Desenvolvimento de Ontologia para Apoio ao Diagnóstico de Distúrbios do Humor

Mestrado em Computação e Instrumentação Médica

A Facilidade de aprendizagem de um software como medida da sua aceitabilidade

ISCAP 9 e 10 de Maio de 1997

Practical software improve design and performance of a randomly packed air stripping column for removing volatile organic compounds from water

STRIPPING is a software application developed for the automatic design of a randomly packing column where the transfer of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from water to air can be performed and to simulate it’s behaviour in a steady-state. This software completely purges any need of experimental work for the selection of diameter of the column, and allows a choice, a priori, of the most convenient hydraulic regime for this type of operation. It also allows the operator to choose the model used for the calculation of some parameters, namely between the Eckert/Robbins model and the Billet model for estimating the pressure drop of the gaseous phase, and between the Billet and Onda/Djebbar’s models for the mass transfer. Illustrations of the graphical interface offered are presented.

Gestão de projectos e equipas em PMEs de desenvolvimento de software

Este documento consubstancia um trabalho de natureza profissional, submetido a apreciação no âmbito de um pedido de atribuição pelo Instituto Politécnico do Porto do título de Especialista na área científica de Informática, mais concretamente em gestão de projectos e equipas em PMEs de desenvolvimento de software. Nesse sentido, proceder-se-á a uma breve análise do estado da prática relevante, seguida de uma descrição das funções que desempenhei ao longo do meu percurso profissional e dos principais projectos em que tive oportunidade de participar durante o mesmo. Finalmente, o documento procede a uma análise crítica de alguns sucessos e insucessos na aplicação do estado da prática, ilustrados com exemplos reais que vivenciei durante a minha carreira.

Towards a flexible and transparent database evolution

Applications refactorings that imply the schema evolution are common activities in programming practices. Although modern object-oriented databases provide transparent schema evolution mechanisms, those refactorings continue to be time consuming tasks for programmers. In this paper we address this problem with a novel approach based on aspect-oriented programming and orthogonal persistence paradigms, as well as our meta-model. An overview of our framework is presented. This framework, a prototype based on that approach, provides applications with aspects of persistence and database evolution. It also provides a new pointcut/advice language that enables the modularization of the instance adaptation crosscutting concern of classes, which were subject to a schema evolution. We also present an application that relies on our framework. This application was developed without any concern regarding persistence and database evolution. However, its data is recovered in each execution, as well as objects, in previous schema versions, remain available, transparently, by means of our framework.

Evolution of the application and database with aspects

Generally, the evolution process of applications has impact on their underlining data models, thus becoming a time-consuming problem for programmers and database administrators. In this paper we address this problem within an aspect-oriented approach, which is based on a meta-model for orthogonal persistent programming systems. Applying reflection techniques, our meta-model aims to be simpler than its competitors. Furthermore, it enables database multi-version schemas. We also discuss two case studies in order to demonstrate the advantages of our approach.

Evolution of Drug Resistance: Insight on TEM -Lactamases Structure and Activity and Beta-Lactam Antibiotics

Extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) prevalence was studied in the north of Portugal, among 193 clinical isolates belonging to citizens in a district in the boundaries between this country and Spain from a total of 7529 clinical strains. In the present study we recovered some members of Enterobacteriaceae family, producing ESBL enzymes, including Escherichia coli (67.9%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (30.6%), Klebsiella oxytoca (0.5%), Enterobacter aerogenes (0.5%), and Citrobacter freundii (0.5%). β-lactamases genes blaTEM, blaSHV, and blaCTX-M were screened by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing approaches. TEM enzymes were among the most prevalent types (40.9%) followed by CTX-M (37.3%) and SHV (23.3%). Among our sample of 193 ESBL-producing strains 99.0% were resistant to the fourth-generation cephalosporin cefepime. Of the 193 isolates 81.3% presented transferable plasmids harboring genes. Clonal studies were performed by PCR for the enterobacterial repetitive intragenic consensus (ERIC) sequences. This study reports a high diversity of genetic patterns. Ten clusters were found for E. coli isolates and five clusters for K. pneumoniae strains by means of ERIC analysis. In conclusion, in this country, the most prevalent type is still the TEM-type, but CTX-M is growing rapidly.

Visitas imersivas em contexto turístico

Engenharia Informática, Área de Especialização em Sistemas Gráficos e Multimédia

A atividade dos estabilizadores da omoplata e movimento compensatório do tronco no gesto de alcance em indivíduos pós AVE

Introdução: Lesões como o AVE interferem com a capacidade de recrutar níveis adequados de atividade muscular, podendo levar ao aparecimento de movimentos compensatórios como a excessiva translação anterior do tronco, associada ao gesto de alcance. Objetivos: Descrever a relação entre a atividade dos estabilizadores da omoplata e o movimento compensatório do tronco no gesto de alcance, em 4 indivíduos pós AVE. Pretendeu-se também analisar o papel dos estabilizadores da omoplata na função do membro superior. Métodos: Quatro indivíduos com diagnóstico de AVE, que apresentavam alterações no nível de actividade dos estabilizadores da omoplata contralesional, foram sujeitos a uma avaliação realizada em três momentos, antes (M0), durante (M1) e após (M2) e a um período de intervenção, segundo os princípios do Conceito de Bobath. Recorreu-se à electromiografia de superfície para avaliar a atividade e o timming dos músculos grande dorsal, trapézio superior e trapézio inferior do hemicorpo contralesional e ao software de Avaliação Postural (SAPO) para analisar o deslocamento do tronco no sentido anterior, associados à realização do gesto de alcance. Foram aplicadas as escalas RPS e MESUPES para avaliar as componentes de movimento do gesto de alcance e a função do membro superior, respetivamente. Recorreu-se ao registo fotográfico para análise dos componentes de movimento na posição de sentado e em pé.Resultados: Os dados eletromiográficos registam atividade dos estabilizadores da omoplata unicamente num indivíduo em M2. A análise do deslocamento anterior do tronco revela melhorias em M1 em todos os indivíduos, sendo que em M2 essa evolução positiva não foi observada em três dos participantes. Entre M0 e M2, na escala RPS registam-se melhorias de 7 a 9 pontos no alvo próximo e de 5 a 10 pontos no alvo distante. Na escala MESUPES verificam-se melhorias entre 5 a 18 pontos na sub-escala braço e entre 5 a 8 pontos na sub-escala mão, em M2. A avaliação do registo fotográfico revela modificações nos componentes de movimento dos quatro indivíduos, nomeadamente na integração dos MI na base de suporte, na atividade do tronco inferior e superior e no alinhamento do MS contralesional. Conclusão: A melhoria do nível da atividade dos estabilizadores dinâmicos da omoplata sugere ter influência na diminuição do movimento compensatório do tronco no gesto de alcance e parece ter um papel na melhoria da eficácia distal do MS do mesmo lado.

Teaching and learning with social software in higher education: content management systems integrated with Web-based applications as a key factor for success

The change of paradigm imposed by the Bologna process, in which the student will be responsible for their own learning, and the presence of a new generation of students with higher technological skills, represent a huge challenge for higher education institutions. The use of new Web Social concepts in teaching process, supported by applications commonly called Web 2.0, with which these new students feel at ease, can bring benefits in terms of motivation and the frequency and quality of students' involvement in academic activities. An e-learning platform with web-based applications as a complement can significantly contribute to the development of different skills in higher education students, covering areas which are usually in deficit.

One-step preparation of optically transparent Ni-Fe oxide film electrocatalyst for oxygen evolution reaction

Optically transparent cocatalyst film materials is very desirable for improved photoelectrochemical (PEC)oxygen evolution reaction (OER) over light harvesting photoelectrodes which require the exciting light to irradiate through the cocatalyst side, i.e., front-side illumination. In view of the reaction overpotential at electrode/electrolyte interface, the OER electrocatalysts have been extensively used as cocatalysts for PEC water oxidation on photoanode. In this work, the feasibility of a one-step fabrication of the transparent thin film catalyst for efficient electrochemical OER is investigated. The Ni-Fe bimetal oxide films, 200 nm in thickness, are used for study. Using a reactive magnetron co-sputtering technique, transparent(> 50% in wavelength range 500-2000 nm) Ni-Fe oxide films with high electrocatalytic activities were successfully prepared at room temperature. Upon optimization, the as-prepared bimetal oxide film with atomic ratio of Fe/Ni = 3:7 demonstrates the lowest overpotential for the OER in aqueous KOH solution, as low as 329 mV at current density of 2 mA cm 2, which is 135 and 108 mV lower than that of as-sputtered FeOx and NiOx thin films, respectively. It appears that this fabrication strategy is very promising to deposit optically transparent cocatalyst films on photoabsorbers for efficient PEC water splitting.

Engineering Temporal and Spatial Aspects in OWL using Patterns

WWW is a huge, open, heterogeneous system, however its contents data is mainly human oriented. The Semantic Web needs to assure that data is readable and “understandable” to intelligent software agents, though the use of explicit and formal semantics. Ontologies constitute a privileged artifact for capturing the semantic of the WWW data. Temporal and spatial dimensions are transversal to the generality of knowledge domains and therefore are fundamental for the reasoning process of software agents. Representing temporal/spatial evolution of concepts and their relations in OWL (W3C standard for ontologies) it is not straightforward. Although proposed several strategies to tackle this problem but there is still no formal and standard approach. This work main goal consists of development of methods/tools to support the engineering of temporal and spatial aspects in intelligent systems through the use of OWL ontologies. An existing method for ontology engineering, Fonte was used as framework for the development of this work. As main contributions of this work Fonte was re-engineered in order to: i) support the spatial dimension; ii) work with OWL Ontologies; iii) and support the application of Ontology Design Patterns. Finally, the capabilities of the proposed approach were demonstrated by engineering time and space in a demo ontology about football.

Análise dinâmica de composições musicais

A composição musical é um tema de muito interesse para a computação evolucionária dentro da área da inteligência artificial. É uma área que tem sofrido vários desenvolvimentos ao longo dos últimos anos pois o interesse em que hajam computadores que façam obras musicais é deveras aliciante. Este trabalho tem por objectivo realizar mais um passo nesse sentido. Assim, foi desenvolvida uma aplicação informática que realiza composições musicais de dois géneros distintos: Músicas Infantis e Músicas Blues. A aplicação foi implementada com recurso aos Algoritmos Genéticos, que são os algoritmos evolucionários mais populares da área da computação evolucionária. O trabalho foi estruturado em duas fases de desenvolvimento. Na primeira fase, realizou-se um levantamento estatístico sobre as características específicas de cada um dos géneros musicais. Analisaram-se quinze músicas de cada género musical, com o intuito de se chegar a uma proporção do uso que cada nota tem em cada um dos casos. Na segunda fase, desenvolveu-se o software que compõe as músicas com implementação de um algoritmo genético. Além disso, foi também desenvolvida uma interface gráfica que permite ao utilizador a escolha do género musical que pretende compor. O algoritmo genético começa por gerar uma população inicial de potenciais soluções de acordo com a escolha do utilizador, realizando, de seguida, o ciclo que caracteriza o algoritmo genético. A população inicial é constituída por soluções que seguem as regras que foram implementadas de acordo com os dados recolhidos ao longo da primeira fase. Foi também implementada uma interface de avaliação, através da qual, o utilizador pode ouvir cada uma das músicas para posterior avaliação em termos de fitness. O estado de evolução do algoritmo é apresentado, numa segunda interface, a qual facilita a clareza e justiça na avaliação ao longo de todo o processo. Esta última apresenta informação sobre a média das fitness da geração anterior e actual, sendo assim possível ter uma noção da evolução do algoritmo, no sentido de se obterem resultados satisfatórios no que diz respeito às composições musicais.

Rapid Evolution of the Sequences and Gene Repertoires

Proteins secreted to the extracellular environment or to the periphery of the cell envelope, the secretome, play essential roles in foraging, antagonistic and mutualistic interactions. We hypothesize that arms races, genetic conflicts and varying selective pressures should lead to the rapid change of sequences and gene repertoires of the secretome. The analysis of 42 bacterial pan-genomes shows that secreted, and especially extracellular proteins, are predominantly encoded in the accessory genome, i.e. among genes not ubiquitous within the clade. Genes encoding outer membrane proteins might engage more frequently in intra-chromosomal gene conversion because they are more often in multi-genic families. The gene sequences encoding the secretome evolve faster than the rest of the genome and in particular at non-synonymous positions. Cell wall proteins in Firmicutes evolve particularly fast when compared with outer membrane proteins of Proteobacteria. Virulence factors are over-represented in the secretome, notably in outer membrane proteins, but cell localization explains more of the variance in substitution rates and gene repertoires than sequence homology to known virulence factors. Accordingly, the repertoires and sequences of the genes encoding the secretome change fast in the clades of obligatory and facultative pathogens and also in the clades of mutualists and free-living bacteria. Our study shows that cell localization shapes genome evolution. In agreement with our hypothesis, the repertoires and the sequences of genes encoding secreted proteins evolve fast. The particularly rapid change of extracellular proteins suggests that these public goods are key players in bacterial adaptation.

Evolution of Drug Resistance: Insight on TEM β-Lactamases Structure and Activity and β-Lactam Antibiotics

Since the discovery of the first penicillin bacterial resistance to β-lactam antibiotics has spread and evolved promoting new resistances to pathogens. The most common mechanism of resistance is the production of β-lactamases that have spread thorough nature and evolve to complex phenotypes like CMT type enzymes. New antibiotics have been introduced in clinical practice, and therefore it becomes necessary a concise summary about their molecular targets, specific use and other properties. β-lactamases are still a major medical concern and they have been extensively studied and described in the scientific literature. Several authors agree that Glu166 should be the general base and Ser70 should perform the nucleophilic attack to the carbon of the carbonyl group of the β-lactam ring. Nevertheless there still is controversy on their catalytic mechanism. TEMs evolve at incredible pace presenting more complex phenotypes due to their tolerance to mutations. These mutations lead to an increasing need of novel, stronger and more specific and stable antibiotics. The present review summarizes key structural, molecular and functional aspects of ESBL, IRT and CMT TEM β-lactamases properties and up to date diagrams of the TEM variants with defined phenotype. The activity and structural characteristics of several available TEMs in the NCBI-PDB are presented, as well as the relation of the various mutated residues and their specific properties and some previously proposed catalytic mechanisms.