From ""Geography of Accumulation"" to ""Geography of Reproduction"": a dialogue with Harvey

This article aims to discuss the space, revealing its powerful in the comprehension of modem world, from the thesis which the geographic space consists itself as condition, medium and product of society reproduction in its totality, evolving several temporal-spatial scales and several levels of reality, that should prolong Marx's work, having in view the construction of a ""social theory of space"" in the sense of a radical critical geography. This argumentation allows to understand, in the limits of geography, the passage of the notion ""production of space"" as condition of the accumulation of capital to the notion ""production of space"" as condition of present reproduction in front of the accumulation crisis. As a starting point, a discussion about some David Harvey's works, who supports the thesis that accumulation crisis of capital would be solved, in the modem world, through the spatial fix.

Práticas preventivas de detecção de câncer em mulheres: comparação das estimativas dos inquéritos de saúde (ISA - Capital) e vigilância de fatores de risco e proteção para doenças crônicas por inquérito telefônico (VIGITEL - São Paulo)

OBJETIVO: O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar estimativas obtidas em inquéritos domiciliar e telefônico, da realização dos exames de Papanicolaou e mamografia em mulheres residentes no município de São Paulo em 2008, segundo características sociodemográficas, bem como dimensionar as diferenças observadas. MÉTODOS: Foram utilizados os dados do ISA - Capital 2008, inquérito domiciliar realizado no município de São Paulo pela Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP) e Secretaria de Estado da Saúde com apoio da Secretaria Municipal de Saúde de São Paulo, e do VIGITEL - São Paulo, inquérito telefônico realizado pelo Ministério da Saúde para Vigilância de Fatores de Risco e Proteção para Doenças Crônicas. Estimativas da realização do exame de Papanicolaou e mamografia na vida, bem como a realização no último ano foram comparadas segundo o tipo de inquérito (domiciliar/telefone) por meio de regressão de Poisson ajustada por idade e escolaridade. RESULTADOS: Não foram encontradas diferenças estatisticamente significantes entre as estimativas obtidas pelo VIGITEL e ISA - Capital para as prevalências de realização de mamografia no último ano. No entanto, para as estimativas globais de realização do exame de Papanicolaou alguma vez na vida e no último ano e da mamografia na vida, foi possível verificar diferenças estatisticamente significantes, com prevalências de cobertura superiores entre as entrevistadas pelo inquérito telefônico. CONCLUSÃO: Os resultados sinalizam a tendência de superestimação de alguns indicadores de cobertura de mamografia e de exame de Papanicolaou nos dados de pesquisa via telefone, apontando a necessidade de novos estudos que também contribuam para o melhor entendimento das diferenças observadas com o uso de diferentes modalidades de inquéritos.

Herbage accumulation, growth and structural characteristics of Mombasa grass (Panicum maximum Jacq.) harvested at different cutting intervals

The objective of the present study was to evaluate herbage accumulation, morphological composition, growth rate and structural characteristics in Mombasa grass swards subject to different cutting intervals (3, 5 and 7 wk) during the rainy and dry seasons of the year. Treatments were assigned to experimental units (17.5 m(2)) according to a complete randomised block design, with four replicates. Herbage accumulation was greater in the rainy than in the dry season (83 and 17%, respectively). Herbage accumulation (24,300 kg DM ha(-1)), average growth rate (140 kg DM ha(-1) d(-1)) and sward height (111 cm) were highest in the 7 wk cutting interval, but leaf proportion (56%), leaf:stem (1.6) and leaf:non leaf (1.3) ratios decreased. Herbage accumulation, morphological composition and sward structure of Mombasa grass sward may be manipulated through defoliation frequency. The highest leaf proportion was recorded in the 3-wk cutting interval. Longer cutting intervals affected negatively sward structure, with potential negative effects on utilization efficiency, animal intake and performance.

Comparative Study of the Changes in Partial Pressure of Plasma Carbon Dioxide During Carbon Dioxide Insufflation into the Intraperitoneal and Preperitoneal Spaces

Background: We aimed to compare plasma concentrations of carbon dioxide (CO(2)) in dogs that underwent intra- and preperitoneal CO(2) insufflation. Materials and Methods: Thirty dogs were studied. Ten formed a control group, 10 underwent intraperitoneal CO(2) insufflation, and 10 underwent preperitoneal CO(2) insufflation. General anesthesia with controlled ventilation was standardized for all dogs. After stabilizing the anesthesia, blood samples were collected at predetermined times and were sent for immediate gasometric analysis. Analysis of variance was used for comparing variables. Results: The plasma CO(2) concentration in the intraperitoneal insufflation group increased significantly more than in the preperitoneal insufflation group and was significantly greater than in the control group (P < 0.05). The pH values in the intraperitoneal group were lower than in the preperitoneal group (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The data from this study suggest that a greater plasma concentration of CO(2) is achieved by insufflation at constant pressure into the intraperitoneal space than into the preperitoneal space.

Predictive values of aspartate aminotransferase and gamma-glutamyl transferase for the hepatic accumulation of copper in cattle and buffalo

Ten cattle and 10 buffalo were divided into 2 groups (control [n = 8] and experimental [n = 12]) that received daily administration of copper. Three hepatic biopsies and blood samples were performed on days 0, 45, and 105. The concentration of hepatic copper was determined by spectrophotometric atomic absorption, and the activities of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) were analyzed. Regression analyses were done to verify the possible existing relationship between enzymatic activity and concentration of hepatic copper. Sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and positive and negative predictive values were determined. The serum activities of AST and GGT had coefficients of determination that were excellent predictive indicators of hepatic copper accumulation in cattle, while only GGT serum activity was predictive of hepatic copper accumulation in buffalo. Elevated serum GGT activity may be indicative of increased concentrations of hepatic copper even in cattle and buffalo that appear to be clinically healthy. Thus, prophylactic measures can be implemented to prevent the onset of a hemolytic crisis that is characteristic of copper intoxication.

The Liver Plays a Major Role in Clearance and Destruction of Blood Trypomastigotes in Trypanosoma cruzi Chronically Infected Mice

Intravenous challenge with Trypanosoma cruzi can be used to investigate the process and consequences of blood parasite clearance in experimental Chagas disease. One hour after intravenous challenge of chronically infected mice with 5610 6 trypomastigotes, the liver constituted a major site of parasite accumulation, as revealed by PCR. Intact parasites and/or parasite remnants were visualized at this time point scattered in the liver parenchyma. Moreover, at this time, many of liver-cleared parasites were viable, as estimated by the frequency of positive cultures, which considerably diminished after 48 h. Following clearance, the number of infiltrating cells in the hepatic tissue notably increased: initially (at 24 h) as diffuse infiltrates affecting the whole parenchyma, and at 48 h, in the form of large focal infiltrates in both the parenchyma and perivascular spaces. Phenotypic characterization of liver-infiltrating cells 24 h after challenge revealed an increase in Mac1(+), CD8(+) and CD4(+) cells, followed by natural killer (NK) cells. As evidence that liver-infiltrating CD4(+) and CD8(+) cells were activated, increased frequencies of CD69(+) CD8(+), CD69(+) CD4(+) and CD25(+) CD122(+) CD4(+) cells were observed at 24 and 48 h after challenge, and of CD25(-)CD122(+)CD4(+) cells at 48 h. The major role of CD4(+) cells in liver protection was suggested by data showing a very high frequency of interferon (IFN)-gamma-producing CD4(+) cells 24 h after challenge. In contrast, liver CD8(+) cells produced little IFN-gamma, even though they showed an enhanced potential for secreting this cytokine, as revealed by in vitro T cell receptor (TCR) stimulation. Confirming the effectiveness of the liver immune response in blood parasite control during the chronic phase of infection, no live parasites were detected in this organ 7 days after challenge.

Emission and dry deposition of accumulation mode particles in the Amazon Basin

Size-resolved vertical aerosol number fluxes of particles in the diameter range 0.25-2.5 mu m were measured with the eddy covariance method from a 53 m high tower over the Amazon rain forest, 60 km NNW of Manaus, Brazil. This study focuses on data measured during the relatively clean wet season, but a shorter measurement period from the more polluted dry season is used as a comparison. Size-resolved net particle fluxes of the five lowest size bins, representing 0.25-0.45 mu m in diameter, were in general dominated by deposition in more or less all wind sectors in the wet season. This is an indication that the source of primary biogenic aerosol particles may be small in this particle size range. Transfer velocities within this particle size range were observed to increase linearly with increasing friction velocity and increasing particle diameter. In the diameter range 0.5-2.5 mu m, vertical particle fluxes were highly dependent on wind direction. In wind sectors where anthropogenic influence was low, net upward fluxes were observed. However, in wind sectors associated with higher anthropogenic influence, deposition fluxes dominated. The net upward fluxes were interpreted as a result of primary biogenic aerosol emission, but deposition of anthropogenic particles seems to have masked this emission in wind sectors with higher anthropogenic influence. The net emission fluxes were at maximum in the afternoon when the mixed layer is well developed, and were best correlated with horizontal wind speed according to the equation log(10)F = 0.48.U + 2.21 where F is the net emission number flux of 0.5-2.5 mu m particles [m(-2) s(-1)] and U is the horizontal wind speed [ms(-1)] at the top of the tower.

Quantum fields with noncommutative target spaces

Quantum field theories (QFT's) on noncommutative spacetimes are currently under intensive study. Usually such theories have world sheet noncommutativity. In the present work, instead, we study QFT's with commutative world sheet and noncommutative target space. Such noncommutativity can be interpreted in terms of twisted statistics and is related to earlier work of Oeckl [R. Oeckl, Commun. Math. Phys. 217, 451 (2001)], and others [A. P. Balachandran, G. Mangano, A. Pinzul, and S. Vaidya, Int. J. Mod. Phys. A 21, 3111 (2006); A. P. Balachandran, A. Pinzul, and B. A. Qureshi, Phys. Lett. B 634,434 (2006); A.P. Balachandran, A. Pinzul, B.A. Qureshi, and S. Vaidya, arXiv:hep-th/0608138; A.P. Balachandran, T. R. Govindarajan, G. Mangano, A. Pinzul, B.A. Qureshi, and S. Vaidya, Phys. Rev. D 75, 045009 (2007); A. Pinzul, Int. J. Mod. Phys. A 20, 6268 (2005); G. Fiore and J. Wess, Phys. Rev. D 75, 105022 (2007); Y. Sasai and N. Sasakura, Prog. Theor. Phys. 118, 785 (2007)]. The twisted spectra of their free Hamiltonians has been found earlier by Carmona et al. [J. M. Carmona, J. L. Cortes, J. Gamboa, and F. Mendez, Phys. Lett. B 565, 222 (2003); J. M. Carmona, J. L. Cortes, J. Gamboa, and F. Mendez, J. High Energy Phys. 03 (2003) 058]. We review their derivation and then compute the partition function of one such typical theory. It leads to a deformed blackbody spectrum, which is analyzed in detail. The difference between the usual and the deformed blackbody spectrum appears in the region of high frequencies. Therefore we expect that the deformed blackbody radiation may potentially be used to compute a Greisen-Zatsepin-Kuzmin cutoff which will depend on the noncommutative parameter theta.

COMPLETE ISOMORPHIC CLASSIFICATIONS OF SOME SPACES OF COMPACT OPERATORS

This paper is a continuation and a complement of our previous work on isomorphic classification of some spaces of compact operators. We improve the main result concerning extensions of the classical isomorphic classification of the Banach spaces of continuous functions on ordinals. As an application, fixing an ordinal a and denoting by X(xi), omega(alpha) <= xi < omega(alpha+1), the Banach space of all X-valued continuous functions defined in the interval of ordinals [0,xi] and equipped with the supremum, we provide complete isomorphic classifications of some Banach spaces K(X(xi),Y(eta)) of compact operators from X(xi) to Y(eta), eta >= omega. It is relatively consistent with ZFC (Zermelo-Fraenkel set theory with the axiom of choice) that these results include the following cases: 1.X* contains no copy of c(0) and has the Mazur property, and Y = c(0)(J) for every set J. 2. X = c(0)(I) and Y = l(q)(J) for any infinite sets I and J and 1 <= q < infinity. 3. X = l(p)(I) and Y = l(q)(J) for any infinite sets I and J and 1 <= q < p < infinity.

ON ISOMORPHIC CLASSIFICATIONS OF SPACES OF COMPACT OPERATORS

We prove an extension of the classical isomorphic classification of Banach spaces of continuous functions on ordinals. As a consequence, we give complete isomorphic classifications of some Banach spaces K(X,Y(n)), eta >= omega, of compact operators from X to Y(eta), the space of all continuous Y-valued functions defined in the interval of ordinals [1, eta] and equipped with the supremum norm. In particular, under the Continuum Hypothesis, we extend a recent result of C. Samuel by classifying, up to isomorphism, the spaces K(X(xi), c(0)(Gamma)(eta)), where omega <= xi < omega(1,) eta >= omega, Gamma is a countable set, X contains no complemented copy of l(1), X* has the Mazur property and the density character of X** is less than or equal to N(1).

ON SPACES OF COMPACT OPERATORS ON C(K, X) SPACES

This paper concerns the spaces of compact operators kappa(E,F), where E and F are Banach spaces C([1, xi], X) of all continuous X-valued functions defined on the interval of ordinals [1, xi] and equipped with the supremun norm. We provide sufficient conditions on X, Y, alpha, beta, xi and eta, with omega <= alpha <= beta < omega 1 for the following equivalence: (a) kappa(C([1, xi], X), C([1, alpha], Y)) is isomorphic to kappa(C([1,eta], X), C([1, beta], Y)), (b) beta < alpha(omega). In this way, we unify and extend results due to Bessaga and Pelczynski (1960) and C. Samuel (2009). Our result covers the case of the classical spaces X = l(p) and Y = l(q) with 1 < p, q < infinity.

COUNTABLE GROUPS OF ISOMETRIES ON BANACH SPACES

A group G is representable in a Banach space X if G is isomorphic to the group of isometrics on X in some equivalent norm. We prove that a countable group G is representable in a separable real Banach space X in several general cases, including when G similar or equal to {-1,1} x H, H finite and dim X >= vertical bar H vertical bar or when G contains a normal subgroup with two elements and X is of the form c(0)(Y) or l(p)(Y), 1 <= p < +infinity. This is a consequence of a result inspired by methods of S. Bellenot (1986) and stating that under rather general conditions on a separable real Banach space X and a countable bounded group G of isomorphisms on X containing -Id, there exists an equivalent norm on X for which G is equal to the group of isometrics on X. We also extend methods of K. Jarosz (1988) to prove that any complex Banach space of dimension at least 2 may be renormed with an equivalent complex norm to admit only trivial real isometries, and that any complexification of a Banach space may be renormed with an equivalent complex norm to admit only trivial and conjugation real isometrics. It follows that every real Banach space of dimension at least 4 and with a complex structure may be renormed to admit exactly two complex structures up to isometry, and that every real Cartesian square may be renormed to admit a unique complex structure up to isometry.

POLAR ACTIONS ON CERTAIN PRINCIPAL BUNDLES OVER SYMMETRIC SPACES OF COMPACT TYPE

We study polar actions with horizontal sections on the total space of certain principal bundles G/K -> G/H with base a symmetric space of compact type. We classify such actions up to orbit equivalence in many cases. In particular, we exhibit examples of hyperpolar actions with cohomogeneity greater than one on locally irreducible homogeneous spaces with nonnegative curvature which are not homeomorphic to symmetric spaces.

ACCUMULATION AND TRANSLOCATION OF SILICON IN RICE AND BEAN PLANTS USING THE 30SI STABLE ISOTOPE

The 30Si silicon isotope stable was used for assessing the accumulation and translocation of Si in rice and bean plants grown in labeled nutritive solution. The isotopic silicon composition in plant materials was determined by mass spectrometry (IRMS) using the method based on SiF4 formation. Considering the total-Si added into nutritive solutions, the quantity absorbed by plants was near to 51% for rice and 15% for bean plants. The accumulated amounts of Si per plant were about 150g in rice and 8.6g in bean. Approximately 70% of the total-Si accumulated was found in leaves. At presented experimental conditions, the results confirmed that once Si is accumulated in the old parts of rice and bean plant tissues it is not redistributed to new parts, even when Si is not supplied to plants from nutritive solution.

Phytomass production and nitrogen accumulation in maize cultivated with different doses of (15)N-urea

This work aimed to study the possible alterations in production, accumulation of the vegetative phytomass and nitrogen efficiency use of the maize crop, in different doses of N applied in the fertilization, by using the technique of isotopic dilution of (15)N. The completely randomized block experimental design was adopted, with 5 treatments and 4 replicates. The following treatments were constituted in the doses in covering: 0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 kg ha(-1) of N, with fertilization of N-urea, respectively. Comparisons among the treatments had been run for crop productivity; nitrogen accumulation for the plant, and use of the nitrogen of the urea-(15)N for the crop. The increase of the dose of N-fertilizer resulted in increase of the dry matter mass, of the dry matter yield crop tax, of the productivity and accumulation of N in the maize plants.