Tsunami vulnerability assessment of Casablanca-Morocco using numerical modelling and GIS tools

Earthquakes and tsunamis along Morocco's coasts have been reported since historical times. The threat posed by tsunamis must be included in coastal risk studies. This study focuses on the tsunami impact and vulnerability assessment of the Casablanca harbour and surrounding area using a combination of tsunami inundation numerical modelling, field survey data and geographic information system. The tsunami scenario used here is compatible with the 1755 Lisbon event that we considered to be the worst case tsunami scenario. Hydrodynamic modelling was performed with an adapted version of the Cornell Multigrid Coupled Tsunami Model from Cornell University. The simulation covers the eastern domain of the Azores-Gibraltar fracture zone corresponding to the largest tsunamigenic area in the North Atlantic. The proposed vulnerability model attempts to provide an insight into the tsunami vulnerability of building stock. Results in the form of a vulnerability map will be useful for decision makers and local authorities in preventing the community resiliency for tsunami hazards.

New p-i-n Si : H imager configuration for spatial resolution improvement

Amorphous glass/ZnO-Al/p(a-Si:H)/i(a-Si:H)/n(a-Si1-xCx:H)/Al imagers with different n-layer resistivities were produced by plasma enhanced chemical vapour deposition technique (PE-CVD). An image is projected onto the sensing element and leads to spatially confined depletion regions that can be readout by scanning the photodiode with a low-power modulated laser beam. The essence of the scheme is the analog readout, and the absence of semiconductor arrays or electrode potential manipulations to transfer the information coming from the transducer. The influence of the intensity of the optical image projected onto the sensor surface is correlated with the sensor output characteristics (sensitivity, linearity blooming, resolution and signal-to-noise ratio) are analysed for different material compositions (0.5 < x < 1). The results show that the responsivity and the spatial resolution are limited by the conductivity of the doped layers. An enhancement of one order of magnitude in the image intensity signal and on the spatial resolution are achieved at 0.2 mW cm(-2) light flux by decreasing the n-layer conductivity by the same amount. A physical model supported by electrical simulation gives insight into the image-sensing technique used.

Sistema de energia híbrido regenerativo (S.E.H.R.) para alimentação de estações de telecomunicações em Angola

Esta dissertação tem como objectivo demonstrar a aplicabilidade técnica associada a uma análise económica da aplicação de sistemas de energia híbridos regenerativos (S.E.H.R.) em equipamentos remotos de telecomunicações em território angolano. Embora Angola seja um país que é grande produtor e exportador de combustíveis fósseis, nomeadamente petróleo, existem carências graves ao nível da distribuição e refinação do mesmo, sendo assim um país que tem um deficit energético enorme, onde é muito comum a existência de “apagões” mesmo na sua capital Luanda. Tal facto provoca a necessidade de busca de fontes de energia alternativas à da Empresa de Distribuição de Electricidade (EDEL), sendo que é muito comum a existência e a utilização de geradores a diesel nas casas da classe média e alta angolana. As filas para o abastecimento de combustível são enormes a qualquer hora do dia e noite, e são potenciadas pela existência maioritária de veículos de alta cilindrada, normalmente de tracção 4X4, associada à escassez de pontos de distribuição de combustível refinado. Há um forte desequilíbrio aparente entre a oferta e a procura. Sendo um país que saiu de um conflito interno armado em 2002, há a necessidade de reconstruir as infra-estruturas deste país que tem cerca de 17 milhões de habitantes (dos quais se estima que 6 a 7 milhões1 estejam na área metropolitana de Luanda) e uma área de 1.246,700 km² (cerca de 14,5 vezes maior do que Portugal). Aqui as telecomunicações têm um papel fundamental, aproximando o país, garantindo a informação e contribuindo para a redução do isolamento das populações. Não tendo infra-estruturas de rede fixa que consigam garantir de forma cabal e consistente as necessidades do país, os Sistemas de Telecomunicações Móveis ganham uma importância fulcral para o desenvolvimento e aproximação das populações, sendo que necessitam de energia para laborar, e assim se torna necessário garantir o seu funcionamento do ponto de vista energético. Assim sendo, foi efectuado uma análise técnica, associada a uma apreciação económica, para um site de telecomunicações da última geração (3G), a colocar em Angola, garantindo o seu funcionamento através de sistemas fotovoltaicos (PV), eólicos, a hidrogénio, com o auxilio de um gerador a diesel, e deixando o sistema preparado para uma eventual chegada de energia através da EDEL.

Avaliação dos sistemas WiMAX e GSM-R para ambientes ferroviários

Com este trabalho pretende-se estudar o desempenho das tecnologias GSM-R e WiMAX em ambientes ferroviários. Este tipo de estudo tem uma importância elevada devido grande interesse na reestruturação dos sistemas de comunicações vocacionados para aplicações ferroviárias. Estes sistemas são cada vez mais complexos, apresentando níveis mais elevados de exigência, como a segurança, suporte de sinalização, tráfego ferroviário e interoperabilidade entre sistemas de diferentes países. Com tudo isto é necessário explorar e conhecer o comportamento de diversas tecnologias para este tipo de aplicações. Neste trabalho foi efectuado um primeiro estudo abrangendo a tecnologia WiMAX (Norma IEEE 802.16d) em ambientes interiores de edifícios, de forma a estudar o seu comportamento com e sem linha de vista e em proximidade e afastamento da estação base. Este estudo foi conclusivo quanto há não adequação desta tecnologia em ambientes ferroviários, visto ter sido observado que em situações de ausência de linha de vista a degradação da qualidade do sinal não conseguiria suportar os níveis de exigência necessários para a aplicação do mesmo em ambientes ferroviários. Analisou-se em segundo lugar a tecnologia GSM-R, onde se efectuou um estudo de campo em ambientes reais. Para o estudo desta tecnologia foram utilizados ambientes diversificados de forma a obter um estudo mais aprofundado do seu comportamento. Como objectivo têm-se a criação de melhores métodos de planeamento, mais vocacionados para as características específicas dos ambientes ferroviários e exigências das aplicações dos sistemas de comunicações ferroviários. Através deste estudo foi possível obter conclusões relativamente à variação da potência do sinal para as diversas condições e ambientes de propagação a que o sistema GSM-R foi sujeito, tendo sido possível também caracterizar o tipo de ambientes característicos das linhas ferroviárias. Foi possível também concluir que este tipo de sistemas consegue responder aos níveis de exigência e aplicações dos sistemas de comunicação ferroviários, trazendo uma mais-valia relativamente aos existentes actualmente a nível nacional.

Projecto de entreposto frigorífico a R-744/R-717 para produtos congelados

Pretende-se com este trabalho de Projecto de Mestrado conceber uma câmara frigorífica de 20000 m3 para armazenar produtos congelados e estudar um sistema frigorífico com dois fluidos frigorigénios que serão o CO2 (R-744) e o NH3 (R-717) O trabalho inicia-se com a definição dos objectivos principais para o projecto de um sistema frigorífico deste tipo. Após a definição dos objectivos, o projecto propõe um estudo termodinâmico do CO2 (R-744) como fluido frigorigénio, definindo se o seu historial de utilização, características principais, diagrama pressão-entalpia com a distinção das diversas fases do fluído, comparação em diversos parâmetros com outros fluidos, o porquê da utilização deste fluído, problemas comuns em sistemas com a presença deste fluído, entre outros parâmetros de estudo. De seguida será feito o dimensionamento de uma câmara frigorífica de 20000 m3 para armazenar produtos congelados paletizados através de um balanço térmico manual e um balanço térmico informático através do programa da Centauro comparando no final o resultado dos dois métodos. Será feito uma descrição das características básicas da câmara frigorífica com um esquema simples do edifício. Será abordado de seguida o sistema frigorífico a CO2 (R-744) e a NH3 (R-717) nas suas diversas características, nomeadamente no cálculo de caudais, diagrama pressão-entalpia, dimensionamento de tubagens e finalmente selecção de equipamento. Procede-se assim também ao estudo um sistema apenas a NH3 (R-717) com as suas diversas características nomeadamente no cálculo de caudais, diagrama pressão-entalpia, dimensionamento de tubagens e finalmente selecção dos equipamentos mais importantes, para que desta forma se proceda à comparação dos dois sistemas a nível energético, consumo eléctrico e manutenção de equipamentos. Finalmente proceder-se-á interpretação de resultados com o objectivo final de escolher a melhor solução nos vários parâmetros de comparação, para o esquema em questão.

Design of a sea-level tsunami detection network for the Gulf of Cadiz

The devastating impact of the Sumatra tsunami of 26 December 2004, raised the question for scientists of how to forecast a tsunami threat. In 2005, the IOC-UNESCO XXIII assembly decided to implement a global tsunami warning system to cover the regions that were not yet protected, namely the Indian Ocean, the Caribbean and the North East Atlantic, the Mediterranean and connected seas (the NEAM region). Within NEAM, the Gulf of Cadiz is the more sensitive area, with an important record of devastating historical events. The objective of this paper is to present a preliminary design for a reliable tsunami detection network for the Gulf of Cadiz, based on a network of sea-level observatories. The tsunamigenic potential of this region has been revised in order to define the active tectonic structures. Tsunami hydrodynamic modeling and GIS technology have been used to identify the appropriate locations for the minimum number of sea-level stations. Results show that 3 tsunameters are required as the minimum number of stations necessary to assure an acceptable protection to the large coastal population in the Gulf of Cadiz. In addition, 29 tide gauge stations could be necessary to fully assess the effects of a tsunami along the affected coasts of Portugal, Spain and Morocco.

Application of GIS-based multi-criteria analysis for site selection of aquifer recharge with reclaimed water

Reclaimed water from small wastewater treatment facilities in the rural areas of the Beira Interior region (Portugal) may constitute an alternative water source for aquifer recharge. A 21-month monitoring period in a constructed wetland treatment system has shown that 21,500 m(3) year(-1) of treated wastewater (reclaimed water) could be used for aquifer recharge. A GIS-based multi-criteria analysis was performed, combining ten thematic maps and economic, environmental and technical criteria, in order to produce a suitability map for the location of sites for reclaimed water infiltration. The areas chosen for aquifer recharge with infiltration basins are mainly composed of anthrosol with more than 1 m deep and fine sand texture, which allows an average infiltration velocity of up to 1 m d(-1). These characteristics will provide a final polishing treatment of the reclaimed water after infiltration (soil aquifer treatment (SAT)), suitable for the removal of the residual load (trace organics, nutrients, heavy metals and pathogens). The risk of groundwater contamination is low since the water table in the anthrosol areas ranges from 10 m to 50 m. Oil the other hand, these depths allow a guaranteed unsaturated area suitable for SAT. An area of 13,944 ha was selected for study, but only 1607 ha are suitable for reclaimed water infiltration. Approximately 1280 m(2) were considered enough to set up 4 infiltration basins to work in flooding and drying cycles.

Role of malnutrition and parasite infections in the spatial variation in children’s anaemia risk in Northern Angola

Anaemia has a significant impact on child development and mortality and is a severe public health problem in most countries in sub-Saharan Africa. Nutritional and infectious causes of anaemia are geographically variable and anaemia maps based on information on the major aetiologies of anaemia are important for identifying communities most in need and the relative contribution of major causes. We investigated the consistency between ecological and individual-level approaches to anaemia mapping, by building spatial anaemia models for children aged ≤15 years using different modeling approaches. We aimed to a) quantify the role of malnutrition, malaria, Schistosoma haematobium and soil-transmitted helminths (STH) for anaemia endemicity in children aged ≤15 years and b) develop a high resolution predictive risk map of anaemia for the municipality of Dande in Northern Angola. We used parasitological survey data on children aged ≤15 years to build Bayesian geostatistical models of malaria (PfPR≤15), S. haematobium, Ascaris lumbricoides and Trichuris trichiura and predict small-scale spatial variation in these infections. The predictions and their associated uncertainty were used as inputs for a model of anemia prevalence to predict small-scale spatial variation of anaemia. Stunting, PfPR≤15, and S. haematobium infections were significantly associated with anaemia risk. An estimated 12.5%, 15.6%, and 9.8%, of anaemia cases could be averted by treating malnutrition, malaria, S. haematobium, respectively. Spatial clusters of high risk of anaemia (>86%) were identified. Using an individual-level approach to anaemia mapping at a small spatial scale, we found that anaemia in children aged ≤15 years is highly heterogeneous and that malnutrition and parasitic infections are important contributors to the spatial variation in anemia risk. The results presented in this study can help inform the integration of the current provincial malaria control program with ancillary micronutrient supplementation and control of neglected tropical diseases, such as urogenital schistosomiasis and STH infection.

Role of malnutrition and parasite infections in the spatial variation in children’s anaemia risk in northern Angola

Anaemia is known to have an impact on child development and mortality and is a severe public health problem in most countries in sub-Saharan Africa. We investigated the consistency between ecological and individual-level approaches to anaemia mapping by building spatial anaemia models for children aged ≤15 years using different modelling approaches. We aimed to (i) quantify the role of malnutrition, malaria, Schistosoma haematobium and soil-transmitted helminths (STHs) in anaemia endemicity; and (ii) develop a high resolution predictive risk map of anaemia for the municipality of Dande in northern Angola. We used parasitological survey data for children aged ≤15 years to build Bayesian geostatistical models of malaria (PfPR≤15), S. haematobium, Ascaris lumbricoides and Trichuris trichiura and predict small-scale spatial variations in these infections. Malnutrition, PfPR≤15, and S. haematobium infections were significantly associated with anaemia risk. An estimated 12.5%, 15.6% and 9.8% of anaemia cases could be averted by treating malnutrition, malaria and S. haematobium, respectively. Spatial clusters of high risk of anaemia (>86%) were identified. Using an individual-level approach to anaemia mapping at a small spatial scale, we found that anaemia in children aged ≤15 years is highly heterogeneous and that malnutrition and parasitic infections are important contributors to the spatial variation in anaemia risk. The results presented in this study can help inform the integration of the current provincial malaria control programme with ancillary micronutrient supplementation and control of neglected tropical diseases such as urogenital schistosomiasis and STH infections.

Performance of coastal sea-defense infrastructure at El Jadida (Morocco) against tsunami threat: lessons learned from the Japanese 11 March 2011 tsunami

This paper seeks to investigate the effectiveness of sea-defense structures in preventing/reducing the tsunami overtopping as well as evaluating the resulting tsunami impact at El Jadida, Morocco. Different tsunami wave conditions are generated by considering various earthquake scenarios of magnitudes ranging from M-w = 8.0 to M-w = 8.6. These scenarios represent the main active earthquake faults in the SW Iberia margin and are consistent with two past events that generated tsunamis along the Atlantic coast of Morocco. The behavior of incident tsunami waves when interacting with coastal infrastructures is analyzed on the basis of numerical simulations of near-shore tsunami waves' propagation. Tsunami impact at the affected site is assessed through computing inundation and current velocity using a high-resolution digital terrain model that incorporates bathymetric, topographic and coastal structures data. Results, in terms of near-shore tsunami propagation snapshots, waves' interaction with coastal barriers, and spatial distributions of flow depths and speeds, are presented and discussed in light of what was observed during the 2011 Tohoku-oki tsunami. Predicted results show different levels of impact that different tsunami wave conditions could generate in the region. Existing coastal barriers around the El Jadida harbour succeeded in reflecting relatively small waves generated by some scenarios, but failed in preventing the overtopping caused by waves from others. Considering the scenario highly impacting the El Jadida coast, significant inundations are computed at the sandy beach and unprotected areas. The modeled dramatic tsunami impact in the region shows the need for additional tsunami standards not only for sea-defense structures but also for the coastal dwellings and houses to provide potential in-place evacuation.

Analysis of functionally graded sandwich plate structures with piezoelectric skins, using B-spline finite strip method

Functionally graded materials are composite materials wherein the composition of the constituent phases can vary in a smooth continuous way with a gradation which is function of its spatial coordinates. This characteristic proves to be an important issue as it can minimize abrupt variations of the material properties which are usually responsible for localized high values of stresses, and simultaneously providing an effective thermal barrier in specific applications. In the present work, it is studied the static and free vibration behaviour of functionally graded sandwich plate type structures, using B-spline finite strip element models based on different shear deformation theories. The effective properties of functionally graded materials are estimated according to Mori-Tanaka homogenization scheme. These sandwich structures can also consider the existence of outer skins of piezoelectric materials, thus achieving them adaptive characteristics. The performance of the models, are illustrated through a set of test cases. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Measuring spatial interaction behavior in team sports using superimposed Voronoi diagrams

In team sports, the spatial distribution of players on the field is determined by the interaction behavior established at both player and team levels. The distribution patterns observed during a game emerge from specific technical and tactical methods adopted by the teams, and from individual, environmental and task constraints that influence players' behaviour. By understanding how specific patterns of spatial interaction are formed, one can characterize the behavior of the respective teams and players. Thus, in the present work we suggest a novel spatial method for describing teams' spatial interaction behaviour, which results from superimposing the Voronoi diagrams of two competing teams. We considered theoretical patterns of spatial distribution in a well-defined scenario (5 vs 4+ GK played in a field of 20x20m) in order to generate reference values of the variables derived from the superimposed Voronoi diagrams (SVD). These variables were tested in a formal application to empirical data collected from 19 Futsal trials with identical playing settings. Results suggest that it is possible to identify a number of characteristics that can be used to describe players' spatial behavior at different levels, namely the defensive methods adopted by the players.

Relações públicas no sector da saúde e do bem-estar: estratégia de r.p. para o posionamento de uma cadeia de spas de hotel

A área da saúde e do bem-estar em Portugal, é um segmento em clara expansão. Dadas as suas características geográficas, estranha-se, contudo, a falta de equipamentos no campo da talassoterapia bem como a dispersidade da oferta no sector do turismo de saúde. Respondendo a uma necessidade sentida pelo grupo Hotéis Real, este trabalho de projecto pode definir-se como o desenvolvimento de uma estratégia de construção e expressão de um novo serviço de spas para esta cadeia hoteleira, numa perspectiva de comunicação corporate. Para tal, o projecto estrutura-se assente numa revisão de literatura que analisa as principais temáticas e questões tanto da área da saúde e do bem-estar, como do sector do turismo.

A capacidade de subitizing em crianças de 4 anos

Dissertação apresentada à escola Superior de Educação de Lisboa para obtenção de grau de mestre em Educação Matemática na Educação Pré-Escolar e nos 1º e 2º Ciclos do Ensino Básico

A survey in Portuguese X-ray fluoroscopy equipment: dose rates and image quality

X-ray fluoroscopy is essential in both diagnosis and medical intervention, although it may contribute to significant radiation doses to patients that have to be optimised and justified. Therefore, it is crucial to the patient to be exposed to the lowest achievable dose without compromising the image quality. The purpose of this study was to perform an analysis of the quality control measurements, particularly dose rates, contrast and spatial resolution of Portuguese fluoroscopy equipment and also to provide a contribution to the establishment of reference levels for the equipment performance parameters. Measurements carried out between 2007 and 2013 on 143 fluoroscopy equipment distributed by 34 nationwide health units were analysed. The measurements suggest that image quality and dose rates of Portuguese equipment are congruent with other studies, and in general, they are as per the Portuguese law. However, there is still a possibility of improvements intending optimisation at a national level.