Fractional model for malaria transmission under control strategies

We study a fractional model for malaria transmission under control strategies.Weconsider the integer order model proposed by Chiyaka et al. (2008) in [15] and modify it to become a fractional order model. We study numerically the model for variation of the values of the fractional derivative and of the parameter that models personal protection, b. From observation of the figures we conclude that as b is increased from 0 to 1 there is a corresponding decrease in the number of infectious humans and infectious mosquitoes, for all values of α. This means that this result is invariant for variation of fractional derivative, in the values tested. These results are in agreement with those obtained in Chiyaka et al.(2008) [15] for α = 1.0 and suggest that our fractional model is epidemiologically wellposed.

Remoção de metais usando casca de amendoim

Mestrado em Engenharia Química

A theoretical study on modelling the respiratory tract with ladder networks by means of intrinsic fractal geometry

Fractional order modeling of biological systems has received significant interest in the research community. Since the fractal geometry is characterized by a recurrent structure, the self-similar branching arrangement of the airways makes the respiratory system an ideal candidate for the application of fractional calculus theory. To demonstrate the link between the recurrence of the respiratory tree and the appearance of a fractional-order model, we develop an anatomically consistent representation of the respiratory system. This model is capable of simulating the mechanical properties of the lungs and we compare the model output with in vivo measurements of the respiratory input impedance collected in 20 healthy subjects. This paper provides further proof of the underlying fractal geometry of the human lungs, and the consequent appearance of constant-phase behavior in the total respiratory impedance.

New findings on the dynamics of HIV and TB coinfection models

In this paper we study a model for HIV and TB coinfection. We consider the integer order and the fractional order versions of the model. Let α∈[0.78,1.0] be the order of the fractional derivative, then the integer order model is obtained for α=1.0. The model includes vertical transmission for HIV and treatment for both diseases. We compute the reproduction number of the integer order model and HIV and TB submodels, and the stability of the disease free equilibrium. We sketch the bifurcation diagrams of the integer order model, for variation of the average number of sexual partners per person and per unit time, and the tuberculosis transmission rate. We analyze numerical results of the fractional order model for different values of α, including α=1. The results show distinct types of transients, for variation of α. Moreover, we speculate, from observation of the numerical results, that the order of the fractional derivative may behave as a bifurcation parameter for the model. We conclude that the dynamics of the integer and the fractional order versions of the model are very rich and that together these versions may provide a better understanding of the dynamics of HIV and TB coinfection.

Otimização de um processo produtivo e formulação de um novo produto utilizando ferramentas estatísticas

Na tentativa de se otimizar o processo de fabrico associado a uma tinta base aquosa (TBA), para minimizar os desvios de viscosidade final verificados, e de desenvolver um novo adjuvante plastificante para betão, recorreu-se a métodos e ferramentas estatísticas para a concretização do projeto. Relativamente à TBA, procedeu-se numa primeira fase a um acompanhamento do processo de fabrico, a fim de se obter todos os dados mais relevantes que poderiam influenciar a viscosidade final da tinta. Através de uma análise de capacidade ao parâmetro viscosidade, verificou-se que esta não estava sempre dentro das especificações do cliente, sendo o cpk do processo inferior a 1. O acompanhamento do processo resultou na escolha de 4 fatores, que culminou na realização de um plano fatorial 24. Após a realização dos ensaios, efetuou-se uma análise de regressão a um modelo de primeira ordem, não tendo sido esta significativa, o que implicou a realização de mais 8 ensaios nos pontos axiais. Com arealização de uma regressão passo-a-passo, obteve-se uma aproximação viável a um modelo de segunda ordem, que culminou na obtenção dos melhores níveis para os 4 fatores que garantem que a resposta viscosidade se situa no ponto médio do intervalo de especificação (1400 mPa.s). Quanto ao adjuvante para betão, o objetivo é o uso de polímeros SIKA ao invés da matériaprima comum neste tipo de produtos, tendo em conta o custo final da formulação. Escolheram-se 3 fatores importantes na formulação do produto (mistura de polímeros, mistura de hidrocarbonetos e % de sólidos), que resultou numa matriz fatorial 23. Os ensaios foram realizados em triplicado, em pasta de cimento, um para cada tipo de cimento mais utilizado em Portugal. Ao efetuar-se a análise estatística de dados obtiveram-se modelos de primeira ordem para cada tipo de cimento. O processo de otimização consistiu em otimizar uma função custo associada à formulação, garantindo sempre uma resposta superior à observada pelo produto considerado padrão. Os resultados foram animadores uma vez que se obteve para os 3 tipos de cimentocustos abaixo do requerido e espalhamento acima do observado pelo padrão.

A mathematical model for supermarket order picking

Order picking consists in retrieving products from storage locations to satisfy independent orders from multiple customers. It is generally recognized as one of the most significant activities in a warehouse (Koster et al, 2007). In fact, order picking accounts up to 50% (Frazelle, 2001) or even 80% (Van den Berg, 1999) of the total warehouse operating costs. The critical issue in today’s business environment is to simultaneously reduce the cost and increase the speed of order picking. In this paper, we address the order picking process in one of the Portuguese largest companies in the grocery business. This problem was proposed at the 92nd European Study Group with Industry (ESGI92). In this setting, each operator steers a trolley on the shop floor in order to select items for multiple customers. The objective is to improve their grocery e-commerce and bring it up to the level of the best international practices. In particular, the company wants to improve the routing tasks in order to decrease distances. For this purpose, a mathematical model for a faster open shop picking was developed. In this paper, we describe the problem, our proposed solution as well as some preliminary results and conclusions.

Identificação de compostos que modulam a patogénese da doença de Machado-Joseph em C.elegans: autofagia como alvo terapêutico: identification of small compounds that modulate pathogenesis of Machado-Joseph disease in a C.elegans model: targeting autophagy

A doença de Machado-Joseph (DMJ) ou ataxia espinocerebelosa do tipo 3 (SCA3), conhecida por ser a mais comum das ataxias hereditárias dominantes em todo o mundo, é uma doença neurodegenerativa autossómica dominante que leva a uma grande incapacidade motora, embora sem alterar o intelecto, culminando com a morte do doente. Atualmente não existe nenhum tratamento eficaz para esta doença. A DMJ é resultado de uma alteração genética causada pela expansão de uma sequência poliglutamínica (poliQ), na região C-terminal do gene que codifica a proteína ataxina-3 (ATXN3). Os mecanismos celulares das doenças de poliglutaminas que provocam toxicidade, bem como a função da ATXN3, não são ainda totalmente conhecidos. Neste trabalho, usamos, pela sua simplicidade e potencial genético, um pequeno animal invertebrado, o nemátode C. elegans, com o objetivo de identificar fármacos eficazes para o combate contra a patogénese da DMJ, analisando simultaneamente o seu efeito na agregação da ATXN3 mutante nas células neuronais in vivo e o seu impacto no comportamento motor dos animais. Este pequeno invertebrado proporciona grandes vantagens no estudo dos efeitos tóxicos de proteínas poliQ nos neurónios, uma vez que a transparência das suas 959 células (das quais 302 são neurónios) facilita a deteção de proteínas fluorescentes in vivo. Para além disso, esta espécie tem um ciclo de vida curto, é económica e de fácil manutenção. Neste trabalho testámos no nosso modelo transgénico da DMJ com 130Qs em C.elegans dois compostos potencialmente moduladores da agregação da ATXN3 mutante e da resultante disfunção neurológica, atuando pela via da autofagia. De modo a validar a possível importância terapêutica da ativação da autofagia os compostos candidatos escolhidos foram o Litío e o análogo da Rapamicina CCI-779, testados independentemente e em combinação. A neuroproteção conferida pelo Litío e pelo CCI-779 independentemente sugere que o uso destes fármacos possa ser considerado uma boa estratégia como terapia para a DMJ, a testar em organismos evolutivamente mais próximos do humano. A manipulação da autofagia, segundo vários autores, parece ser benéfica e pode ser a chave para o desenvolvimento de novos tratamentos para várias doenças relacionadas com a agregação proteica e o envelhecimento.

Optimization model for medium term natural gas commitment

In this paper we study the optimal natural gas commitment for a known demand scenario. This study implies the best location of GSUs to supply all demands and the optimal allocation from sources to gas loads, through an appropriate transportation mode, in order to minimize total system costs. Our emphasis is on the formulation and use of a suitable optimization model, reflecting real-world operations and the constraints of natural gas systems. The mathematical model is based on a Lagrangean heuristic, using the Lagrangean relaxation, an efficient approach to solve the problem. Computational results are presented for Iberian and American natural gas systems, geographically organized in 65 and 88 load nodes, respectively. The location model results, supported by the computational application GasView, show the optimal location and allocation solution, system total costs and suggest a suitable gas transportation mode, presented in both numerical and graphic supports.

Hybrid fuzzy Monte Carlo and logic programming model for distribution network reconfiguration in the presence of outages

This paper presents a methodology for distribution networks reconfiguration in outage presence in order to choose the reconfiguration that presents the lower power losses. The methodology is based on statistical failure and repair data of the distribution power system components and uses fuzzy-probabilistic modelling for system component outage parameters. Fuzzy membership functions of system component outage parameters are obtained by statistical records. A hybrid method of fuzzy set and Monte Carlo simulation based on the fuzzy-probabilistic models allows catching both randomness and fuzziness of component outage parameters. Once obtained the system states by Monte Carlo simulation, a logical programming algorithm is applied to get all possible reconfigurations for every system state. In order to evaluate the line flows and bus voltages and to identify if there is any overloading, and/or voltage violation a distribution power flow has been applied to select the feasible reconfiguration with lower power losses. To illustrate the application of the proposed methodology to a practical case, the paper includes a case study that considers a real distribution network.

Fuzzy Monte Carlo mathematical model for load curtailment minimization in transmission power systems

This paper presents a methodology which is based on statistical failure and repair data of the transmission power system components and uses fuzzyprobabilistic modeling for system component outage parameters. Using statistical records allows developing the fuzzy membership functions of system component outage parameters. The proposed hybrid method of fuzzy set and Monte Carlo simulation based on the fuzzy-probabilistic models allows catching both randomness and fuzziness of component outage parameters. A network contingency analysis to identify any overloading or voltage violation in the network is performed once obtained the system states by Monte Carlo simulation. This is followed by a remedial action algorithm, based on optimal power flow, to reschedule generations and alleviate constraint violations and, at the same time, to avoid any load curtailment, if possible, or, otherwise, to minimize the total load curtailment, for the states identified by the contingency analysis. In order to illustrate the application of the proposed methodology to a practical case, the paper will include a case study for the Reliability Test System (RTS) 1996 IEEE 24 BUS.

An emotional and context-aware model for adapting RSS news to users and groups

The exhibition of information does not always attend to the preferences and characteristics of the users, nor the context that involves the user. With the aim of overcoming this gap, we propose an emotional context-aware model for adapting information contents to users and groups. The proposed model is based on OCC and Big Five models to handle emotion and personality respectively. The idea is to adapt the representation of the information in order to maximize the positive emotional valences and minimize the negatives. To evaluate the proposed model it was developed a prototype for adapting RSS news to users and group of users.

Leilão de direitos de transmissão financeiros de energia eléctrica em ambiente de mercado

Os direitos de transmissão (Transmission Rigths – TRs) correspondem, na sua essência, a contratos que conferem aos seus proprietários o direito de transmitir energia eléctrica, por um determinado caminho, a um preço fixo. Na actualidade vive-se uma era de liberalização dos mercados de energia eléctrica nos quais, no caso concreto dos mercados de TRs, os diversos agentes podem ceder os TRs que possuem a outros agentes desde que cumpram certos requisitos impostos pelo sistema na figura do seu operador de sistema (Independent System Operator – ISO). Neste sentido, o ISO oferece, aos diversos agentes do mercado, algumas ferramentas que lhes permite transaccionar, sob sua orientação, os seus respectivos TRs fazendo-se cumprir todos os requisitos indispensáveis para o efeito. A mais popular dessas ferramentas, nos principais mercados energético da actualidade, é o leilão. Com o presente trabalho de dissertação é pretendido apresentar-se um modelo para a resolução do problema inerente a um leilão de TRs em ambiente de mercado, neste caso concreto de direitos de transmissão financeiros de energia eléctrica (Financial Transmission Rigths – FTRs). Neste sentido foi desenvolvido um simulador informático (SIM_AuctFTR) que implementa um modelo para este tipo de problemas. Este trabalho foi estruturado essencialmente em três etapas com objectivos inerentes. Assim, numa primeira fase da realização deste trabalho, foi realizado um estudo de diversos conceitos e metodologias inerentes ao problema de leilão de FTRs em ambiente de mercado, suportado por uma sólida base bibliográfica. A segunda fase tratou-se do desenvolvimento do algoritmo da aplicação computacional que solucione um problema de um leilão de FTRs. O SIM_AuctFTR foi desenvolvido sobre o pressuposto da maximização dos rendimentos financeiros provenientes da atribuição dos FTRs propostos a leilão, tendo estes últimos de coabitar no sistema respeitando as restrições técnicas a que este são inerentes, mesmo na eventualidade da ocorrência de contingências de nível ‘n-1’. Por último, numa terceira fase, partindo da aplicação desenvolvida, foram realizados 4 casos de estudos com outras tantas redes eléctricas de forma a testar a robustez da ferramenta desenvolvida.

A study on security grade assignment model for mobile users in urban computing

The relation between the information/knowledge expression and the physical expression can be involved as one of items for an ambient intelligent computing [2],[3]. Moreover, because there are so many contexts around user/spaces during a user movement, all appplcation which are using AmI for users are based on the relation between user devices and environments. In these situations, it is possible that the AmI may output the wrong result from unreliable contexts by attackers. Recently, establishing a server have been utilizes, so finding secure contexts and make contexts of higher security level for save communication have been given importance. Attackers try to put their devices on the expected path of all users in order to obtain users informationillegally or they may try to broadcast their SPAMS to users. This paper is an extensionof [11] which studies the Security Grade Assignment Model (SGAM) to set Cyber-Society Organization (CSO).

Legal and political regulation of higher education in Portugal: an evolutionary perspective on the current policy issues and the problem of order

The higher education system in Europe is currently under stress and the debates over its reform and future are gaining momentum. Now that, for most countries, we are in a time for change, in the overall society and the whole education system, the legal and political dimensions have gained prominence, which has not been followed by a more integrative approach of the problem of order, its reform and the issue of regulation, beyond the typical static and classical cost-benefit analyses. The two classical approaches for studying (and for designing the policy measures of) the problem of the reform of the higher education system - the cost-benefit analysis and the legal scholarship description - have to be integrated. This is the argument of our paper that the very integration of economic and legal approaches, what Warren Samuels called the legal-economic nexus, is meaningful and necessary, especially if we want to address the problem of order (as formulated by Joseph Spengler) and the overall regulation of the system. On the one hand, and without neglecting the interest and insights gained from the cost-benefit analysis, or other approaches of value for money assessment, we will focus our study on the legal, social and political aspects of the regulation of the higher education system and its reform in Portugal. On the other hand, the economic and financial problems have to be taken into account, but in a more inclusive way with regard to the indirect and other socio-economic costs not contemplated in traditional or standard assessments of policies for the tertiary education sector. In the first section of the paper, we will discuss the theoretical and conceptual underpinning of our analysis, focusing on the evolutionary approach, the role of critical institutions, the legal-economic nexus and the problem of order. All these elements are related to the institutional tradition, from Veblen and Commons to Spengler and Samuels. The second section states the problem of regulation in the higher education system and the issue of policy formulation for tackling the problem. The current situation is clearly one of crisis with the expansion of the cohorts of young students coming to an end and the recurrent scandals in private institutions. In the last decade, after a protracted period of extension or expansion of the system, i. e., the continuous growth of students, universities and other institutions are competing harder to gain students and have seen their financial situation at risk. It seems that we are entering a period of radical uncertainty, higher competition and a new configuration that is slowly building up is the growth in intensity, which means upgrading the quality of the higher learning and getting more involvement in vocational training and life-long learning. With this change, and along with other deep ones in the Portuguese society and economy, the current regulation has shown signs of maladjustment. The third section consists of our conclusions on the current issue of regulation and policy challenge. First, we underline the importance of an evolutionary approach to a process of change that is essentially dynamic. A special attention will be given to the issues related to an evolutionary construe of policy analysis and formulation. Second, the integration of law and economics, through the notion of legal economic nexus, allows us to better define the issues of regulation and the concrete problems that the universities are facing. One aspect is the instability of the political measures regarding the public administration and on which the higher education system depends financially, legally and institutionally, to say the least. A corollary is the lack of clear strategy in the policy reforms. Third, our research criticizes several studies, such as the one made by the OECD in late 2006 for the Ministry of Science, Technology and Higher Education, for being too static and neglecting fundamental aspects of regulation such as the logic of actors, groups and organizations who are major players in the system. Finally, simply changing the legal rules will not necessary per se change the behaviors that the authorities want to change. By this, we mean that it is not only remiss of the policy maker to ignore some of the critical issues of regulation, namely the continuous non-respect by academic management and administrative bodies of universities of the legal rules that were once promulgated. Changing the rules does not change the problem, especially without the necessary debates form the different relevant quarters that make up the higher education system. The issues of social interaction remain as intact. Our treatment of the matter will be organized in the following way. In the first section, the theoretical principles are developed in order to be able to study more adequately the higher education transformation with a modest evolutionary theory and a legal and economic nexus of the interactions of the system and the policy challenges. After describing, in the second section, the recent evolution and current working of the higher education in Portugal, we will analyze the legal framework and the current regulatory practices and problems in light of the theoretical framework adopted. We will end with some conclusions on the current problems of regulation and the policy measures that are discusses in recent years.

Implementação do sistema de gestão de recursos humanos numa organização sem fins lucrativos: o caso do Centro Social e Paroquial de São Martinho de Brufe

Este trabalho tem como objetivo intervir na área de Recursos Humanos na Entidade Acolhedora do Projeto. Foi neste contexto que identificamos o Centro Social e Paroquial de S. Martinho de Brufe para a sua realização. O diagnóstico realizado permitiu identificar como potencialidade de intervenção o Sistema de Gestão de Recursos Humanos. Considerando as exigências definidas pelo Modelo de Avaliação da Qualidade das Respostas Sociais (MAQRS) procedeu-se ao diagnóstico da organização acolhedora do projeto. Seguiu-se a configuração exata da potencialidade identificada, o planeamento estratégico e operacional da estratégia. A fase seguinte envolveu a implementação do projeto. Terminamos com a avaliação e apresentação das respetivas medidas necessárias para concretizar da finalidade a que nos propusemos. Os resultados da avaliação permitem concluir que o planeamento e a implementação do projeto foram eficientes e eficazes, uma vez que a auditoria final mostrou a inexistência de não conformidades no projeto de intervenção. Sendo finalidade do projeto garantir que o Centro Social e Paroquial de S. Martinho de Brufe cumpre todos os requisitos do Critério 2 – Pessoas, do Modelo de Avaliação da Qualidade das Respostas Sociais (MAQRS), do Instituto da Segurança Social para submeter com êxito o processo de certificação, em julho de 2014, o documento que se segue contém todos os procedimentos necessários para garantir êxito na sua concretização. O centro Social e Paroquial de S. Martinho de Brufe dispõe dos próximos seis meses (de janeiro a junho de 2014) para apresentar evidências da formalização, sendo esta também condição necessária que antecede a submissão do processo de certificação.