Sociodemographic characteristics and clinical features of patients with adult polycystic kidney disease undergoing hemodialysis

Aims:To analyze the socio-demographic and clinical characteristics of patients with adult polycystic kidney disease admitted to hemodialysis services in Northwestern Paraná state,Brazil. Methods: This was an observational, descriptive and retrospective longitudinal study. Medical records of patients with polycystic kidneys who initiated hemodialysis between 1995 and 2012, in four centers that treat patients of the coverage area of the 15th Regional Health Region of Paraná state where analyzed. Results:We found that 10.3% of hemodialysis patients had polycystic kidney disease as a leading cause of stage 5 of chronic kidney disease. The mean age of patients was 54.9±9.4 years (ranging between 27 and 74 years), with equal gender distribution and Caucasian predominance (72.9%). The average age of dialysis initiation was 50±10.2 years. The most common comorbidity was systemic hypertension (66.7%). Liver cyst was the main extra-renal manifestation (10.4%). Twenty-five percent of the patients required renal transplantation, and (22.9%) undergone nephrectomy. The most widely used classes of antihypertensive drugs were β-blockers (41.7%) and drugs that act on the renin-angiotensin system (31.3%), while 56.3% of patients were treated with recombinant human erythropoietin. Conclusions:This is a pioneering epidemiological study in Northwestern Paraná state. We found in this population a sociodemographic and clinical profile of adult polycystic kidney disease similar to that of North America and Europe, probably because the ethnic constitution of the sample was predominantly of Euro-descendants.

Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease in hemodialysis patients in southern Brazil

Introduction: Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease is the most common hereditary renal disease in humans. Objective: To examine the prevalence, clinical and laboratory characteristics of patients with polycystic kidneys and relate disease manifestations by gender. Methods: This was an observational and retrospective study. All the medical records of patients with polycystic kidneys who initiated hemodialysis between 1995 and 2012, in four centers that treat patients of the coverage area of the 15th regional health Paraná (Brazil), were analyzed. Results: The study included 48 patients with polycystic kidneys, the primary cause of stage 5 CKD. Disease prevalence was one in 10,912 people. The average age of dialysis initiation was 50.7 years and the follow-up time on dialysis until transplantation (36.5 months) was lower among men. Hypertension was the most frequent diagnosis in 73% of patients, predominantly in women (51.4%). The liver cyst was the most frequent extrarenal manifestations in men (60.0%). The death occurred in 10.4% of patients using hemodialysis, and 60% of men. The class of antihypertensive drug used was that acts on the renin-angiotensin system with higher frequency of use among women (53.3%). The post-dialysis urea was significantly higher in men. Conclusion: The prevalence of the disease is low among hemodialysis patients in southern Brazil. The differences observed between genders, with the exception of the post-dialysis urea, were not significant. The findings are different from those reported in North America and Europe.

A Escola e o Museu no Brasil: uma história de confirmação dos interesses da classe dominante

Este texto pretende ser uma incitação ao debate sobre algumas características da política educativo-cultural brasileira, no contexto social, político e econômico do país, e sua influência na ação educativa dos nossos museus, tomando como base algumas referências de caráter teórico, bem como a nossa vivência na área educativa dos museus, durante 14 anos, desempenhando diversos programas com professores e alunos do 1º e 2º graus, principalmente da rede oficial de ensino. As reflexões que aqui serão apresentadas não enfocarão somente os aspectos pedagógicos e metodológicos, por considerarmos que estes estão intimamente relacionados com os aspectos sociais, políticos e econômicos do país, sendo que a práxis do museu e da Escola tem contribuído, directa ou indirectamente, no sentido de confirmar a ideologia dominante. Realizaremos, pois, algumas considerações de caráter histórico1, sem o objetivo de nos aprofundarmos, mas utilizando-as como referencial para nos situarmos nos diversos períodos, vez que serão determinantes fundamentais na atuação dessas instituições. Em seguida, tentaremos situar o desempenho dos nossos museus nesse contexto, o que, a nosso ver, tem confirmado a proposta do modelo educacional estabelecido, repetindo, na maioria das vezes, as práticas pedagógicas da Escola.

Entre prisão e exílio: rompendo com a cartografia do feminino

Neste artigo pretende apontar-se para uma crítica da representação da subjectividade feminina, sendo a representação sinónima de territorialização ou cartografia do feminino. A tentativa de se descentrar o mapeamento vigente envolve uma ruptura no modelo que pressupõe uma coincidência entre significante feminino e significado dominante, dando lugar ao jogo infinito de significação enquanto acto político. A geografia feminista da década de 80, refém dos conceitos marxistas de produção e reprodução, conceitos esses alusivos às esferas pública e privada respectivamente, ainda se movimenta no âmbito do essencialismo feminino. Contudo, ao admitir a ideia de excesso, de uma suplementaridade que escapa irremediavelmente a qualquer tentativa de contenção, ao mesmo tempo que indicia os perigos decorrentes de uma política rizomática totalmente descentrada, o feminismo contemporâneo abre caminho a uma nova geografia assente num ‘essencialismo estratégico’, apelando a uma vigilância constante no sentido de não extra-polar do local para o global.