Templated synthesis of carbon materials mediated by porous clay heterostructures

Mesoporous carbon materials were prepared through template method approach using porous clay heterostructures (PCHs) as matrix and furfuryl alcohol as carbon precursor. Three PCHs prepared using amines with 8, 10 and 12 carbon atoms were used. The effect of several impregnation-polymerization cycles of the carbon precursor, the carbonization temperature and the need of a previous surface alumination were evaluated. The presence of two porosity domains was identified in all the carbon materials. These two domains comprise pores resulting from the carbonization of the polymer film formed in the inner structure of the PCH (domain I) and larger pores created by the clay particles aggregation (domain II). The predominance of the porosity associated to domain I or II can be achieved by choosing a specific amine to prepare the PCH matrix. Carbonization at 700 C led to the highest development of pores of domain I. In general, the second impregnation-polymerization cycle of furfuryl alcohol resulted in a small decrease of both types of porosity domains. Furthermore the previous acidification of the surface to create acidic sites proved to be unnecessary. The results showed the potential of PCHs as matrices to tailor the textural properties of carbons prepared by template mediated synthesis.

Production of surfactants from bio-materials

Este trabalho foi desenvolvido no âmbito de um projecto europeu, BIOPRODUCTION, tendo em vista o desenvolvimento de dois tipos de biomaterias funcionais: ésteres de açúcares com ácidos gordos (SFAE) e metacrilatos funcionais. A síntese laboratorial do biosurfactante SFAE foi efectuada utilizando como matérias-primas diferentes sacáridos, nomeadamente sacarose, glucose e melaço de cana-de-açúcar (mistura de polissacáridos), e ésteres metílicos de ácidos gordos (FAME) de óleos vegetais, tais como colza e coco. Esta síntese é constituída por dois passos: acilação dos açúcares com anidrido acético, e transesterificação do açúcar acilado com FAME, utilizando triflatos de lantanídeos como catalisador. Diferentes estequiometrias foram testadas, bem como diferentes processos de modo a evitar a degradação dos açúcares. Foram efectuados testes preliminares de emulsão e calculou-se, empiricamente, o respectivo HLB. Procedeu-se à caracterização do produto através de FTIR e RMN e também à optimização iterativa do processo de síntese. A modificação, à escala laboratorial, de metacrilatos de metilo (MMA) realizou-se recorrendo à sua transesterificação com polióis convencionais. Efectuaram-se testes de reticulação do produto com diferentes catalisadores e iniciadores para posterior aplicação em revestimentos de borracha. Por fim, para ambos os produtos serão necessários estudos adicionais de caracterização, nomeadamente tensão superficial para os biosurfactantes e propriedades mecânicas para polímeros modificados com MMA.

Incorporation of niobium in SAPO-11 materials: Synthesis and characterization

The present work concerns a new synthesis approach to prepare niobium based SAPO materials with AEL structure and the characterization ofNb species incorporated within the inorganic matrixes. The SAPO-11 materials were synthesized with or without the help of a small amine, methylamine (MA) as co-template, while Nb was added directly during the preparation of the initial gel. Structural, textural and acidic properties of the different supports were evaluated by XRD, TPR, UV-Vis spectroscopy, pyridine adsorption followed by IR spectroscopy and thermal analyses. Pure and well crystalline Nb based SAPO-11 materials were obtained, either with or without MA, using in the initial gel a low Si content of about 0.6. Increasing the Si content of the gel up to 0.9 led to an important decrease of the samples crystallinity. Niobium was found to incorporate the AEL pores support as small Nb2O5 oxide particles and also as extra framework cationic species (Nb5+), compensating the negative charges from the matrix and generating new Lewis acid sites. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Programar la leitura e la escrita: os textos as actividades, a criança e os professores

O artigo apresenta uma experiência de ensino aprendizagem do modo escrito que se realiza na pré-primária e na primária em Barcelona nos últimos anos. Esta experiência apoiase em aspectos de desenvolvimento interpretados através de uma perspectiva constructivista sobre aprendizagem da escrita. Apoia-se, igualmente, em aspectos educativos sobre as condições que o ensino deveria cumprir considerando as competências das crianças em relação a actividades, materiais e textos. Completa-se a descrição com algumas achegas sobre a formação dos professores em actividade reflexiva sobre as condições referidas

Copper(II) aza-bis(oxazoline) complex immobilized onto ITQ-2 and MCM-22 based materials as heterogeneous catalysts for the cyclopropanation of styrene

A copper(II) chiral aza-bis(oxazoline) homogeneous catalyst (CuazaBox) was anchored onto the external surface of MCM-22 and ITQ-2 structures, as well as encapsulated into hierarchical MCM-22. The transition metal complex loading onto the porous solids was determined by ICP-AES and the materials were also characterized by elemental analysis (C, N, H, S), FTIR, XPS, TG and low temperature N-2 adsorption isotherms. The materials were tested as heterogeneous catalysts in the benchmark reaction of cyclopropanation of styrene to check the effect of the immobilization procedure on the catalytic parameters, as well as on their reutilization in several catalytic cycles. Catalyst CuazaBox anchored onto the external surface of MCM-22 and ITQ-2 materials were more active and enantioselective in the cyclopropanation of styrene than the corresponding homogeneous phase reaction run under similar experimental conditions. This is due to the propylation of the acidic aza-Box nitrogen. HMCM-22 was nevertheless the best heterogeneous catalyst. Encapsulation of CuazaBox on post-synthesis modified MCM-22 materials led to low activities and enantioselectivities. But reversal on the stereochemical course of the reaction was observed, probably due to confinement effect. (C) 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Educational policies, territories and actors strategies

The purpose of this paper is to analyse how educational policies about school violence are reinterpreted and implemented at school level and if this process contributes to a more pluralistic and democratic school. A research carried out in 3 clusters of schools showed that the diversity of understandings and strategies to face school violence, higher within the territories than between them, was associated to the school board's agendas and the legitimacy of the different actors to interpret and act within the national policies framework. There was a high consistency between violence management strategies and the ways schools faced social and cultural diversity. Those who favour more inclusive strategies to deal with violence tend to provide higher educational opportunities in schools, inversely, those who favour repressive strategies are more likely to support educational and social selective strategies, with less educational offer; less participation of teachers, students and parents in violence regulation.

Thermal Residual Stresses in Functionally Graded Structures: a Didactic Case Study

Conferência: 2nd Experiment at International Conference - 18-20 September 2013

A remote virtual experiment in mechanical engineering

Conferência: 2nd Experiment at International Conference (Exp at)- Univ Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal - Sep 18-20, 2013

Benzo[c]thiophene chromophores linked to cationic Fe and Ru derivatives for NLO materials: synthesis characterization and quadratic hyperpolarizabilities

5-Monocyclopentadienyliron(II)/ruthenium(II) complexes of the general formula [M(5-C5H5)(PP)(L1)][PF6] {M = Fe, PP = dppe; M = Ru, PP = dppe or 2PPh3; L1 = 5-[3-(thiophen-2-yl)benzo[c]thiophenyl]thiophene-2-carbonitrile} have been synthesized and studied to evaluate their molecular quadratic hyperpolarizabilities. The compounds were fully characterized by NMR, FTIR and UV/Vis spectroscopy and their electrochemical behaviour studied by cyclic voltammetry. Quadratic hyperpolarizabilities () were determined by hyper-Rayleigh scattering measurements at a fundamental wavelength of 1500 nm. Density functional theory calculations were employed to rationalize the second-order non-linear optical properties of these complexes.

Estratégias pedagógicas para jovens com a síndrome de Asperger na aprendizagem do trompete: relatório de estágio

Resumo I - O Relatório de estágio foi idealizado no âmbito da Unidade Curricular de Estágio do Ensino Especializado, Mestrado em Ensino da Música pela Escola Superior de Música de Lisboa. O documento incide sobre a prática pedagógica desenvolvida no Conservatório Regional de Palmela no ano letivo 2013/2014, abrangendo três alunos dos diferentes graus de ensino. No conteúdo do relatório, para além da caracterização do estabelecimento de ensino onde o estágio foi desenvolvido, foram caracterizados os diferentes alunos realçando as linhas pedagógicas seguidas com cada um dos intervenientes, salientando os aspetos de competências motora, auditiva e expressiva desenvolvidas durante o processo. Os objetivos do trabalho desenvolvido com os alunos é descrito, tendo como base a organização dos materiais a utilizar de acordo com as características de cada aluno, e consequentemente de acordo com a análise crítica da atividade docente. O professor tem a responsabilidade de conduzir o ensino dos alunos para que estes saibam apreciar e compreender as execuções musicais, independentemente da aptidão musical que já possuem.

A importância das histórias desde o primeiro ano de vida – um olhar sobre a diversidade de materiais

Relatório da Prática Profissional Supervisionada Mestrado em Educação Pré-Escolar

Práticas de inclusão com alunos com multideficiência no 2º e 3º ciclo

Dissertação apresentada à Escola Superior de Educação de Lisboa para obtenção do grau de mestre em Ciências da Educação Especialidade Educação Especial

Nuclear medicine technologist education and training in Europe: literature and web-based findings

Purpose - The education and training of a nuclear medicine technologist (NMT) is not homogeneous among European countries, which leads to different scope of practices and, therefore, different technical skills are assigned. The goal of this research was to characterize the education and training of NMT in Europe. Materials and methods - This study was based on a literature research to characterize the education and training of NMT and support the historical evolution of this profession. It was divided into two different phases: the first phase included analysis of scientific articles and the second phase included research of curricula that allow health professionals to work as NMT in Europe. Results - The majority of the countries [N=31 (89%)] offer the NMT curriculum integrated into the high education system and only in four (11%) countries the education is provided by professional schools. The duration in each education system is not equal, varying in professional schools (2-3 years) and high education level system (2-4 years), which means that different European Credit Transfer and Accumulation System, such as 240, 230, 222, 210 or 180 European Credit Transfer and Accumulation System, are attributed to the graduates. The professional title and scope of the practice of NMT are different in different countries in Europe. In most countries of Europe, nuclear medicine training is not specific and curriculum does not demonstrate the Nuclear Medicine competencies performed in clinical practice. Conclusion - The heterogeneity in education and training for NMT is an issue prevalent among European countries. For NMT professional development, there is a huge need to formalize and unify educational and training programmes in Europe.

Virtual laboratory for educational environments

In this paper a new simulation environment for a virtual laboratory to educational proposes is presented. The Logisim platform was adopted as the base digital simulation tool, since it has a modular implementation in Java. All the hardware devices used in the laboratory course was designed as components accessible by the simulation tool, and integrated as a library. Moreover, this new library allows the user to access an external interface. This work was motivated by the needed to achieve better learning times on co-design projects, based on hardware and software implementations, and to reduce the laboratory time, decreasing the operational costs of engineer teaching. Furthermore, the use of virtual laboratories in educational environments allows the students to perform functional tests, before they went to a real laboratory. Moreover, these functional tests allow to speed-up the learning when a problem based approach methodology is considered. © 2014 IEEE.

Effects of oxidante acid treatments on carbon-templated hierarchical SAPO-11 materials: synthesis, characterization and catalytic evaluation in n-decane hydroiosomerization

Hierarchical SAPO-11 was synthesized using a commercial Merck carbon as template. Oxidant acid treatments were performed on the carbon matrix in order to investigate its influence on the properties of SAPO-11. Structural, textural and acidic properties of the different materials were evaluated by XRD, SEM, N-2 adsorption, pyridine adsorption followed by IR spectroscopy and thermal analyses. The catalytic behavior of the materials (with 0.5 wt.% Pt, introduced by mechanic mixture with Pt/Al2O3), were studied in the hydroisomerization of n-decane. The hierarchical samples showed higher yields in monobranched isomers than typical microporous SAPO-11, as a direct consequence of the modification on both porosity and acidity, the later one being the most predominant. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.