Finding a school technological partner: a multicriteria method for school information system producer selection

The choice of an information systems is a critical factor of success in an organization's performance, since, by involving multiple decision-makers, with often conflicting objectives, several alternatives with aggressive marketing, makes it particularly complex by the scope of a consensus. The main objective of this work is to make the analysis and selection of a information system to support the school management, pedagogical and administrative components, using a multicriteria decision aid system – MMASSITI – Multicriteria Method- ology to Support the Selection of Information Systems/Information Technologies – integrates a multicriteria model that seeks to provide a systematic approach in the process of choice of Information Systems, able to produce sustained recommendations concerning the decision scope. Its application to a case study has identi- fied the relevant factors in the selection process of school educational and management information system and get a solution that allows the decision maker’ to compare the quality of the various alternatives.

Comparison of Disposable Pipette Extraction and Dispersive Solid-Phase Extraction in the QuEChERS Method for Analysis of Pesticides in Strawberries

In this study, we sought to assess the applicability of GC–MS/MS for the identification and quantification of 36 pesticides in strawberry from integrated pest management (IPM) and organic farming (OF). Citrate versions of QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged and safe) using dispersive solid-phase extraction (d-SPE) and disposable pipette extraction (DPX) for cleanup were compared for pesticide extraction. For cleanup, a combination of MgSO4, primary secondary amine and C18 was used for both the versions. Significant differences were observed in recovery results between the two sample preparation versions (DPX and d-SPE). Overall, 86% of the pesticides achieved recoveries (three spiking levels 10, 50 and 200 µg/kg) in the range of 70–120%, with <13% RSD. The matrix effects were also evaluated in both the versions and in strawberries from different crop types. Although not evidencing significant differences between the two methodologies were observed, however, the DPX cleanup proved to be a faster technique and easy to execute. The results indicate that QuEChERS with d-SPE and DPX and GC–MS/MS analysis achieved reliable quantification and identification of 36 pesticide residues in strawberries from OF and IPM.

Sensor electroquímico seletivo para a Norfloxacina

A Norfloxacina (NFX) é um antibiótico antibacteriano indicado para combater bactérias Gram-negativas e amplamente utilizado para o tratamento de infeções no trato respiratório e urinário. Com a necessidade de realizar estudos clínicos e farmacológicos esenvolveram-se métodos de análise rápida e sensitiva para a determinação da Norfloxacina. Neste trabalho foi desenvolvido um novo sensor eletroquímico sensível e seletivo para a deteção da NFX. O sensor foi construído a partir de modificações efetuadas num elétrodo de carbono vítreo. Inicialmente o elétrodo foi modificado com a deposição de uma suspensão de nanotubos de carbono de paredes múltiplas (MWCNT) de modo a aumentar a sensibilidade de resposta analítica. De seguida um filme polímerico molecularmente impresso (MIP) foi preparado por eletrodeposição, a partir de uma solução contendo pirrol (monómero funcional) e NFX (template). Um elétrodo de controlo não impresso foi também preparado (NIP). Estudouse e caraterizou-se a resposta eletroquímica do sensor para a oxidação da NFX por voltametria de onda quadrada. Foram optimizados diversos parâmetros experimentais, tais como, condições ótimas de polimerização, condições de incubação e condições de extração. O sensor apresenta um comportamento linear entre a intensidade da corrente do pico e o logaritmo da concentração de NFX na gama entre 0,1 e 8μM. Os resultados obtidos apresentam boa precisão, com repetibilidade inferior a 6% e reprodutibilidade inferior a 9%. Foi calculado a partir da curva de calibração um limite de deteção de 0,2 μM O método desenvolvido é seletivo, rápido e de fácil manuseamento. O sensor molecularmente impresso foi aplicado com sucesso na deteção da NFX em amostras de urina real e água.

Estudo eletroquímico do dano oxidativo promovido por RNOS e PAH e o efeito protetor de antioxidantes no ADN

No dia-a-dia, os organismos vivos estão sujeitos a vários tipos de agressões de origem endógena e exógena. A produção endógena exagerada de agentes oxidantes que ocorre nos processos metabólicos dos seres vivos está intimamente associada ao aparecimento e desenvolvimento de várias patologias. Por outro lado, e devido às atividades antropogénicas, muitos agentes oxidantes de origem ambiental e alimentar entram por via exógena no organismo dos seres vivos provocando igualmente danos a nível celular. De modo a protegerem-se dos efeitos pejorativos provocados por estes compostos, os organismos vivos desenvolveram mecanismos complexos de defesa antioxidante. Este trabalho consistiu no estudo eletroquímico do dano oxidativo induzido por agentes oxidantes (PAH (hidrocarbonetos aromáticos policíclicos), H2O2, NO• e HClO) e do efeito protetor, ao dano oxidativo, promovido por antioxidantes no material baseado no ADN recorrendo à utilização de um biossensor de bases púricas, adenina-EPC (elétrodo pasta de carbono) e dA20-EPC, utilizando a voltametria de onda quadrada (VOQ) como técnica de deteção. A aplicação da eletroquímica apresenta várias vantagens para a quantificação da capacidade antioxidante total (CAT) pois, permite a redução da quantidade de reagentes e amostra em análise, elimina a etapa de remoção de cor (a cor é um interferente nos métodos óticos) e não requer equipamentos dispendiosos. Foram seguidas diferentes abordagens para a construção dos biossensores. A primeira consistiu na construção de um adenina-EPC em três etapas: i) condicionamento do EPC, ii) eletrodeposição da adenina no EPC e iii) leitura do sinal eletroquímico. Assim, foram otimizados diversos parâmetros: concentração de adenina (150,0 mg/L), potencial de condicionamento (Ec) (+ 1,80 V), potencial de deposição (Ed) (+ 0,40 V), tempo de condicionamento (tc) (180 s) e tempo de deposição (td) (240 s). Foi aplicado o adenina-EPC no estudo do dano oxidativo provocado por PAH (benzo (g,h,i) perileno) e constatou-se que era necessário transformar o benzo (g,h,i) perileno num radical para se possível observar danos oxidativos induzidos no biossensor. A nova estratégia consistiu na construção de um dA20-EPC, através da adsorção física de uma gota de dA20 na superfície do EPC, com posterior secagem e leitura do sinal eletroquímico. Neste procedimento foi otimizada a concentração de dA20 (100,0 mg/L). O dano oxidativo provocado pelo H2O2, NO• e HClO foi estudado sobre o dA20-EPC e verificou-se que os três agentes oxidantes induziam dano oxidativo no dA20-EPC. Confirmou-se a capacidade do ácido ascórbico (AA) em proteger o dA20-EPC do dano oxidativo induzido por H2O2 e NO•. O biossensor desenvolvido (dA20-EPC) foi aplicado na avaliação da CAT de diferentes amostras reais (café, sumo de laranja e água aromatizada de laranja) usando-se como agentes oxidantes o H2O2 e NO•. Todas as amostras analisadas apresentaram ter capacidade antioxidante. Quando se utilizou o dA20-EPC na presença de H2O2, verificou-se que as amostras de café apresentam valores mais elevados de CAT (1130-1488 mg AAE/L) do que as amostras de bebidas (110 mg AAE/L em água aromatizada e 775 mg AAE/L em sumo). Os valores de CAT obtidos para amostras de sumo e água aromatizada na presença de NO• indicam que a amostra de sumo possui maior teor de CAT (871 mg AAE/L) conforme era esperado, do que a amostra de água aromatizada (172 mg AAE/L). Na presença de HClO, o valor de CAT mais elevado pertence a uma amostra de sumo (513 mg AAE/L) mas, o valor de CAT da amostra de sumo natural é muito mais baixa do que o esperado (17 mg AAE/L). Foram estudados outros antioxidantes para além do AA (ácido cumárico, ácido gálico e ácido cafeico), e constatou-se que cada um deles promove proteção ao dA20-EPC na presença de cada um dos diferentes contaminantes (H2O2, NO• e HClO).

Electrospun Polyaniline-Reduced Graphene Oxide Composite Nanofibers Based High Sensitive Ammonia Gas Sensor

Ammonia is an important gas in many power plants and industrial processes so its detection is of extreme importance in environmental monitoring and process control due to its high toxicity. Ammonia’s threshold limit is 25 ppm and the exposure time limit is 8 h, however exposure to 35 ppm is only secure for 10 min. In this work a brief introduction to ammonia aspects are presented, like its physical and chemical properties, the dangers in its manipulation, its ways of production and its sources. The application areas in which ammonia gas detection is important and needed are also referred: environmental gas analysis (e.g. intense farming), automotive-, chemical- and medical industries. In order to monitor ammonia gas in these different areas there are some requirements that must be attended. These requirements determine the choice of sensor and, therefore, several types of sensors with different characteristics were developed, like metal oxides, surface acoustic wave-, catalytic-, and optical sensors, indirect gas analyzers, and conducting polymers. All the sensors types are described, but more attention will be given to polyaniline (PANI), particularly to its characteristics, syntheses, chemical doping processes, deposition methods, transduction modes, and its adhesion to inorganic materials. Besides this, short descriptions of PANI nanostructures, the use of electrospinning in the formation of nanofibers/microfibers, and graphene and its characteristics are included. The created sensor is an instrument that tries to achieve a goal of the medical community in the control of the breath’s ammonia levels being an easy and non-invasive method for diagnostic of kidney malfunction and/or gastric ulcers. For that the device should be capable to detect different levels of ammonia gas concentrations. So, in the present work an ammonia gas sensor was developed using a conductive polymer composite which was immobilized on a carbon transducer surface. The experiments were targeted to ammonia measurements at ppb level. Ammonia gas measurements were carried out in the concentration range from 1 ppb to 500 ppb. A commercial substrate was used; screen-printed carbon electrodes. After adequate surface pre-treatment of the substrate, its electrodes were covered by a nanofibrous polymeric composite. The conducting polyaniline doped with sulfuric acid (H2SO4) was blended with reduced graphene oxide (RGO) obtained by wet chemical synthesis. This composite formed the basis for the formation of nanofibers by electrospinning. Nanofibers will increase the sensitivity of the sensing material. The electrospun PANI-RGO fibers were placed on the substrate and then dried at ambient temperature. Amperometric measurements were performed at different ammonia gas concentrations (1 to 500 ppb). The I-V characteristics were registered and some interfering gases were studied (NO2, ethanol, and acetone). The gas samples were prepared in a custom setup and were diluted with dry nitrogen gas. Electrospun nanofibers of PANI-RGO composite demonstrated an enhancement in NH3 gas detection when comparing with only electrospun PANI nanofibers. Was visible higher range of resistance at concentrations from 1 to 500 ppb. It was also observed that the sensor had stable, reproducible and recoverable properties. Moreover, it had better response and recovery times. The new sensing material of the developed sensor demonstrated to be a good candidate for ammonia gas determination.

Detection of cardiac biomarker proteins using a disposable based on a molecularly imprinted polymer grafted onto graphite

A low-cost disposable was developed for rapid detection of the protein biomarker myoglobin (Myo) as a model analyte. A screen printed electrode was modified with a molecularly imprinted material grafted on a graphite support and incorporated in a matrix composed of poly(vinyl chloride) and the plasticizer o-nitrophenyloctyl ether. The protein-imprinted material (PIM) was produced by growing a reticulated polymer around a protein template. This is followed by radical polymerization of 4-styrenesulfonic acid, 2-aminoethyl methacrylate hydrochloride, and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate. The polymeric layer was then covalently bound to the graphitic support, and Myo was added during the imprinting stage to act as a template. Non-imprinted control materials (CM) were also prepared by omitting the Myo template. Morphological and structural analysis of PIM and CM by FTIR, Raman, and SEM/EDC microscopies confirmed the modification of the graphite support. The analytical performance of the SPE was assessed by square wave voltammetry. The average limit of detection is 0.79 μg of Myo per mL, and the slope is −0.193 ± 0.006 μA per decade. The SPE-CM cannot detect such low levels of Myo but gives a linear response at above 7.2 μg · mL−1, with a slope of −0.719 ± 0.02 μA per decade. Interference studies with hemoglobin, bovine serum albumin, creatinine, and sodium chloride demonstrated good selectivity for Myo. The method was successfully applied to the determination of Myo urine and is conceived to be a promising tool for screening Myo in point-of-care patients with ischemia.

Sol-Gel Chemistry in Biosensing Devices of Electrical Transduction: Application to CEA Cancer Biomarker

Sol-gel chemistry allows the immobilization of organic molecules of biological origin on suibtable solid supports, permitting their integration into biosensing devices widening the possibility of local applications. The present work is an application of this principle, where the link between electrical receptor platform and the antibody acting as biorecognition element is made by sol-gel chemistry. The immunosensor design was targeted for carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), an important biomarker for screening the colorectal cancer, by electrochemical techniques, namely electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and square wave voltammetry (SVW). The device displayed linear behavior to CEA in EIS and in SWV assays ranging from 0.50 to 1.5ng/mL, and 0.25 to 1.5ng/mL, respectively. The corresponding detection limits were 0.42 and 0.043 ng/mL. Raman spectroscopy was used to characterize the surface modifications on the conductive platform (FTO glass). Overall, simple sol-gel chemistry was effective at the biosensing design and the presented approach can be a potential method for screening CEA in point-of-care, due to the simplicity of fabrication, short response time and low cost. - See more at: http://www.eurekaselect.com/127192/article#sthash.m1AWhINx.dpuf

The effect of method, standard and sample components on the total antioxidant capacity of commercial waters assessed by optical conventional assays

The total antioxidant capacity (TAC) of 28 flavoured water samples was assessed by ferric reducing antioxidant potential (FRAP), oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC), trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) and total reactive antioxidant potential (TRAP) methods. It was observed that flavoured waters had higher antioxidant activity than the corresponding natural ones. The observed differences were attributed to flavours, juice and vitamins. Generally, higher TAC contents were obtained on lemon waters and lower values on guava and raspberry flavoured waters. Lower and higher TACs were obtained by TRAP and ORAC method, respectively. Statistical analysis suggested that vitamins and flavours increased the antioxidant content of the commercial waters.

Rapid automated method for on-site determination of sulfadiazine in fish farming: a stainless steel veterinary syringe coated with a selective membrane of PVC serving as a potentiometric detector in a flow-injection-analysis system

Sulfadiazine is an antibiotic of the sulfonamide group and is used as a veterinary drug in fish farming. Monitoring it in the tanks is fundamental to control the applied doses and avoid environmental dissemination. Pursuing this goal, we included a novel potentiometric design in a flow-injection assembly. The electrode body was a stainless steel needle veterinary syringe of 0.8-mm inner diameter. A selective membrane of PVC acted as a sensory surface. Its composition, the length of the electrode, and other flow variables were optimized. The best performance was obtained for sensors of 1.5-cm length and a membrane composition of 33% PVC, 66% onitrophenyloctyl ether, 1% ion exchanger, and a small amount of a cationic additive. It exhibited Nernstian slopes of 61.0 mV decade-1 down to 1.0×10-5 mol L-1, with a limit of detection of 3.1×10-6 mol L-1 in flowing media. All necessary pH/ionic strength adjustments were performed online by merging the sample plug with a buffer carrier of 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazineethanesulfonic acid, pH 4.9. The sensor exhibited the advantages of a fast response time (less than 15 s), long operational lifetime (60 days), and good selectivity for chloride, nitrite, acetate, tartrate, citrate, and ascorbate. The flow setup was successfully applied to the analysis of aquaculture waters. The analytical results were validated against those obtained with liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry procedures. The sampling rate was about 84 samples per hour and recoveries ranged from 95.9 to 106.9%.

Local Fractional Variational Iteration Method for Local Fractional Poisson Equations in Two Independent Variables

The local fractional Poisson equations in two independent variables that appear in mathematical physics involving the local fractional derivatives are investigated in this paper. The approximate solutions with the nondifferentiable functions are obtained by using the local fractional variational iteration method.

Sol-gel biomimetic material designed to target CEA cancer biomarker

1st ASPIC International Congress

Calibration Method for Underwater Visual Ground-Truth System

This work presents an automatic calibration method for a vision based external underwater ground-truth positioning system. These systems are a relevant tool in benchmarking and assessing the quality of research in underwater robotics applications. A stereo vision system can in suitable environments such as test tanks or in clear water conditions provide accurate position with low cost and flexible operation. In this work we present a two step extrinsic camera parameter calibration procedure in order to reduce the setup time and provide accurate results. The proposed method uses a planar homography decomposition in order to determine the relative camera poses and the determination of vanishing points of detected lines in the image to obtain the global pose of the stereo rig in the reference frame. This method was applied to our external vision based ground-truth at the INESC TEC/Robotics test tank. Results are presented in comparison with an precise calibration performed using points obtained from an accurate 3D LIDAR modelling of the environment.

Validation of QuEChERS method for organochlorine pesticides analysis in tamarind (Tamarindus indica) products: Peel, fruit and commercial pulp

In this study a citrate-buffered version of QuEChERS (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged and Safe) method for determination of 14 organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) residues in tamarind peel, fruit and commercial pulp was optimized using gas chromatography (GC) coupled with electron-capture detector (ECD) and confirmation by GC tandem mass spectrometry (GC–MS/MS). Five procedures were tested based on the original QuEChERS method. The best one was achieved with increased time in ultrasonic bath. For the extract clean-up, primary secondary amine (PSA), octadecyl-bonded silica (C18) and magnesium sulphate (MgSO4) were used as sorbents for tamarind fruit and commercial pulp and for peel was also added graphitized carbon black (GCB). The samples mass was optimized according to the best recoveries (1.0 g for peel and fruit; 0.5 g for pulp). The method results showed the matrix-matched calibration curve linearity was r2 > 0.99 for all target analytes in all samples. The overall average recoveries (spiked at 20, 40 and 60 μg kg−1) have been considered satisfactory presenting values between 70 and 115% with RSD of 2–15 % (n = 3) for all analytes, with the exception of HCB (in peel sample). The ranges of limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) for OCPs were for peel (LOD: 8.0–21 μg kg−1; LOQ: 27–98 μg kg−1); for fruit (LOD: 4–10 μg kg−1; LOQ: 15–49 μg kg−1) and for commercial pulp (LOD: 2–5 μg kg−1; LOQ: 7–27 μg kg−1). The method was successfully applied in tamarind samples being considered a rapid, sensitive and reliable procedure.

Voltammetric analysis of mancozeb and its degradation product ethylenethiourea

The purpose of this work was to develop a reliable alternative method for the determination of the dithiocarbamate pesticide mancozeb (MCZ) in formulations. Furthermore, a method for the analysis of MCZ's major degradation product, ethylenethiourea (ETU), was also proposed. Cyclic voltammetry was used to characterize the electrochemical behavior of MCZ and ETU, and square-wave adsorptive stripping voltammetry (SWAdSV) was employed for MCZ quantification in commercial formulations. It was found that both MCZ and ETU are irreversibly reduced (− 0.6 V and − 0.5 V vs Ag/AgCl, respectively) at the surface of a glassy carbon electrode in a mainly diffusion-controlled process, presenting maximum peak current intensities at pH 7.0 (in phosphate buffered saline electrolyte). Several parameters of the SWAdSV technique were optimized and linear relationships between concentration and peak current intensity were established between 10–90 μmol L− 1 and 10–110 μmol L− 1 for MCZ and ETU, respectively. The limits of detection were 7.0 μmol L− 1 for MCZ and 7.8 μmol L− 1 for ETU. The optimized method for MCZ was successfully applied to the quantification of this pesticide in two commercial formulations. The developed procedures provided accurate and precise results and could be interesting alternatives to the established methods for quality control of the studied products, as well as for analysis of MCZ and ETU in environmental samples.