Distributed energy resources management with cyber-physical SCADA in the context of future smart grids

In the energy management of a small power system, the scheduling of the generation units is a crucial problem for which adequate methodologies can maximize the performance of the energy supply. This paper proposes an innovative methodology for distributed energy resources management. The optimal operation of distributed generation, demand response and storage resources is formulated as a mixed-integer linear programming model (MILP) and solved by a deterministic optimization technique CPLEX-based implemented in General Algebraic Modeling Systems (GAMS). The paper deals with a vision for the grids of the future, focusing on conceptual and operational aspects of electrical grids characterized by an intensive penetration of DG, in the scope of competitive environments and using artificial intelligence methodologies to attain the envisaged goals. These concepts are implemented in a computational framework which includes both grid and market simulation.

Smart offices and intelligent decision rooms

Nowadays computing technology research is focused on the development of Smart Environments. Following that line of thought several Smart Rooms projects were developed and their appliances are very diversified. The appliances include projects in the context of workplace or everyday living, entertainment, play and education. These appliances envisage to acquire and apply knowledge about the environment state in order to reason about it so as to define a desired state for its inhabitants and perform adaptation adaptation to these desires and therefore improving their involvement and satisfaction with that environment.

Hardware and software in smart decision rooms

Since the last decade research in Group Decision Making area have been focus in the building of meeting rooms that could support the decision making task and improve the quality of those decisions. However the emergence of Ambient Intelligence concept contributes with a new perspective, a different way of viewing traditional decision rooms. In this paper we will present an overview of Smart Decision Rooms providing Intelligence to the meeting environment, and we will also present LAID, an Ambient Intelligence Environment oriented to support Group Decision Making and some of the software tools that we already have installed in this environment.

LAID - a smart decision room with ambient intelligence for group decision making and argumentation support considering emotional aspects

Decision Making is one of the most important activities of the human being. Nowadays decisions imply to consider many different points of view, so decisions are commonly taken by formal or informal groups of persons. Groups exchange ideas or engage in a process of argumentation and counter-argumentation, negotiate, cooperate, collaborate or even discuss techniques and/or methodologies for problem solving. Group Decision Making is a social activity in which the discussion and results consider a combination of rational and emotional aspects. In this paper we will present a Smart Decision Room, LAID (Laboratory of Ambient Intelligence for Decision Making). In LAID environment it is provided the support to meeting room participants in the argumentation and decision making processes, combining rational and emotional aspects.

Contributo para o plano nacional de saúde 2011-2016 a perspectiva da fisioterapia Isabel de Souza Guerra Janeiro

O Plano Nacional de Saúde (PNS) é um instrumento estratégico, adoptado por cada vez mais países, que permite o alinhamento das políticas de saúde, de forma coerente e fundamentada, com o objectivo da maximização dos ganhos em saúde para a população desse país… …Para tal, o processo de planeamento, de estratégia e de gestão das políticas de saúde deve ser cíclico, interactivo e amplamente participado. Deve ser explícito, fundamentado, monitorizável e avaliado, permitindo a (re)construção de novos planos que criem novas opções estratégicas para a melhoria cumulativa do sistema de saúde e da saúde das populações In Site do Plano Nacional de Saúde. Alto Comissariado para a Saúde. 2011-2016 A Fisioterapia é a terceira maior profissão prestadora de cuidados não só na Europa como também em Portugal. Existem no momento cerca de 6000 Fisioterapeutas no nosso País, grande parte com as suas licenciaturas realizadas em Escola Públicas e é esperável que sejam cerca de 10000 em 2015. Além do número de fisioterapeutas ter vindo a crescer substancialmente tanto nível nacional como internacional, outros factores têm contribuído para a visibilidade da profissão: a World Health Professions Alliance (WHPA) – organização internacional que representava organismos mundiais de quatro profissões de saúde, - enfermeiros, médicos, dentistas e farmacêuticos - integrou recentemente a fisioterapia através da sua representante mundial, a World Confederation of Physical Therapy (WCPT). A WHPA é, neste momento, a maior e mais poderosa organização mundial para os profissionais de saúde. Através das suas cinco organizações representa mais de 600 organizações nacionais filiadas, falando para 26 milhões de profissionais de saúde em mais de 130 países. Esta aliança permite o trabalho em colaboração, de profissionais de saúde de todo o mundo, estando a Fisioterapia ao nível das outras quatro grandes profissões de Saúde. Porém, verificamos não existir ainda em Portugal, compreensão das potencialidades do contributo do fisioterapeuta junto das populações, nem o seu efectivo aproveitamento, tendo os fisioterapeutas portugueses um forte sentimento de que as reais mais-valias da profissão não são reconhecidas. A fisioterapia é parte essencial dos sistemas de saúde. Os fisioterapeutas podem praticar independentemente de outros profissionais de saúde e também no contexto de programas e projectos interdisciplinares de habilitação/reabilitação, com o objectivo de restaurar a função e a qualidade de vida, em indivíduos com perdas ou alterações de movimento. Os fisioterapeutas guiam-se pelos seus próprios códigos e princípios de éticos. Pensamos ser tempo de ver reflectido no PNS o contributo específico destes profissionais e deixarmos de encontrar em todos os documentos da saúde a menção exclusiva a médicos e enfermeiros, inclusivamente em áreas típicas da prestação daqueles profissionais. Nesse sentido deverão ser utilizados os indicadores próprios dos recursos e da prestação em fisioterapia criados pelos próprios profissionais Existem já normas de boas práticas para os fisioterapeutas e para unidades de fisioterapia baseadas em normas internacionais emanadas pela World Confederation of Physical Therapy (WCPT) e adaptadas à realidade Portuguesa, que deverão servir de base ao exercício da fisioterapia.

Energy resource management in smart grids considering an Intensive use of electric vehicles

The introduction of electricity markets and integration of Distributed Generation (DG) have been influencing the power system’s structure change. Recently, the smart grid concept has been introduced, to guarantee a more efficient operation of the power system using the advantages of this new paradigm. Basically, a smart grid is a structure that integrates different players, considering constant communication between them to improve power system operation and management. One of the players revealing a big importance in this context is the Virtual Power Player (VPP). In the transportation sector the Electric Vehicle (EV) is arising as an alternative to conventional vehicles propel by fossil fuels. The power system can benefit from this massive introduction of EVs, taking advantage on EVs’ ability to connect to the electric network to charge, and on the future expectation of EVs ability to discharge to the network using the Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) capacity. This thesis proposes alternative strategies to control these two EV modes with the objective of enhancing the management of the power system. Moreover, power system must ensure the trips of EVs that will be connected to the electric network. The EV user specifies a certain amount of energy that will be necessary to charge, in order to ensure the distance to travel. The introduction of EVs in the power system turns the Energy Resource Management (ERM) under a smart grid environment, into a complex problem that can take several minutes or hours to reach the optimal solution. Adequate optimization techniques are required to accommodate this kind of complexity while solving the ERM problem in a reasonable execution time. This thesis presents a tool that solves the ERM considering the intensive use of EVs in the smart grid context. The objective is to obtain the minimum cost of ERM considering: the operation cost of DG, the cost of the energy acquired to external suppliers, the EV users payments and remuneration and penalty costs. This tool is directed to VPPs that manage specific network areas, where a high penetration level of EVs is expected to be connected in these areas. The ERM is solved using two methodologies: the adaptation of a deterministic technique proposed in a previous work, and the adaptation of the Simulated Annealing (SA) technique. With the purpose of improving the SA performance for this case, three heuristics are additionally proposed, taking advantage on the particularities and specificities of an ERM with these characteristics. A set of case studies are presented in this thesis, considering a 32 bus distribution network and up to 3000 EVs. The first case study solves the scheduling without considering EVs, to be used as a reference case for comparisons with the proposed approaches. The second case study evaluates the complexity of the ERM with the integration of EVs. The third case study evaluates the performance of scheduling with different control modes for EVs. These control modes, combined with the proposed SA approach and with the developed heuristics, aim at improving the quality of the ERM, while reducing drastically its execution time. The proposed control modes are: uncoordinated charging, smart charging and V2G capability. The fourth and final case study presents the ERM approach applied to consecutive days.

QoS-enabled middleware for smart grids

Emerging smart grid systems must be able to react quickly and predictably, adapting their operation to changing energy supply and demand, by controlling energy consuming and energy storage devices. An intrinsic problem with smart grids is that energy produced from in-house renewable sources is affected by fluctuating weather factors. The applications driving smart grids operation must rely on a solid communication network that is secure, highly scalable, and always available. Thus, any communication infrastructure for smart grids should support its potential of producing high quantities of real-time data, with the goal of reacting to state changes by actuating on devices in real-time, while providing Quality of Service (QoS).

Smart-HOP: a reliable handoff mechanism for mobile wireless sensor networks

Handoff processes, the events where mobile nodes select the best access point available to transfer data, have been well studied in cellular and WiFi networks. However, wireless sensor networks (WSN) pose a new set of challenges due to their simple low-power radio transceivers and constrained resources. This paper proposes smart-HOP, a handoff mechanism tailored for mobile WSN applications. This work provides two important contributions. First, it demonstrates the intrinsic relationship between handoffs and the transitional region. The evaluation shows that handoffs perform the best when operating in the transitional region, as opposed to operating in the more reliable connected region. Second, the results reveal that a proper fine tuning of the parameters, in the transitional region, can reduce handoff delays by two orders of magnitude, from seconds to tens of milliseconds.

Poster abstract: Smart-HOP: a reliable handoff procedure for supporting mobility in wireless sensor networks

This poster abstract presents smart-HOP, a reliable handoff mechanism for mobility support in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). This technique relies on a fuzzy logic approach applied at two levels: the link quality estimation level and the access point selection level. We present the conceptual design of smart-HOP and then we discuss implementation requirements and challenges.

ENCOURAGE architecture: support for heterogeneous smart grids

Our society relies on energy for most of its activities. One application domain inciding heavily on the energy budget regards the energy consumption in residential and non-residential buildings. The ever increasing needs for energy, resulting from the industrialization of developing countries and from the limited scalability of the traditional technologies for energy production, raises both problems and opportunities. The problems are related to the devastating effects of the greenhouse gases produced by the burning of oil and gas for energy production, and from the dependence of whole countries on companies providing gas and oil. The opportunities are mostly technological, since novel markets are opening for both energy production via renewable sources, and for innovations that can rationalize energy usage. An enticing research effort can be the mixing of these two aspects, by leveraging on ICT technologies to rationalize energy production, acquisition, and consumption. The ENCOURAGE project aims to develop embedded intelligence and integration technologies that will directly optimize energy use in buildings and enable active participation in the future smart grid environment.The primary application domains targeted by the ENCOURAGE project are non-residential buildings (e.g.: campuses) and residential buildings (e.g.: neighborhoods). The goal of the project is to achieve 20% of energy savings through the improved interoperability between various types of energy generation, consumption and storage devices; interbuilding energy exchange; and systematic performance monitoring.

A smart layer for remote laboratories

Commonly, when a weblab is developed to support remote experiments in sciences and engineering courses, a particular hardware/software architecture is implemented. However, the existence of several technological solutions to implement those architectures difficults the emergence of a standard, both at hardware and software levels. While particular solutions are adopted assuming that only qualified people may implement a weblab, the control of the physical space and the power consumption are often forgotten. Since controlling these two previous aspects may increase the quality of the weblab hosting the remote experiments, this paper proposes the useof a new layer implemented by a domotic system bus with several devices (e.g. lights, power sockets, temperature sensors, and others) able to be controlled through the Internet. We also provide a brief proof-of-concept in the form of a weblab equipped with a simple domotic system usually implemented in smart houses. The added value to the remote experiment hosted at the weblab is also identified in terms of power savings and environment conditions.

Smart object for 3D interaction

This paper reports on the creation of an interface for 3D virtual environments, computer-aided design applications or computer games. Standard computer interfaces are bound to 2D surfaces, e.g., computer mouses, keyboards, touch pads or touch screens. The Smart Object is intended to provide the user with a 3D interface by using sensors that register movement (inertial measurement unit), touch (touch screen) and voice (microphone). The design and development process as well as the tests and results are presented in this paper. The Smart Object was developed by a team of four third-year engineering students from diverse scientific backgrounds and nationalities during one semester.

Fast mobility support in low-power wireless networks: smart-HOP over RPL/6LoWPAN

With the emergence of low-power wireless hardware new ways of communication were needed. In order to standardize the communication between these low powered devices the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) released the 6LoWPAN stand- ard that acts as an additional layer for making the IPv6 link layer suitable for the lower-power and lossy networks. In the same way, IPv6 Routing Protocol for Low- Power and Lossy Networks (RPL) has been proposed by the IETF Routing Over Low power and Lossy networks (ROLL) Working Group as a standard routing protocol for IPv6 routing in low-power wireless sensor networks. The research performed in this thesis uses these technologies to implement a mobility process. Mobility management is a fundamental yet challenging area in low-power wireless networks. There are applications that require mobile nodes to exchange data with a xed infrastructure with quality-of-service guarantees. A prime example of these applications is the monitoring of patients in real-time. In these scenarios, broadcast- ing data to all access points (APs) within range may not be a valid option due to the energy consumption, data storage and complexity requirements. An alternative and e cient option is to allow mobile nodes to perform hand-o s. Hand-o mechanisms have been well studied in cellular and ad-hoc networks. However, low-power wireless networks pose a new set of challenges. On one hand, simpler radios and constrained resources ask for simpler hand-o schemes. On the other hand, the shorter coverage and higher variability of low-power links require a careful tuning of the hand-o parameters. In this work, we tackle the problem of integrating smart-HOP within a standard protocol, speci cally RPL. The simulation results in Cooja indicate that the pro- posed scheme minimizes the hand-o delay and the total network overhead. The standard RPL protocol is simply unable to provide a reliable mobility support sim- ilar to other COTS technologies. Instead, they support joining and leaving of nodes, with very low responsiveness in the existence of physical mobility.

Caracterização dos consumos energéticos e estudo do potencial de melhoria da eficiência energética em edifícios de escritórios

A forte preocupação ambiental, nomeadamente a emissão de Gases com Efeito de Estufa (GEE), aliada à constante ameaça do esgotamento dos combustíveis de origem fóssil, leva à necessidade de consumir energia de forma mais eficiente. Neste sentido, surge a promoção da eficiência energética nos diversos sectores consumidores de energia em todo o Mundo. Sabendo que passamos mais de 80% do nosso tempo dentro de edifícios, e que cerca de 40% da energia mundial é consumida nos mesmos [ADENE], é importante operar no sentido de promover a utilização racional de energia e incentivar ao consumo eficiente da mesma nos edifícios. Apesar do esforço que tem sido realizado a nível nacional, no sentido de melhorar a eficiência energética em edifícios de serviços, através da implementação de legislação diversa e de vários programas de incentivo, existem ainda várias lacunas a serem colmatadas e muito trabalho a fazer nesse sentido. Por tudo isto, e principalmente por ter constantemente em mente premissas como “a energia mais barata é aquela que não se consome” ou “não podemos gerir aquilo que não medimos”, surgiu a ideia de realizar esta dissertação, onde inicialmente através de dados provenientes de telecontagem se desenvolve uma tentativa de padronização/tipificação do consumo eléctrico em seis edifícios de escritórios, identificando-se assim algumas situações anómalas em diversos diagramas de carga construídos. Relaciona-se também o consumo eléctrico dos seis edifícios com algumas variáveis exógenas, de modo a perceber a influência das mesmas no consumo eléctrico de cada edifício. Numa vertente mais prática, foram identificadas e quantificadas potenciais medidas de melhoria, comportamentais e técnicas, num dos edifícios em estudo, de modo a poder contribuir para a redução do consumo energético do mesmo. Espera-se que este trabalho, possa eventualmente constituir uma ajuda na caracterização de consumos e detecção de medidas de melhoria em edifícios de escritórios, alcançando a eficiência energética neste tipo de instalações e facilitando assim o trabalho de vários profissionais do sector. Pretende-se igualmente demonstrar a importância da eficiência energética na gestão do uso da energia eléctrica em edifícios, e efectuar um paralelo entre a energia economizada por meio da implementação de medidas/acções de uso racional e eficiente, com a redução da queima de combustíveis fosseis na geração de energia eléctrica e a sua consequente redução nas emissões de dióxido de carbono (CO2), com o objectivo final de melhorar a qualidade de vida no nosso planeta.

Distributed, Agent-Based Intelligent System for Demand Response Program Simulation in Smart Grids

A distributed, agent-based intelligent system models and simulates a smart grid using physical players and computationally simulated agents. The proposed system can assess the impact of demand response programs.