issue in these types of applications. Special characteristics related to the number and type of deposition points were also a motivation for this work. The second phase addresses the routing problems in each sector: new Mixed Capacitated Arc Routing with Limited Multi-Landfills models will be presented. The last phase integrates Sectoring and Routing. Computational results confirm the effectiveness of the entire novel approach.