Real-Time Tariffs for Electric Vehicles in Wind Power based Power Systems

The use of Electric Vehicles (EVs) will change significantly the planning and management of power systems in a near future. This paper proposes a real-time tariff strategy for the charge process of the EVs. The main objective is to evaluate the influence of real-time tariffs in the EVs owners’ behaviour and also the impact in load diagram. The paper proposes the energy price variation according to the relation between wind generation and power consumption. The proposed strategy was tested in two different days in the Danish power system. January 31st and August 13th 2013 were selected because of the high quantities of wind generation. The main goal is to evaluate the changes in the EVs charging diagram with the energy price preventing wind curtailment.

Distributed energy resources scheduling considering real-time resources forecast

Energy resource scheduling is becoming increasingly important, such as the use of more distributed generators and electric vehicles connected to the distribution network. This paper proposes a methodology to be used by Virtual Power Players (VPPs), regarding the energy resource scheduling in smart grids and considering day-ahead, hour-ahead and realtime time horizons. This method considers that energy resources are managed by a VPP which establishes contracts with their owners. The full AC power flow calculation included in the model takes into account network constraints. In this paper, distribution function errors are used to simulate variations between time horizons, and to measure the performance of the proposed methodology. A 33-bus distribution network with large number of distributed resources is used.

Real-time Energy Resource Scheduling considering a Real Portuguese Scenario

The development in power systems and the introduction of decentralized generation and Electric Vehicles (EVs), both connected to distribution networks, represents a major challenge in the planning and operation issues. This new paradigm requires a new energy resources management approach which considers not only the generation, but also the management of loads through demand response programs, energy storage units, EVs and other players in a liberalized electricity markets environment. This paper proposes a methodology to be used by Virtual Power Players (VPPs), concerning the energy resource scheduling in smart grids, considering day-ahead, hour-ahead and real-time scheduling. The case study considers a 33-bus distribution network with high penetration of distributed energy resources. The wind generation profile is based on a real Portuguese wind farm. Four scenarios are presented taking into account 0, 1, 2 and 5 periods (hours or minutes) ahead of the scheduling period in the hour-ahead and realtime scheduling.

Dynamic Approach and Testbed for Small and Medium Players Simulation in Smart Grid Environments

The Smart Grid environment allows the integration of resources of small and medium players through the use of Demand Response programs. Despite the clear advantages for the grid, the integration of consumers must be carefully done. This paper proposes a system which simulates small and medium players. The system is essential to produce tests and studies about the active participation of small and medium players in the Smart Grid environment. When comparing to similar systems, the advantages comprise the capability to deal with three types of loads – virtual, contextual and real. It can have several loads optimization modules and it can run in real time. The use of modules and the dynamic configuration of the player results in a system which can represent different players in an easy and independent way. This paper describes the system and all its capabilities.

Real-Time Simulation of Real-Time Pricing Demand Response to Meet Wind Variations

Recent changes of paradigm in power systems opened the opportunity to the active participation of new players. The small and medium players gain new opportunities while participating in demand response programs. This paper explores the optimal resources scheduling in two distinct levels. First, the network operator facing large wind power variations makes use of real time pricing to induce consumers to meet wind power variations. Then, at the consumer level, each load is managed according to the consumer preferences. The two-level resources schedule has been implemented in a real-time simulation platform, which uses hardware for consumer’ loads control. The illustrative example includes a situation of large lack of wind power and focuses on a consumer with 18 loads.

Using Typical Consumption Profiles to Stablish the Consumption Level for Short Time Periods

The current practices in the consumption metering by electricity utilities is currently largely based on monthly consumption reading. The consumption metering device is always calculating the cumulative consumption. Then, it is possible to calculate the difference between the actual and the previous consumption evaluation in order to estimate the monthly consumption. The power systems planning needs in many aspects to handle consumption data obtained for shorter periods, namely in the Demand Response programs planning. The work presented in this paper is based on the application of typical consumption profiles that are previously defined for a certain power system area. Such profiles are then used in order to estimate the 15 minutes consumption for a certain consumer or consumer type.

Projetos geotérmicos para usos diretos em Portugal Continental: tipologias e viabilidade económica

Os aproveitamentos geotérmicos têm vindo a aumentar significativamente em todo o mundo, sendo os Estados Unidos da América, o maior produtor desta energia proveniente do interior da Terra, com cerca de 3.187 MW de capacidade instalada. Portugal tem capacidade instalada total de 29 MW, no entanto no que se refere ao aproveitamento de “alta entalpia”, isto é, o aproveitamento geotérmico para produção elétrica, apenas se encontra no arquipélago dos Açores, na ilha de S. Miguel, onde estão instaladas e em funcionamento duas centrais geotérmicas com a potência total de 23 MW, com produção de energia de 185 GWh. Em Portugal Continental, não se consegue produzir energia elétrica devido às temperaturas existentes, restringindo esta utilização apenas ao aproveitamento de baixa entalpia (máximo de 76 ºC). Este aproveitamento normalmente é feito em cascata, segundo, predominando o aquecimento de águas sanitárias, climatização, e para termas, usando águas termominerais. Para a exploração deste recurso renovável, é necessário conhecer a hidrogeologia do país, e relacioná-la com a fracturação, e acidentes tectónicos. Portugal Continental, está divido em quatros partes distintas a nível hidrogeológico, o Maciço Antigo, a Orla Ocidental, a Bacia Tejo-Sado e a Orla Meridional. Qualquer aproveitamento geotérmico em Portugal terá de atender a estas características, potenciando também, novas explorações geotérmicas orientadas para as pessoas, respeitando os valores sociais, culturais e ambientais. Neste contexto, existem alguns complexos geotérmicos em funcionamento, outros abandonados, e muitos outros em estudo para uma breve aplicação. Um exemplo de sucesso no aproveitamento do calor geotérmico, é o complexo de Chaves, que foi evoluindo desde 1985, até aos dias de hoje, continuando em exploração e em expansão para um melhor servir da população local. A existência de dois furos, e brevemente dum terceiro, servem para o abastecimento duma piscina, dum hotel, das termas, e da balneoterapia. Devido à riqueza a nível das temperaturas, dos caudais, e ao nível das necessidades energéticas existentes, este complexo apresenta um tempo de retorno de investimento de cerca de 7 anos, o que é geralmente considerado para investimentos para fins públicos, como é o caso. No âmbito das investigações agora realizadas, foi constatado que estes projetos suportam a cobertura de alguma incerteza hidrogeológica, dada a importante procura existente.

Exploring distributed computing tools through data mining tasks

Harnessing idle PCs CPU cycles, storage space and other resources of networked computers to collaborative are mainly fixated on for all major grid computing research projects. Most of the university computers labs are occupied with the high puissant desktop PC nowadays. It is plausible to notice that most of the time machines are lying idle or wasting their computing power without utilizing in felicitous ways. However, for intricate quandaries and for analyzing astronomically immense amounts of data, sizably voluminous computational resources are required. For such quandaries, one may run the analysis algorithms in very puissant and expensive computers, which reduces the number of users that can afford such data analysis tasks. Instead of utilizing single expensive machines, distributed computing systems, offers the possibility of utilizing a set of much less expensive machines to do the same task. BOINC and Condor projects have been prosperously utilized for solving authentic scientific research works around the world at a low cost. In this work the main goal is to explore both distributed computing to implement, Condor and BOINC, and utilize their potency to harness the ideal PCs resources for the academic researchers to utilize in their research work. In this thesis, Data mining tasks have been performed in implementation of several machine learning algorithms on the distributed computing environment.