Towards the design of efficient nonbeacon-enabled ZigBee networks

This paper presents experimental results of the communication performance evaluation of a prototype ZigBee-based patient monitoring system commissioned in an in-patient floor of a Portuguese hospital (HPG – Hospital Privado de Guimar~aes). Besides, it revisits relevant problems that affect the performance of nonbeacon-enabled ZigBee networks. Initially, the presence of hidden-nodes and the impact of sensor node mobility are discussed. It was observed, for instance, that the message delivery ratio in a star network consisting of six wireless electrocardiogram sensor devices may decrease from 100% when no hidden-nodes are present to 83.96% when half of the sensor devices are unable to detect the transmissions made by the other half. An additional aspect which affects the communication reliability is a deadlock condition that can occur if routers are unable to process incoming packets during the backoff part of the CSMA-CA mechanism. A simple approach to increase the message delivery ratio in this case is proposed and its effectiveness is verified. The discussion and results presented in this paper aim to contribute to the design of efficient networks,and are valid to other scenarios and environments rather than hospitals.

Organizational and accounting change within the context of the environmental agenda: evidence from Portugal

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore the process of organizational change undergone by a large Portuguese business group within the context of the environmental agenda and the role of accounting as a mechanism for change. Design/methodology/approach – The paper reports the results of a case study conducted between 2006 and 2009. Information was obtained from semi-structured interviews and secondary sources. Organizational changes were analyzed using Laughlin’s model in order to identify which category reflected most of the changes introduced to address environmental matters. Findings – This paper offers evidence that change is not a homogeneous phenomenon. Additionally, it confirms previous studies’ findings which found that accounting did not play a significant role in the process of organizational change within the context of the environmental agenda. Originality/value – This paper seeks to complement the research in this area by integrating observations from a case study into an existing model of levels of organizational change according to how a Portuguese business group incorporated environmental issues into its processes, policies and corporate culture.

Produto Aquaoli: projeto de design industrial em aquariofilia

Esta dissertação de mestrado, apresenta a elaboração de um projeto de design industrial em aquariofilia - Aquaoli. Pretende-se criar uma nova tipologia de aquários inovadora e distinta, projetando o produto com o intuito deste cumprir com todos os parâmetros exigidos pelo mercado e produção do mesmo. Definiu-se a criança entre os 7 e os 11 anos como público-alvo deste projeto. Assim, pretende-se um resultando promissor para a empresa AQUATLANTIS apostar e lucrar com o seu desenvolvimento. Para que este projeto obtivesse bons resultados, foi realizada uma pesquisa aprofundada, desde a aquariofilia (a sua história, biologia e mercado), do aquariófilo atual (psicologia do consumidor e as suas responsabilidades), até ao estado da arte (da AQUATLANTIS e dos produtos existentes no mercado). Este projeto foi desenvolvido em várias vertentes de design, procurando ser o mais completo possível. Isso foi viável com o desenvolvimento do produto e de todos os seus componentes em três dimensões, o desenvolvimento de maquetes e de protótipos do produto, o desenvolvimento do packaging e campanha promocional, a definição de preço custo e métodos de produção dos objetos, entre outros parâmetros. Obteve-se um projeto de design industrial bastante completo e com potencial para ser implementado no mercado, cativando a atenção do público-alvo e obtendo vendas elevadas. O aquário apresenta-se distinto dos existentes, principalmente no facto de ser modular, muito interativo, pedagógico e incorporar uma estrutura invulgar e particularmente cativante para as crianças. Este produto subdivide-se em dois conjuntos vendidos separadamente (Aquarium Pack e Kit-1 Pack), apresentando assim uma estratégia de marketing que pretende que a criança que o adquira pela primeira vez, venha a desejar adquirir mais produtos desta gama, procurando aumentar a sua estante e/ou o número de aquários e animais que incorpora na mesma.

“Portugal, país de brandos costumes”?

Será? Um pouco da sua história e já no Séc. XX. Vamos, por momentos, esquecer as milhares de guerras que tivemos antes, a tortura pública ou a inquisição ou até alguns massacres e genocídios que fizemos aquando das chamadas descobertas. Em alguns casos, pois os portugueses foram bem mais brandos do que outros “descobridores”, é certo, misturando-se inclusive com os nativos. Os Portugueses, “esse Povo de brandos costumes…”. Abstract: Will be? A little of its history and in the century. XX. Let's for a moment forget the thousands of wars we had before, public torture or inquisition or even some massacres and genocides we did during the calls findings. In some cases, because the Portuguese were far more lenient than others "discoverers", of course, including blending with the natives. The Portuguese, "People of this mild manners ...".

A valorização das heranças culturais através do design

A presente investigação versa a ligação do design às heranças culturais. Num período em que as fronteiras se vão de certa forma dissolvendo, há, por um lado, um maior risco de perdas de identidades e tradições, mas também, por outro lado um maior interesse pela procura dessas mesmas identidades. Tenta-se, com esta investigação, perceber se a ligação do design às heranças culturais e vice-versa poderá trazer mais valias para ambos. Isto é, o design como mediador entre as heranças culturais e as pessoas, fomentando o interesse do público pelas tradições e legado cultural, valorizando o conhecimento, conservação e preservação dos mesmos. Procura-se, também, perceber se o design poderá aproveitar esta aproximação como uma força potenciadora para se impor e prosperar, tanto no mercado nacional como no internacional. Se o design português precisa de algo único, como a cultura portuguesa, também as heranças culturais precisam de ser vistas por um novo prisma, e aqui é proposto entrar o design. Baseada na critica literária e casos de estudo, tanto nacionais como internacionais, respondeu-se às perguntas colocadas no inicio da dissertação. Foi também criado o projeto Da Panela de modo a provar as respostas afirmativas às mesmas questões. O projeto Da Panela propõe uma reflexão sobre o panorama gastronómico minhoto, evocando a sua memória e conhecimento, numa colaboração entre design e gastronomia para a criação de novos produtos que pretendeu revitalizar uma região e uma tradição, dando-lhe novas interpretações e formas, que promovam o conhecimento e valorizem os seus recursos. Um projeto que transpôs esta herança tão tradicional para os dias de hoje, possibilitando novas experiências e novos usos, aplicados ao contexto e necessidades atuais.

Corruptos Submarinos: Portugal Envergonhado

Recordar é viver. O famoso caso de corrupção internacional ligado à compra e venda de submarinos pelo Estado português – e que ainda não está resolvido na sua totalidade, nomeadamente por cá – constitui um facto repugnante da história contemporânea da anti-corrupção, e da ética, também lusa que envergonha em profundidade Portugal a nível nacional, mas sobretudo internacional. E envergonha, quer o poder legislativo, quer o poder judicial, quer o poder executivo. Em Portugal, mas também na Alemanha, pois nem toda a informação criminal chegou às autoridades portuguesas como foi noticiado pelos próprios procuradores. § Remember is living. The famous case of international corruption linked to the purchase and sale of submarines by the Portuguese State - and that is still not resolved in its entirety, especially around here - is a disgusting fact of contemporary history of anti-corruption and ethics, also Portuguese who shames Portugal in depth at national level, but above all international. And shame either the legislature or the judiciary or the executive. In Portugal, but also in Germany, as not all criminal information came from the Portuguese authorities was as reported by their own attorneys.

Improving the environmental performance of bedding products by using life cycle assessment at the design stage

Improvement of the environmental performance of processes and products is a common objective in industry, and has been receiving increased attention in recent years. The main objective of this work is to evaluate the potential environmental impact of two bedding products, a polyurethane foam mattress (PFM) and a pocket spring mattress (PSM). These two types are the most common mattresses used in Europe. A Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) shows that the PFM has a higher environmental impact than the PSM. For both products the main cause of environmental impact is the manufacturing process, respectively the polyurethane foam block moulding process for the PFM, and the pocket spring nucleus process for the PSM. A scenario analysis shows the possibility of reducing the environmental impact of the products’ life cycle using an alternative End-of-Life scenario, resorting to incineration rather than landfill. Two strategies were also studied in order to reduce the environmental impact of the PFM: (1) reutilization of foam that was sent to the waste system management, and (2) a 20% weight reduction of the polyurethane foam. The second strategy has proven to be the most effective.

Electrospun silk-elastin-like fiber mats for tissue engineering applications

Protein-based polymers are present in a wide variety of organisms fulfilling structural and mechanical roles. Advances in protein engineering and recombinant DNA technology allow the design and production of recombinant protein-based polymers (rPBPs) with an absolute control of its composition. Although the application of recombinant proteins as biomaterials is still an emerging technology, the possibilities are limitless and far superior to natural or synthetic materials, as the complexity of the structural design can be fully customized. In this work, we report the electrospinning of two new genetically engineered silk-elastin-like proteins (SELPs) consisting of alternate silk- and elastin-like blocks. Electrospinning was performed with formic acid and aqueous solutions at different concentrations without addition of further agents. The size and morphology of the electrospun structures was characterized by scanning electron microscopy showing to be dependent of concentration and solvent used. Treatment with air saturated with methanol was employed to stabilize the structure and promote water insolubility through a time-dependent conversion of random coils into β-sheets (FTIR). The resultant methanol-treated electrospun mats were characterized for swelling degree (570-720%), water vapour transmission rate (1083 g/m2/day) and mechanical properties (modulus of elasticity of ~126 MPa). Furthermore, the methanol-treated SELP fiber mats showed no cytotoxicity and were able to support adhesion and proliferation of normal human skin fibroblasts. Adhesion was characterized by a filopodia-mediated mechanism. These results demonstrate that SELP fiber mats can provide promising solutions for the development of novel biomaterials suitable for tissue engineering applications.

Reducing fuel consumption through modular vehicle architectures

By identifying energy waste streams in vehicles fuel consumption and introducing the concept of lean driving systems, a technological gap for reducing fuel consumption was identified. This paper proposes a solution to overcome this gap, through a modular vehicle architecture aligned with driving patterns. It does not address detailed technological solutions; instead it models the potential effects in fuel consumption through a modular concept of a vehicle and quantifies their dependence on vehicle design parameters (manifesting as the vehicle mass) and user behavior parameters (driving patterns manifesting as the use of a modular car in lighter and heavier mode, in urban and highway cycles). Modularity has been functionally applied in automotive industry as manufacture and assembly management strategies; here it is thought as a product development strategy for flexibility in use, driven by environmental concerns and enabled by social behaviors. The authors argue this concept is a step forward in combining technological solutions and social behavior, of which eco-driving is a vivid example, and potentially evolutionary to a lean, more sustainable, driving culture.

REENGINEERING THE CONCEPT OF URBAN CARS: A CASE STUDY

Based on a previously developed mathematical model for fuel consumption of a modular car, here we discuss the cross impacts of engineering scenarios vs. flexibility in use for modular vehicle architectures to achieve the reduction of CO2 emissions targeted by the European Union, in 2009. A systems perspective is adopted in conceptualizing a modular architecture of vehicles. From a theoretical viewpoint, we found modular architecture of vehicles a potential design strategy to minimize fuel inefficiencies and, thus, a strategy for design for environment.

A practical framework for the generation and selection of strategic plans of action, The relevance of timeframe considerations and a systems thinking approach

The paper proposes a methodology especially focused on the generation of strategic plans of action, emphasizing the relevance of having a structured timeframe classification for the actions. The methodology explicitly recognizes the relevance of long-term goals as strategic drivers, which must insure that the complex system is capable to effectively respond to changes in the environment. In addition, the methodology employs engineering systems techniques in order to understand the inner working of the system and to build up alternative plans of action. Due to these different aspects, the proposed approach features higher flexibility compared to traditional methods. The validity and effectiveness of the methodology has been demonstrated by analyzing an airline company composed by 5 subsystems with the aim of defining a plan of action for the next 5 years, which can either: improve efficiency, redefine mission or increase revenues.

Needs and Opportunities in Ambient Assisted Living in Portugal

The exponential raise in the age dependency rate together with the difficulties in having conventional care solutions opens the space for the appearance and development of innovative Ambient Assisted Living (AAL) solutions.However, the development of these solutions requires a thorough understanding of user needs and wills. In this paper we present the scenarios being adopted in the context of AAL projects, as well as the products and services current available in each of the considered utilization scenarios. The needs of the Portuguese AAL users are analyzed through the discussion of some preliminary results from a survey targeted at the Portuguese population over 55 years old. These results will be used to characterize the needs and establish the readiness and willingness of elder Portuguese population in using AAL solutions.

A moção de censura em Portugal nos últimos 35 anos, a sua utilização como instrumento político de controlo

O presente artigo intenta plasmar o uso da moção de censura enquanto instituto de controlo político do Governo na actividade parlamentar portuguesa das últimas três décadas. Da análise às diversas legislaturas e sessões legislativas dos vários governos constitucionais sistematizam-se aqueles mecanismos de controlo com referência à responsabilidade política do Governo.

Os efeitos não-keynesianos da política fiscal: consolidações fiscais expansionistas ou contraccionistas? - Estudo de Caso: Portugal

No presente artigo faz-se uma revisão da literatura teórica e empírica dos efeitos não-keynesianos da política orçamental e o estudo do caso português no período1980- 2005. Discutem-se as perspectivas keynesiana, ricardiana e neoclássica dos efeitos dos défices na actividade económica, descrevem-se os efeitos não-keynesianos da política orçamental numa perspectiva teórica e empírica; igualmente identificam-se os episódios de consolidação orçamental na economia portuguesa e avalia-se o sucesso destas consolidações; e, por último, apresentam-se as conclusões.

Reforma do emprego público: breves considerações às grandes reformas em curso em Portugal

O presente artigo analisa temas sobre a reforma da Administração Pública e os modelos que lhe têm servido, em formato sintetizado. Aprecia, também, a causalidade da reforma com o estado particular do emprego público. Com argumentos supranacionais e considerações mais concretas sobre Portugal, expõe-se a reforma impulsionada pelo XVII Governo Constitucional, desde 2005. Julgamos ser a maior reforma alguma vez praticada na Administração Pública portuguesa. No artigo fazem-se apreciações aos aspectos do emprego público, ao seu regime de carreiras, vínculos e remunerações, recrutamento e selecção, ainda que por breves considerações.