Participação das mulheres na política autárquica em Portugal nos últimos 25 anos (1982 a 2005): especial relevo para as mulheres eleitas apuradas para a presidência dos órgãos

The debate around the women`s participation in politics continues to be a very present subject. This article has the intention to select, in quantitative terms, that kind of participation, particularly in the case of the autarchic local administration in Portugal, through the last 25 years. It does not intend, thus, to study the best or worse feminine performance in the respective elections and/or the exercise of the mandate. The analysis involves the 308 local governments and the 4.261 parish’s existing in Portugal. It covers almost the totality of the elected officers in the period analysed which covers the elections of 1982, 1989, 1993, 1997, 2001 and 2005,with a total of 276.068 elected men and women, where a total of 24.905 were women.

Factors Influencing the Implementation of the Balanced Scorecard in Portugal: Empirical Evidence From Privately Owned and Publicly Owned Organizations

In this paper we aim to identify and analyze a set of variables that can potentially influence the adoption and knowledge of the Balanced Scorecard (BSC) in Portugal. Hypotheses were tested using data obtained from a questionnaire sent to 591 publicly-owned organizations (local governments, municipal corporations and hospitals) and 549 privately-owned organizations (large companies and small and medium enterprises) in Portugal. The results allow us to conclude that although the majority of respondents claimed to know the BSC, its use in Portugal is still limited and very recent, particularly in the public sector organizations. However, it should be noted that its use has increased in Portugal in recent years. The study also reveals that in spite of the noticeable differences between public and private sector, the BSC is used in the public sector after a few adjustments to the traditional model. Using as theoretical framework the contingency and institutional theories, we found that decentralization, vertical differentiation and the degree of higher education are associated with the implementation of the BSC.

Determinant factors of the implementation of the balanced scorecard in Portugal: empirical evidence in public and private organizations

In this article we aim to identify and analyze a set of variables that can potentially influence the adoption of the Balanced Scorecard (BSC)in Portugal. Hypotheses were tested using data obtained from a questionnaire sent to 591 publicly-owned organizations (local governments, municipal corporations and hospitals) and 549 privately-owned organizations (large companies and small and medium enterprises) in Portugal, with an overall response rate of 31.3%. The results allow us to conclude that although the majority of respondents claimed to know the BSC, its use in Portugal is still limited and very recent, particularly in the public sector organizations. However, it should be noted that its use has increased in Portugal in recent years. Using as theoretical framework the contingency and institutional theories, we found that decentralization, vertical differentiation and the degree of higher education are associated with the implementation of the BSC.

Mediação penal: a importância no ensino do direito e solicitadoria

A mediação penal, como meio para alcançar a chamada justiça restaurativa, dum modo mais rápido, tem sido uma preocupação dos últimos governos, duma cor ou doutra. O “Regime da Mediação Penal” pauta-se em Portugal pela Lei nº 21/2007, de 12/2, até à Lei nº 29/2013, de 19/4 e que entrou em vigor em 19/5 do mesmo ano. Abstract: Mediation as a means to achieve the so-called restorative justice, with a faster, has been a concern of the past governments, with a color or another. The "Regime of Criminal Mediation" agenda in Portugal by Law No. 21/2007, of 12/2, to Law No. 29/2013, of 19/4 and entered into force on 19/5 the same year.

Survival Analysis Employed in Predicting Corporate Failure: A Forecasting Model Proposal

In face of the current economic and financial environment, predicting corporate bankruptcy is arguably a phenomenon of increasing interest to investors, creditors, borrowing firms, and governments alike. Within the strand of literature focused on bankruptcy forecasting we can find diverse types of research employing a wide variety of techniques, but only a few researchers have used survival analysis for the examination of this issue. We propose a model for the prediction of corporate bankruptcy based on survival analysis, a technique which stands on its own merits. In this research, the hazard rate is the probability of ‘‘bankruptcy’’ as of time t, conditional upon having survived until time t. Many hazard models are applied in a context where the running of time naturally affects the hazard rate. The model employed in this paper uses the time of survival or the hazard risk as dependent variable, considering the unsuccessful companies as censured observations.

VIP’S+CAPACIDADE CONTRIBUTIVA=PENSÕES CORTADAS?

Enquanto isso, sucessivos governos desprezam a capacidade contributiva. Os impostos aumentam em desprezo dessa capacidade, pois é preciso ter rendimento e capital e na medida destes ou do seu uso. Capacidade contributiva é uma coisa. Capacidade tributária, outra. A capacidade contributiva tem em consideração que o imposto é um (suposto) dever de solidariedade. O Estado deve ter condições para intervir no domínio económico e social. Embora a gestão honesta dos dinheiros públicos seja sempre uma questão a jusante da cobrança de impostos. O imposto deve ser progressivo sobre o rendimento. § Meanwhile, successive governments despise ability to pay. Taxes increase in contempt of this capability, it is necessary to have income and capital and to the extent these or your use. Ability to pay is one thing. Tax capacity, other. The fiscal capacity takes into account that the tax is a (supposed) duty of solidarity. The state should be able to intervene in the economic and social field. Although the honest management of public money is always an issue downstream of tax collection. The tax must be progressive on income.

Determinantes da adopção e desenvolvimento do Sistema de Contabilidade de Custos nos municípios Portugueses

The present study envisages to analyse and perceive change within the Portuguese local governments’ accounting information system. This change has occurred in recent years due to the development of the Cost Accounting System (CAS). Are there divergences between those that adopted and those that did not the CAS? As of today, to what extent is the CAS implemented? What factors do determine the level of development of the CAS amongst Portuguese local governments? This study has analysed several factors like the current legal framework, the local governments’ size, the financial independence and the level of political competitiveness. The empirical analysis focus upon the results as obtained by means of questionnaire which was applied to all the Portuguese Local Government (308). Although one may consider that its development is rather shallow, evidence unfolds that about 48% of the respondents have already adopted the CAS. It highlights that the pressure exerted by the current legal framework, namely the POCAL (Plano Oficial de Contabilidade das Autarquias Locais – Local Government Accounting Official Plan), the NLFL (Nova Lei das Finanças Locais – Local Finances New Law) and the RGTAL (Regime Geral de Taxas das Autarquias Locais – Local Government General Regime of Taxes), justifies that most of the local governments has adopted the new system of control and accounting information in recent years.The importance of information stemming from the CAS, thus bettering and refining the decision making process, is consistent with the positive evolution of this system, in the short-run. The institutions’ size as well as the level of financial independence and political competitiveness may also be pondered as most significant variables within this empirical analysis.

Relationships between NPM, the use of PM practices and the organizational performance: empirical evidence from government agencies

Purpose – this paper has two main purposes: (1)explore if government agencies more oriented to NPM postulates are more willing to use PM practices and to improve their performance; and (2) investigate whether the fit between the use of PM practices and the organizationa performance is dependent upon from the capacity of agencies to adapt its structures to changes introduced by NPM reforms. Design/methodology/approach - this paper is based on the survey method and provides empirical evidence from Portuguese government agencies.Findings (mandatory) - Our findings suggest that government agencies that made structural arrangements under the NPM reforms are more willing to use PM practices and will perform better than other agencies. In addition, this paper show that therelationship between the use of PM practices and the organizational performance is dependent upon from the agencies capacity to adopt new structural arrangements under the NPM reforms.Practical implications – this paper has three main contributions: (1) contribute to knowledge about the relationship between the introduction of NPM changes in the use of PM practices; (2) contribute to clarify whether agencies more oriented to NPM postulates are improving performance; and (3) help to clarify the way the organizations should adapt their structures for to be more effective in the use of PM practices. Originality/value - The quantitative empirical research, based on the unique survey applied to Portuguese government agencies on this field, allow us to add to prior research mainly based on case studies and oriented to local governments (Budding, 2004).

The internationally standardized process of public accounting: the perspective of different stakeholders in Portugal

New Public Management (NPM) led to great pressures for to introduce and adapt businesslike accounting in the public sector (Hood, 1995; Lapsley, 2008; Lapsley et al., 2009), specially the transition from cash basis to accrual-based accounting. In consequence, since the last 20 years we assist to a movement towards internationally standardized of public sector accounting that led to the publication of 32 International Public Sector Accounting Standards (IPSAS) for all public sector entities from national central governments to local governments (IFAC, 2008). These standards are accrual-basis and they emphasize the balance sheet approach, the fair value measurement and the revenue-expense approach (Hints, 2007). The main innovations are associated with the use of the balance sheet approach and the fair value measurement because, traditionally, public accounting systems are mainly focused on the revenue-expense approach and on historical cost valuation (Oulasvirta, 2014).