Increase of the Delivered Power Probability in Distribution Networks using Pareto DC Programming

A methodology to increase the probability of delivering power to any load point through the identification of new investments in distribution network components is proposed in this paper. The method minimizes the investment cost as well as the cost of energy not supplied in the network. A DC optimization model based on mixed integer non-linear programming is developed considering the Pareto front technique in order to identify the adequate investments in distribution networks components which allow increasing the probability of delivering power for any customer in the distribution system at the minimum possible cost for the system operator, while minimizing the energy not supplied cost. Thus, a multi-objective problem is formulated. To illustrate the application of the proposed methodology, the paper includes a case study which considers a 180 bus distribution network

A reconstrução tomográfica em SPECT com utilização dos novos métodos iterativos “WBR”: comparação com métodos analíticos

Os métodos utilizados pela Medicina moderna no âmbito da Imagem Molecular e na sua capacidade de diagnosticar a partir da “Função do Orgão” em vez da “Morfologia do Orgão”, vieram trazer á componente fundamental desta modalidade da Imagiologia Médica – A Medicina Nuclear – uma importância acrescida, que se tem traduzido num aumento significativo no recurso á sua utilização nas diferentes formas das suas aplicações clínicas. Para além dos aspectos meramente clínicos, que só por si seriam suficientes para ocupar várias dissertações como a presente; a própria natureza desta técnica de imagem, com a sua inerente baixa resolução e tempos longos de aquisição, vieram trazer preocupações acrescidas quanto ás questões relacionadas com a produtividade (nº de estudos a realizar por unidade de tempo); com a qualidade (aumento da resolução da imagem obtida) e, com os níveis de actividade radioactiva injectada nos pacientes (dose de radiação efectiva sobre as populações). Conhecidas que são então as limitações tecnológicas associadas ao desenho dos equipamentos destinados á aquisição de dados em Medicina Nuclear, que apesar dos avanços introduzidos, mantêm mais ou menos inalteráveis os conceitos base de funcionamento de uma Câmara Gama, imaginou-se a alteração significativa dos parâmetros de aquisição (tempo, resolução, actividade), actuando não ao nível das condições técnico-mecânicas dessa aquisição, mas essencialmente ao nível do pós-processamento dos dados adquiridos segundo os métodos tradicionais e que ainda constituem o estado da arte desta modalidade. Este trabalho tem então como objectivo explicar por um lado, com algum pormenor, as bases tecnológicas que desde sempre têm suportado o funcionamento dos sistemas destinados á realização de exames de Medicina Nuclear, mas sobretudo, apresentar as diferenças com os inovadores métodos, que aplicando essencialmente conhecimento (software), permitiram responder ás questões acima levantadas.

Effects of storage, processing and proteolytic digestion on microcystin-LR concentration in edible clams

Accumulation of microcystin-LR (MC-LR) in edible aquatic organisms, particularly in bivalves, is widely documented. In this study, the effects of food storage and processing conditions on the free MC-LR concentration in clams (Corbicula fluminea) fed MC-LR-producing Microcystisaeruginosa (1 × 105 cell/mL) for four days, and the bioaccessibility of MC-LR after in vitro proteolytic digestion were investigated. The concentration of free MC-LR in clams decreased sequentially over the time with unrefrigerated and refrigerated storage and increased with freezing storage. Overall, cooking for short periods of time resulted in a significantly higher concentration (P < 0.05) of free MC-LR in clams, specifically microwave (MW) radiation treatment for 0.5 (57.5%) and 1 min (59%) and boiling treatment for 5 (163.4%) and 15 min (213.4%). The bioaccessibility of MC-LR after proteolytic digestion was reduced to 83%, potentially because of MC-LR degradation by pancreatic enzymes. Our results suggest that risk assessment based on direct comparison between MC-LR concentrations determined in raw food products and the tolerable daily intake (TDI) value set for the MC-LR might not be representative of true human exposure.

Integração modular em visualizadores médicos e aposição da marcação CE do Dispositivo Médico

Neste documento ´e feita a descrição detalhada da integração modular de um script no software OsiriX. O objectivo deste script ´e determinar o diâmetro central da artéria aorta a partir de uma Tomografia Computorizada. Para tal são abordados conceitos relacionados com a temática do processamento de imagem digital, tecnologias associadas, e.g., a norma DICOM e desenvolvimento de software. Como estudo preliminar, são analisados diversos visualizadores de imagens médica, utilizados para investigação ou mesmo comercializados. Foram realizadas duas implementações distintas do plugin. A primeira versão do plugin faz a invocação do script de processamento usando o ficheiro de estudo armazenado em disco; a segunda versão faz a passagem de dados através de um bloco de memória partilhada e utiliza o framework Java Native Interface. Por fim, é demonstrado todo o processo de aposição da Marcação CE de um dispositivo médico de classe IIa e obtenção da declaração de conformidade por parte de um Organismo Notificado. Utilizaram-se os Sistemas Operativos Mac OS X e Linux e as linguagens de programação Java, Objective-C e Python.

Sistema de televisão interactiva para o mercado hoteleiro

A Nonius Software é uma empresa nacional de engenharia na área de telecomunicações, que se dedica ao desenvolvimento de soluções para a gestão de sistemas informáticos e de entretenimento, tendo como finalidade o mercado mundial hoteleiro e hospitalar. A solução de TV interactiva da Nonius oferece uma experiência única ao hóspede, ao disponibilizar várias opções de entretenimento e acesso a conteúdos de elevada qualidade e interesse. O hóspede tem acesso a canais de TV, aluguer de filmes, Internet, jogos, informações, promoções e compras na TV. O objectivo principal desta dissertação foi implementar alguns serviços de entretenimento numa televisão LG Pro: Centric. Este equipamento tem como principal vantagem o facto de conter a set-top-box inserida dentro da própria televisão. Em termos arquitectónicos, o sistema Nonius TV tem dois elementos fundamentais: o backend, responsável pelo processamento e tratamento da informação centralizada e o frontend instalado nos dispositivos com os quais o hóspede contacta directamente. Uma parte significativa do trabalho desenvolvido centrou-se na implementação de funcionalidades no backend. Foram, no entanto, também desenvolvidas algumas funcionalidades nos serviços de frontend. Para o cumprimento dos objectivos estabelecidos, foi utilizada a tecnologia FLASH, tendo como linguagem de programação a segunda versão do ActionScript. Relativamente ao desenvolvimento de backend são utilizados o PHP e o JavaScript.

A framework for using real data with distributed low cost sensors

Currently, due to the widespread use of computers and the internet, students are trading libraries for the World Wide Web and laboratories with simulation programs. In most courses, simulators are made available to students and can be used to proof theoretical results or to test a developing hardware/product. Although this is an interesting solution: low cost, easy and fast way to perform some courses work, it has indeed major disadvantages. As everything is currently being done with/in a computer, the students are loosing the “feel” of the real values of the magnitudes. For instance in engineering studies, and mainly in the first years, students need to learn electronics, algorithmic, mathematics and physics. All of these areas can use numerical analysis software, simulation software or spreadsheets and in the majority of the cases data used is either simulated or random numbers, but real data could be used instead. For example, if a course uses numerical analysis software and needs a dataset, the students can learn to manipulate arrays. Also, when using the spreadsheets to build graphics, instead of using a random table, students could use a real dataset based, for instance, in the room temperature and its variation across the day. In this work we present a framework which uses a simple interface allowing it to be used by different courses where the computers are the teaching/learning process in order to give a more realistic feeling to students by using real data. A framework is proposed based on a set of low cost sensors for different physical magnitudes, e.g. temperature, light, wind speed, which are connected to a central server, that the students have access with an Ethernet protocol or are connected directly to the student computer/laptop. These sensors use the communication ports available such as: serial ports, parallel ports, Ethernet or Universal Serial Bus (USB). Since a central server is used, the students are encouraged to use sensor values results in their different courses and consequently in different types of software such as: numerical analysis tools, spreadsheets or simply inside any programming language when a dataset is needed. In order to do this, small pieces of hardware were developed containing at least one sensor using different types of computer communication. As long as the sensors are attached in a server connected to the internet, these tools can also be shared between different schools. This allows sensors that aren't available in a determined school to be used by getting the values from other places that are sharing them. Another remark is that students in the more advanced years and (theoretically) more know how, can use the courses that have some affinities with electronic development to build new sensor pieces and expand the framework further. The final solution provided is very interesting, low cost, simple to develop, allowing flexibility of resources by using the same materials in several courses bringing real world data into the students computer works.

Per-unit royalty and fixed-fee licensing in a differentiated Stackelberg model

In the present paper we consider a differentiated Stackelberg model, when the leader firm engages in an R&D process that gives an endogenous cost-reducing innovation. The aim is to study the licensing of the cost-reduction by a per-unit royalty and a fixed-fee. We analyse the implications of these types of licensing contracts over the R&D effort, the profits of the firms, the consumer surplus and the social welfare. By using comparative static analysis, we conclude that the degree of the differentiation of the goods plays an important role in the results.

Formal Contracts for Runtime Verification Support in the Ada Programming Language

Poster presented in The 28th GI/ITG International Conference on Architecture of Computing Systems (ARCS 2015). 24 to 26, Mar, 2015. Porto, Portugal.

A Modular Programming Approach for IoTBased Wireless Sensor Networks

Poster presented in 12th European Conference on Wireless Sensor Network (EWSN 2015). 9 to 11, Feb, 2015. Porto, Portugal.

Ensemble: an innovative approach to practice computer programming

Currently, the teaching-learning process in domains, such as computer programming, is characterized by an extensive curricula and a high enrolment of students. This poses a great workload for faculty and teaching assistants responsible for the creation, delivery, and assessment of student exercises. The main goal of this chapter is to foster practice-based learning in complex domains. This objective is attained with an e-learning framework—called Ensemble—as a conceptual tool to organize and facilitate technical interoperability among services. The Ensemble framework is used on a specific domain: computer programming. Content issues are tacked with a standard format to describe programming exercises as learning objects. Communication is achieved with the extension of existing specifications for the interoperation with several systems typically found in an e-learning environment. In order to evaluate the acceptability of the proposed solution, an Ensemble instance was validated on a classroom experiment with encouraging results.

Design a computer programming learning environment for Massive Open Online Courses

Teaching and learning computer programming is as challenging as difficult. Assessing the work of students and providing individualised feedback to all is time-consuming and error prone for teachers and frequently involves a time delay. The existent tools and specifications prove to be insufficient in complex evaluation domains where there is a greater need to practice. At the same time Massive Open Online Courses (MOOC) are appearing revealing a new way of learning, more dynamic and more accessible. However this new paradigm raises serious questions regarding the monitoring of student progress and its timely feedback. This paper provides a conceptual design model for a computer programming learning environment. This environment uses the portal interface design model gathering information from a network of services such as repositories and program evaluators. The design model includes also the integration with learning management systems, a central piece in the MOOC realm, endowing the model with characteristics such as scalability, collaboration and interoperability. This model is not limited to the domain of computer programming and can be adapted to any complex area that requires systematic evaluation with immediate feedback.

Structured Light System Calibration for Perception in Underwater Tanks

The process of visually exploring underwater environments is still a complex problem. Underwater vision systems require complementary means of sensor information to help overcome water disturbances. This work proposes the development of calibration methods for a structured light based system consisting on a camera and a laser with a line beam. Two different calibration procedures that require only two images from different viewpoints were developed and tested in dry and underwater environments. Results obtained show, an accurate calibration for the camera/projector pair with errors close to 1 mm even in the presence of a small stereos baseline.