Teaching and learning with social software in higher education: content management systems integrated with Web-based applications as a key factor for success

The change of paradigm imposed by the Bologna process, in which the student will be responsible for their own learning, and the presence of a new generation of students with higher technological skills, represent a huge challenge for higher education institutions. The use of new Web Social concepts in teaching process, supported by applications commonly called Web 2.0, with which these new students feel at ease, can bring benefits in terms of motivation and the frequency and quality of students' involvement in academic activities. An e-learning platform with web-based applications as a complement can significantly contribute to the development of different skills in higher education students, covering areas which are usually in deficit.

Armazéns de dados em bases de dados NoSQL

Na atualidade, existe uma quantidade de dados criados diariamente que ultrapassam em muito as mais otimistas espectativas estabelecidas na década anterior. Estes dados têm origens bastante diversas e apresentam-se sobre várias formas. Este novo conceito que dá pelo nome de Big Data está a colocar novos e rebuscados desafios ao seu armazenamento, tratamento e manipulação. Os tradicionais sistemas de armazenamento não se apresentam como a solução indicada para este problema. Estes desafios são alguns dos mais analisados e dissertados temas informáticos do momento. Várias tecnologias têm emergido com esta nova era, das quais se salienta um novo paradigma de armazenamento, o movimento NoSQL. Esta nova filosofia de armazenamento visa responder às necessidades de armazenamento e processamento destes volumosos e heterogéneos dados. Os armazéns de dados são um dos componentes mais importantes do âmbito Business Intelligence e são, maioritariamente, utilizados como uma ferramenta de apoio aos processos de tomada decisão, levados a cabo no dia-a-dia de uma organização. A sua componente histórica implica que grandes volumes de dados sejam armazenados, tratados e analisados tendo por base os seus repositórios. Algumas organizações começam a ter problemas para gerir e armazenar estes grandes volumes de informação. Esse facto deve-se, em grande parte, à estrutura de armazenamento que lhes serve de base. Os sistemas de gestão de bases de dados relacionais são, há algumas décadas, considerados como o método primordial de armazenamento de informação num armazém de dados. De facto, estes sistemas começam a não se mostrar capazes de armazenar e gerir os dados operacionais das organizações, sendo consequentemente cada vez menos recomendada a sua utilização em armazéns de dados. É intrinsecamente interessante o pensamento de que as bases de dados relacionais começam a perder a luta contra o volume de dados, numa altura em que um novo paradigma de armazenamento surge, exatamente com o intuito de dominar o grande volume inerente aos dados Big Data. Ainda é mais interessante o pensamento de que, possivelmente, estes novos sistemas NoSQL podem trazer vantagens para o mundo dos armazéns de dados. Assim, neste trabalho de mestrado, irá ser estudada a viabilidade e as implicações da adoção de bases de dados NoSQL, no contexto de armazéns de dados, em comparação com a abordagem tradicional, implementada sobre sistemas relacionais. Para alcançar esta tarefa, vários estudos foram operados tendo por base o sistema relacional SQL Server 2014 e os sistemas NoSQL, MongoDB e Cassandra. Várias etapas do processo de desenho e implementação de um armazém de dados foram comparadas entre os três sistemas, sendo que três armazéns de dados distintos foram criados tendo por base cada um dos sistemas. Toda a investigação realizada neste trabalho culmina no confronto da performance de consultas, realizadas nos três sistemas.

Using data mining techniques to support breast cancer diagnosis

More than ever, there is an increase of the number of decision support methods and computer aided diagnostic systems applied to various areas of medicine. In breast cancer research, many works have been done in order to reduce false-positives when used as a double reading method. In this study, we aimed to present a set of data mining techniques that were applied to approach a decision support system in the area of breast cancer diagnosis. This method is geared to assist clinical practice in identifying mammographic findings such as microcalcifications, masses and even normal tissues, in order to avoid misdiagnosis. In this work a reliable database was used, with 410 images from about 115 patients, containing previous reviews performed by radiologists as microcalcifications, masses and also normal tissue findings. Throughout this work, two feature extraction techniques were used: the gray level co-occurrence matrix and the gray level run length matrix. For classification purposes, we considered various scenarios according to different distinct patterns of injuries and several classifiers in order to distinguish the best performance in each case described. The many classifiers used were Naïve Bayes, Support Vector Machines, k-nearest Neighbors and Decision Trees (J48 and Random Forests). The results in distinguishing mammographic findings revealed great percentages of PPV and very good accuracy values. Furthermore, it also presented other related results of classification of breast density and BI-RADS® scale. The best predictive method found for all tested groups was the Random Forest classifier, and the best performance has been achieved through the distinction of microcalcifications. The conclusions based on the several tested scenarios represent a new perspective in breast cancer diagnosis using data mining techniques.

Modified Discrete PSO to Increase the Delivered Energy Probability in Distribution energy Systems

This paper proposes a PSO based approach to increase the probability of delivering power to any load point by identifying new investments in distribution energy systems. The statistical failure and repair data of distribution components is the main basis of the proposed methodology that uses a fuzzyprobabilistic modeling for the components outage parameters. The fuzzy membership functions of the outage parameters of each component are based on statistical records. A Modified Discrete PSO optimization model is developed in order to identify the adequate investments in distribution energy system components which allow increasing the probability of delivering power to any customer in the distribution system at the minimum possible cost for the system operator. To illustrate the application of the proposed methodology, the paper includes a case study that considers a 180 bus distribution network.

Upper Ontology for Multi-Agent Energy Systems’ Applications

Energy systems worldwide are complex and challenging environments. Multi-agent based simulation platforms are increasing at a high rate, as they show to be a good option to study many issues related to these systems, as well as the involved players at act in this domain. In this scope the authors research group has developed three multi-agent systems: MASCEM, which simulates the electricity markets; ALBidS that works as a decision support system for market players; and MASGriP, which simulates the internal operations of smart grids. To take better advantage of these systems, their integration is mandatory. For this reason, is proposed the development of an upper-ontology which allows an easier cooperation and adequate communication between them. Additionally, the concepts and rules defined by this ontology can be expanded and complemented by the needs of other simulation and real systems in the same areas as the mentioned systems. Each system’s particular ontology must be extended from this top-level ontology.

MASCEM Restructuring: Ontologies For Scenarios Generation in Power Systems Simulators

The electricity market restructuring, along with the increasing necessity for an adequate integration of renewable energy sources, is resulting in an rising complexity in power systems operation. Various power system simulators have been introduced in recent years with the purpose of helping operators, regulators, and involved players to understand and deal with this complex environment. This paper focuses on the development of an upper ontology which integrates the essential concepts necessary to interpret all the available information. The restructuring of MASCEM (Multi-Agent System for Competitive Electricity Markets), and this system’s integration with MASGriP (Multi-Agent Smart Grid Platform), and ALBidS (Adaptive Learning Strategic Bidding System) provide the means for the exemplification of the usefulness of this ontology. A practical example is presented, showing how common simulation scenarios for different simulators, directed to very distinct environments, can be created departing from the proposed ontology.

Real-Time Tariffs for Electric Vehicles in Wind Power based Power Systems

The use of Electric Vehicles (EVs) will change significantly the planning and management of power systems in a near future. This paper proposes a real-time tariff strategy for the charge process of the EVs. The main objective is to evaluate the influence of real-time tariffs in the EVs owners’ behaviour and also the impact in load diagram. The paper proposes the energy price variation according to the relation between wind generation and power consumption. The proposed strategy was tested in two different days in the Danish power system. January 31st and August 13th 2013 were selected because of the high quantities of wind generation. The main goal is to evaluate the changes in the EVs charging diagram with the energy price preventing wind curtailment.

Short-term Wind Speed Forecasting using Support Vector Machines

Wind speed forecasting has been becoming an important field of research to support the electricity industry mainly due to the increasing use of distributed energy sources, largely based on renewable sources. This type of electricity generation is highly dependent on the weather conditions variability, particularly the variability of the wind speed. Therefore, accurate wind power forecasting models are required to the operation and planning of wind plants and power systems. A Support Vector Machines (SVM) model for short-term wind speed is proposed and its performance is evaluated and compared with several artificial neural network (ANN) based approaches. A case study based on a real database regarding 3 years for predicting wind speed at 5 minutes intervals is presented.

Sistema pericial para auditoria de registos clínicos

O registo clinico é um documento hospitalar confidencial, nele é registado todo o percurso clinico de um determinado paciente. Esse percurso é registado através da atribuição de códigos descritos num sistema de classificação, também denominados de dados da codificação. Os dados da codificação são armazenados electronicamente numa Base de Dados, e é a partir dela que certas medidas, tais como facturação hospitalar, financiamentos hospitalares anuais, tratamentos médicos, ou até mesmo dados epidemiológicos, são adotadas. Portanto torna-se fundamental a garantia da qualidade na área da codificação clinica, para isso é necessário recorrer a processos de auditorias aos registos clínicos. O processo de auditoria é uma atividade independente de avaliação, cujo objetivo visa acrescentar valor e melhorar os objetos e processos da auditoria. Atualmente uma ferramenta denominada de Programa Auditor é utilizada, contudo essa ferramenta demonstra uma tecnologia já ultrapassada. A Tese que se pretende defender é a de que, através de Sistemas Periciais, é possível realizar auditorias internas aos registos clínicos. Pretende-se ainda demonstrar que dos Sistemas Periciais e um benefício para os peritos na área, pois diminui a probabilidade de erros e torna o processo de verificação menos moroso. Neste contexto, o objetivo desta Dissertação prende-se em definir e implementar um Sistema Pericial que permita a auditoria de registos clínicos hospitalares. O Sistema Pericial dever a ainda ser capaz de traduzir o raciocínio do perito, detectando assim diversos tipos de erros que traduzem num registo clínico não conforme. Por sua vez, foi desenvolvido um protótipo de um Sistema Pericial para auditoria de registos clínicos em linguagem PROLOG. Este mesmo protótipo serviu de base à realização de uma experiência que permitiu comparar com o programa Auditor e verificar a sua aplicabilidade no dia-a-dia hospitalar.