The low cost phenomenon

LCC Market Development - In 1996 low cost airlines (LCCs) accounted for only 1.4% of intra-European Union capacity. By the end of 2002, low cost airlines had captured 12% of all intra-EU capacity - Currently LCCs have a 30% market share of scheduled European point-to-point passengers. According to AEA forecasts, the LC market is expected to increase to 43% of European traffic by 2011. - In 2006 140 million passengers were carried by LCCs. - Low-fare airlines have increased their presence from 13% of city pairs in 2003 to 26% in 2007. 96% of new city-pairs between 2005 and 2007 were added by LCCs. - The United Kingdom still sees the highest number of low-cost flights, followed by Spain, which has been making up a lot of ground over the last year. This is followed by Italy and Germany with slightly fewer flights. These four countries contribute to roughly three quarters of low-cost departures. France is fifth in this list with only 5% of LC flights. - easyJet and Ryanair continue to be the biggest players in the European LCC market accounting for about 40% of all LCC capacity. The top two are followed by Airberlin, which contributes another 10% leaving three carriers in control of half the European low-cost market.

Os Medicamentos Homeopáticos em Portugal

A homeopatia rege-se por princípios antagónicos relativamente à medicina clássica. Centra-se no doente e está apoiada em princípios como a cura pelos similares - ‹‹similia similibus curentur››, a utilização de pequenas doses de substância activa e na avaliação do doente como um todo. A introdução desta doutrina em Portugal, veio trazer um novo tipo de abordagem ao modo de tratar um paciente. Criada por Samuel Hahnemann, em 1796, e introduzida em Portugal por Manuel da Silva Passos, em meados dos anos 1830, a homeopatia assume-se como uma das principais medicinas alternativas complementares [MAC]. Apoia-se no rigor da formulação do medicamento, na qualidade das matérias-primas, em processos de diluição e controlo de qualidade descritos em farmacopeias oficiais e, disponíveis em várias formas farmacêuticas; o medicamento homeopático apresenta uma razoável cota de mercado, o que requer legislação adequada. A adopção dos conteúdos da Directiva 2001/83/CE no Decreto-Lei [DL] n.º 176/2006, de 30 de Agosto, permitiu a Portugal inserir-se num mercado com maior liberdade de circulação de produtos homeopáticos, mais seguro e previsível. Ferramentas como os procedimentos administrativos centralizados e descentralizados envolvendo os Estadosmembros da Comissão Europeia [CE] e a introdução de medicamentos homeopáticos via registo simplificado [RS], permitiram a Portugal aproximar-se de países como a Alemanha e França, os mercados mais significativos ao nível europeu.

Scenario Planning and Evaluation of Pricing Strategies in the Portuguese Bulk LPG Market

Portugal has the largest LPG (Liquefied Petroleum Gas) share of primary energy demand in the EU (about 5%). Due to the increasing international cost of LPG in the last years and the high price sensitivity of the consumers the preference for substitute energy sources in new and existing consumers has been increasing. To select the kind of energy, some consumer estimate and compare the total costs while others follow agents (equipment sellers) recommendations. It takes time to build agents perception about the most advantageous source of energy, which is seen as an important resource that drives client resource accumulation and retention. Marketing strategies have to take into consideration some market dynamic effects derived from the accumulation and depletion of these resources. A simple system dynamics model was built, combined with Economic Value Added framework, to evaluate some pricing strategies under different scenarios of LPG international cost.

Scenario Planning and Evaluation of Pricing Strategies in the Portuguese Bulk LPG Market

Portugal has the largest LPG (Liquefied Petroleum Gas) share of primary energy demand in the EU (about 5%). Due to the increasing international cost of LPG in the last years and the high price sensitivity of the consumers the preference for substitute energy sources in new and existing consumers has been increasing. To select the kind of energy, some consumer estimate and compare the total costs while others follow agents (equipment sellers) recommendations. It takes time to build agents perception about the most advantageous source of energy, which is seen as an important resource that drives client resource accumulation and retention. Marketing strategies have to take into consideration some market dynamic effects derived from the accumulation and depletion of these resources. A simple system dynamics model was built, combined with Economic Value Added framework, to evaluate some pricing strategies under different scenarios of LPG international cost.

2007-2026 Global market forecast : Airbus

The main drivers of tomorrow's traffic growth - Growing Middle East passenger and cargo hubs - Asia: a new economic paradigm in the making - LCCs in Asia growing in number and traffic share - Accelerating deregulation in Asia - Continuing high growth rate for domestic China and emerging China international outbound traffic.