A metodologia de trabalho de projeto na nossa prática pedagógica

Por que razão se tornou a Metodologia de Trabalho de Projeto uma opção de fundo e um foco central do nosso currículo para a Educação Pré-escolar e 1º Ciclo do Ensino Básico? O que nos traz essa metodologia em termos da realização dos nossos próprios objetivos e da qualidade do ensino que pretendemos promover? Como se enquadra esta metodologia no conjunto de abordagens que utilizamos e na organização geral do nosso currículo? São estas as principais questões a que o presente artigo – extrato adaptado de uma publicação interna que fizemos – procura dar resposta: num primeiro momento, através de uma reflexão mais teórica; depois, através do relato breve de um projeto concreto, sobre “Os Romanos”, desenvolvido numa sala de crianças de 5 anos.

Global and local detection of liver steatosis from ultrasound

Liver steatosis is a common disease usually associated with social and genetic factors. Early detection and quantification is important since it can evolve to cirrhosis. Steatosis is usually a diffuse liver disease, since it is globally affected. However, steatosis can also be focal affecting only some foci difficult to discriminate. In both cases, steatosis is detected by laboratorial analysis and visual inspection of ultrasound images of the hepatic parenchyma. Liver biopsy is the most accurate diagnostic method but its invasive nature suggest the use of other non-invasive methods, while visual inspection of the ultrasound images is subjective and prone to error. In this paper a new Computer Aided Diagnosis (CAD) system for steatosis classification and analysis is presented, where the Bayes Factor, obatined from objective intensity and textural features extracted from US images of the liver, is computed in a local or global basis. The main goal is to provide the physician with an application to make it faster and accurate the diagnosis and quantification of steatosis, namely in a screening approach. The results showed an overall accuracy of 93.54% with a sensibility of 95.83% and 85.71% for normal and steatosis class, respectively. The proposed CAD system seemed suitable as a graphical display for steatosis classification and comparison with some of the most recent works in the literature is also presented.

A língua na escrita e a escrita da língua. algumas considerações gerais sobre transparência e opacidade fonémicas na escrita do português e outras questões

Nas línguas, como o português, que seguem um sistema de escrita 1 alfabético – isto é, um sistema de escrita em que, em princípio, cada símbolo gráfico corresponde a um segmento fonológico (ou, em certos casos, a um segmento fonético) 2 –, verifica-se frequentemente que, além da representação de tais segmentos, outros aspectos das estruturas linguísticas podem ser vertidos para a representação escrita. Como veremos no presente artigo, a inclusão de aspectos não-segmentais na representação gráfica segmental 3 pode introduzir afastamentos desta última em relação a esse objectivo “primordial” da escrita alfabética “ideal” (aquela em que a correspondência grafema-fonema e fonema-grafema seria perfeitamente sistemática e isomórfica). É precisamente sobre a natureza e alguns efeitos desses afastamentos que, partindo de uma perspectiva eminentemente linguística, pretendemos debruçar-nos neste trabalho. Assim, começaremos por reunir algumas reflexões gerais sobre diversos aspectos de natureza linguística – restringindo-nos quase só aos domínios fonético, fonológico e/ou morfológico – que podem encontrar algum tipo de representação na escrita alfabética. Seguidamente, deter-nos- emos sobre a decorrente divisão entre línguas de escrita fonemicamente opaca e línguas de escrita fonemicamente transparente, referindo o lugar do português nessa divisão e abordando, incidentalmente, algumas implicações educacionais da questão

A importância da informação contabilística multidimensional face às necessidades dos múltiplos stakeholders: estudo de caso da entidade BETA, SROC, Lda.

Mestrado em Contabilidade

Increasing source to image distance for AP pelvis imaging: impact on radiation dose and image quality

Aim - A quantative primary study to determine whether increasing source to image distance (SID), with and without the use of automatic exposure control (AEC) for antero-posterior (AP) pelvis imaging, reduces dose whilst still producing an image of diagnostic quality. Methods - Using a computed radiography (CR) system, an anthropomorphic pelvic phantom was positioned for an AP examination using the table bucky. SID was initially set at 110 cm, with tube potential set at a constant 75 kVp, with two outer chambers selected and a fine focal spot of 0.6 mm. SID was then varied from 90 cm to 140 cm with two exposures made at each 5 cm interval, one using the AEC and another with a constant 16 mAs derived from the initial exposure. Effective dose (E) and entrance surface dose (ESD) were calculated for each acquisition. Seven experienced observers blindly graded image quality using a 5-point Likert scale and 2 Alternative Forced Choice software. Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) was calculated for comparison. For each acquisition, femoral head diameter was also measured for magnification indication. Results - Results demonstrated that when increasing SID from 110 cm to 140 cm, both E and ESD reduced by 3.7% and 17.3% respectively when using AEC and 50.13% and 41.79% respectively, when the constant mAs was used. No significant statistical (T-test) difference (p = 0.967) between image quality was detected when increasing SID, with an intra-observer correlation of 0.77 (95% confidence level). SNR reduced slightly for both AEC (38%) and no AEC (36%) with increasing SID. Conclusion - For CR, increasing SID significantly reduces both E and ESD for AP pelvis imaging without adversely affecting image quality.

Intraplate seismicity across the Cape Verde swell: a contribution from a temporary seismic network

We present an analysis and characterization of the regional seismicity recorded by a temporary broadband seismic network deployed in the Cape Verde archipelago between November 2007 and September 2008. The detection of earthquakes was based on spectrograms, allowing the discrimination from low-frequency volcanic signals, resulting in 358 events of which 265 were located, the magnitudes usually being smaller than 3. For the location, a new 1-D P-velocity model was derived for the region showing a crust consistent with an oceanic crustal structure. The seismicity is located mostly offshore the westernmost and geologically youngest areas of the archipelago, near the islands of Santo Antao and Sao Vicente in the NW and Brava and Fogo in the SW. The SW cluster has a lower occurrence rate and corresponds to seismicity concentrated mainly along an alignment between Brava and the Cadamosto seamount presenting normal faulting mechanisms. The existence of the NW cluster, located offshore SW of Santo Antao, was so far unknown and concentrates around a recently recognized submarine cone field; this cluster presents focal depths extending from the crust to the upper mantle and suggests volcanic unrest No evident temporal behaviour could be perceived, although the events tend to occur in bursts of activity lasting a few days. In this recording period, no significant activity was detected at Fogo volcano, the most active volcanic edifice in Cape Verde. The seismicity characteristics point mainly to a volcanic origin. The correlation of the recorded seismicity with active volcanic structures agrees with the tendency for a westward migration of volcanic activity in the archipelago as indicated by the geologic record. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Laser surfasse patterning using a Michelson interferometer and a femtosecond laser radiation

We report on a simple method to obtain surface gratings using a Michelson interferometer and femtosecond laser radiation. In the optical setup used, two parallel laser beams are generated using a beam splitter and then focused using the same focusing lens. An interference pattern is created in the focal plane of the focusing lens, which can be used to pattern the surface of materials. The main advantage of this method is that the optical paths difference of the interfering beams is independent of the distance between the beams. As a result, the fringes period can be varied without a need for major realignment of the optical system and the time coincidence between the interfering beams can be easily monitored. The potential of the method was demonstrated by patterning surface gratings with different periods on titanium surfaces in air.

Neuroartropatia de Charcot do pé diabético: identificação, tratamento conservador e prevenção das suas complicações

Mestrado em Gestão e Avaliação de Tecnologias em Saúde