Impacto de vídeo-jogos com tecnologia Matching Motion na actividade física de adolescentes obesos

Em Portugal, tal como na maioria dos restantes paises industrializados, a prevalência do excesso de peso e obesidade adolescente escalou para números que nos colocam entre os países da comunidade europeia com maiores problemas neste domínio (Matos, 2006). O aumento dos níveis de actividade física (AF) é parte integrante dos tratamentos hoje preconizados, pese embora seja um objectivo extremamente difícil de alcançar (AAP, 2006). Esta dificuldade deriva em parte das muitas actividades sedentárias que hoje em dia competem com a AF para a ocupação do tempo livre dos adolescentes. A maior parte parece motivá-los mais do que a AF. Por exemplo, cerca de 30% dos adolescentes portugueses estão 4 ou mais horas/dia a ver TV, enquanto que 40% estão 1-3 horas/dia a jogar video-jogos ou a usar PCs (Matos, 2006). Ver TV ou brincar a video-jogos sentado tem um impacto reduzido no dispêndio energético, aumentando entre 20-30% da taxa de metabolismo basal. Mas novos tipos de video-jogos estão agora disponíveis, implicando níveis de AF mais elevados para serem jogados, elevando em 120-180% da taxa de metabolismo basal (Lanningham-Foster et al., 2006). Estes novos jogos podem oferecer uma oportunidade para aumentar os níveis de AF numa população que tradicionalmente prefere as actividades sedentárias.

A System Dynamics-Based Simulation Experiment for Testing Mental Model and Performance Effects of Using the Balanced Scorecard

This study develops a theoretical model that explains the effectiveness of the balanced scorecard approach by means of a system dynamics and feedback learning perspective. Presumably, the balanced scorecard leads to a better understanding of context, allowing managers to externalize and improve their mental models. We present a set of hypotheses about the influence of the balanced scorecard approach on mental models and performance. A test based on a simulation experiment that uses a system dynamics model is performed. The experiment included three types of parameters: financial indicators; balanced scorecard indicators; and balanced scorecard indicators with the aid of a strategy map review. Two out of the three hypotheses were confirmed. It was concluded that a strategy map review positively influences mental model similarity, and mental model similarity positively influences performance.

A system dynamics-based simulation

This study develops a theoretical model that explains the effectiveness of the balanced scorecard approach by means of a system dynamics and feedback learning perspective. Presumably, the balanced scorecard leads to a better understanding of context, allowing managers to externalize and improve their mental models. We present a set of hypotheses about the influence of the balanced scorecard approach on mental models and performance. A test based on a simulation experiment that uses a system dynamics model is performed. The experiment included three types of parameters: financial indicators; balanced scorecard indicators; and balanced scorecard indicators with the aid of a strategy map review. Two out of the three hypotheses were confirmed. It was concluded that a strategy map review positively influences mental model similarity, and mental model similarity positively influences performance.

Strategy Lab Experiences: Bathtub Dynamics

As the world changes ever faster, managers increasingly recognize the complexity and turbulence of the business systems in which they are embedded. The management problems are dynamic, while the dynamic complexity comes frequently from few variables with circle and delays interrelations that introduce nonlinearities.The present paper describes a research conducted in Portugal with two different groups - one, academic; the other, professional - where we explored the subjects’ understanding of some basic systems thinking concepts such as stock-flow relationship, feedback processes and time delays.