Caracterização das mães, partos e recém-nascidos em Campinas, São Paulo, 2001 e 2005

OBJETIVO: Comparar dados pré-natais, dos partos e dos recém-nascidos de Campinas em 2001 e 2005. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal que analisou 13.656 documentos do Sistema de Informações sobre Nascidos Vivos (Sinasc) de 2005, comparando-as aos resultados de 2001. Analisou-se o local de moradia e parto, idade materna, estado civil, escolaridade, ocupação, paridade, consultas de pré-natal, tipo de parto, duração da gestação e peso ao nascer. Para avaliar a associação entre as variáveis, utilizou-se o teste de qui-quadrado, sendo significante p<0,05. RESULTADOS: Os nascidos nos Distritos de Saúde (DS) com piores índices de condições de vida (ICV) diminuíram em relação a 2001. A taxa de adolescentes passou de 17,7% para 14,7%. Em 2001, 39,4% das mães trabalhavam e, em 2005, 42,9%. Quanto à presença de companheiro, 35,9 e 54,3% não o referiam em 2001 e 2005, respectivamente. A escolaridade passou de 37,8% de mães com até sete anos de estudo para 25,7%, com aumento das que estudaram entre oito e 11 anos e 12 anos ou mais. O comparecimento a mais de seis consultas no pré-natal passou de 74,4 para 86,6%. Houve aumento de cesáreas (54,9 para 60,3%) e de prematuridade (7,1 para 8,9%). Não houve alteração no perfil de peso ao nascimento. CONCLUSÕES: Verificou-se queda da paridade nos DS com piores ICV e no percentual de mães adolescentes. Elevou-se o número de trabalhadoras, mulheres sem companheiro, escolaridade e frequência ao pré-natal.

As técnicas NASVD e MNF e sua aplicação na redução de ruídos em dados gamaespectrométricos

A desintegração radioativa é um processo aleatório e a estimativa de todas as medidas associadas é governada por leis estatísticas. Os perfis de taxas de contagem são sempre "ruidosos" quando utilizados períodos curtos como um segundo para cada medida. Os filtros utilizados e posteriormente as correções feitas no processamento atual de dados gamaespectrométricos não são suficientes para remover ou diminuir, consideravelmente, o ruído oriundo do espectro. Dois métodos estatísticos que atuam diretamente nos dados coletados, isto é, nos espectros, vêm sendo sugeridos na literatura para remover e minimizar estes ruídos remanescentes o Noise-Adjusted Singular Value Decomposition - NASVD e Maximum Noise Fraction - MNF. Estes métodos produzem uma redução no ruído de forma significativa. Neste trabalho eles foram implementados dentro do ambiente de processamento do software Oasis Montaj e aplicados na área compreendida pelos blocos I e II do levantamento aerogeofísico que recobre a porção oeste da Província Mineral do Tapajós, entre os Estados do Pará e Amazonas. Os dados filtrados e não-filtrados com as técnicas de NASVD e MNF foram processados com os parâmetros e constantes fornecidos pela empresa Lasa Engenharia e Prospecções S.A., sendo estes comparados. Os resultados da comparação entre perfis e mapas apresentaram-se de forma promissora, pois houve um ganho na resolução dos produtos.

Trichopeltariidae (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura), a new family and superfamily of eubrachyuran crabs with description of one new genus and five new species

A new family, Trichopeltariidae, is proposed to accommodate Sphaeropeltarion edentatum, new genus and species, and four additional genera traditionally placed in the family Atelecyclidae: Trichopeltarion A. Milne-Edwards, 1880 (type genus); Peltarion Hombron & Jacquinot, 1846; Podocatactes Ortmann, 1893; and Pteropeltarion Dell, 1972. Additionally, four new species of Trichopeltarion are described and illustrated. The new family exhibits characters of neither superfamilies of the Section Eubrachyura and is assigned to its own superfamily, Trichopeltarioidea nov. Keys to the genera of Trichopeltariidae fam. nov. and to all species in the family are presented (species of Trichopeltarion excepted). Six new combinations are proposed or confirmed. The genus Krunopeltarion Štev&#269;ić, 1993, is merged into the synonymy of Trichopeltarion. A lectotype is selected for Trichopeltarion corallinum (Faxon, 1893).

Scanning electron microscopy of the corneal endothelium of ostrich

The aim of this study was to examine the endothelial surface morphology and perform a morphometric analysis of the corneal endothelial cells of ostrich (Struthio camelus) using scanning electron microscopy. Polygonality, mean cell area, cell density and coefficient of variation of mean cell area were analyzed. The normal corneal endothelium consisted of polygonal cells of uniform size and shape with few interdigitations of the cell borders. Microvilli appeared as protusions on the cellular surface. The average cell area was 269±18µm² and the endothelial cell density was 3717±240cells mm-2. The coefficient of variation of the cell area was 0.06, and the percentage of hexagonal cells was 75%. The parameters evaluated did not differ significantly between the right and the left eye from the same ostrich. The results of this study showed that the ostrich corneal endothelial cells appear quite similar to those of the other vertebrates.

Potential vectors and hosts of rickettsia spp: epidemiological studies in the Vale do Paraíba, state of Rio de Janeiro/Brazil

FAPESP, CNPq, CAPES

Desire, Hierarchy, and Agency: Youth, Homosexuality, and Difference Markers in Sao Paulo

In this article, we present the results of ethnographic research undertaken in areas with concentrated recreational venues frequented by diverse youth groups in the city of Sao Paulo, Brazil. This material is part of the larger ""Relationships between race, gender and sexuality in different national and local contexts"" research initiative. Here, we focus upon data collected through ethnographic observation and interviews conducted in various locales where young men meet to engage in homoerotic sociability, demonstrating different degrees of conviviality among groups of different socioeconomic profiles and distinct esthetic preferences, consumer habits, and body types. We explore the production of styles and body presentations that link markers of color/race, gender, and sexuality, as well as the relationships that these maintain with opening or restricting possibilities for the establishment of erotic and affective partnerships involving these boys.

Abnormal collagen deposition in synovia after collagen type V immunization in rabbits

Sinovitis in Scleroderma (SSc) is rare, usually aggressive and fully resembles rheumatoid arthritis. Experimental models of SSc have been used in an attempt to understand its pathogenesis. Previous studies done in our laboratory had already revealed the presence of a synovial remodeling process in rabbits immunized with collagen V. To validate the importance of collagen type V and to explore the quantitative relationship between this factor and synovia remodeling as well as the relationship between collagen type V and other collagens, we studied the synovial tissue in immunized rabbits. Rabbits (N= 10) were immunized with collagen V plus Freund's adjuvant and compared with animals inoculated with adjuvant only (N= 10). Synovial tissues were submitted to histological analysis, immunolocalization to collagen I, III and V and biochemical analysis by eletrophoresis, immunoblot and densitometric method. The synovial tissue presented an intense remodeling process with deposits of collagen types I, III and V after 75 and 120 days of immunization, mainly distributed around the vessels and interstitium of synovial extracellular matrix. Densitometric analysis confirmed the increased synthesis of collagen I, III and V chains (407.69 +/- 80.31; 24.46 +/- 2.58; 70.51 +/- 7.66, respectively) in immunized rabbits when compared with animals from control group (164.91 +/- 15.67; 12.89 +/- 1.05; 32 +/- 3.57) (p<0.0001). We conclude that synovial remodeling observed in the experimental model can reflect the articular compromise present in patients with scleroderma. Certainly, this experimental model induced by collagen V immunization will bring new insights in to pathogenic mechanisms and allow the testing of new therapeutic strategies to ameliorate the prognosis for scleroderma patients.

Relationship Between Surface Topography and Energy Density Distribution of Er,Cr:YSGG Beam on Irradiated Dentin: An Atomic Force Microscopy Study

Objective: The aim of this study was to assess by atomic force microscopy (AFM) the effect of Er,Cr:YSGG laser application on the surface microtopography of radicular dentin. Background: Lasers have been used for various purposes in dentistry, where they are clinically effective when used in an appropriate manner. The Er, Cr: YSGG laser can be used for caries prevention when settings are below the ablation threshold. Materials and Methods: Four specimens of bovine dentin were irradiated using an Er, Cr:YSGG laser (lambda = 2.78 mu m), at a repetition rate of 20 Hz, with a 750-mu m-diameter sapphire tip and energy density of 2.8 J/cm(2) (12.5 mJ/pulse). After irradiation, surface topography was analyzed by AFM using a Si probe in tapping mode. Quantitative and qualitative information concerning the arithmetic average roughness (Ra) and power spectral density analyses were obtained from central, intermediate, and peripheral areas of laser pulses and compared with data from nonirradiated samples. Results: Dentin Ra for different areas were as follows: central, 261.26 (+/- 21.65) nm; intermediate, 83.48 (+/- 6.34) nm; peripheral, 45.8 (+/- 13.47) nm; and nonirradiated, 35.18 (+/- 2.9) nm. The central region of laser pulses presented higher ablation of intertubular dentin, with about 340-760 nm height, while intermediate, peripheral, and nonirradiated regions presented no difference in height of peritubular and interperitubular dentin. Conclusion: According to these results, we can assume that even when used at a low-energy density parameter, Er, Cr: YSGG laser can significantly alter the microtopography of radicular dentin, which is an important characteristic to be considered when laser is used for clinical applications.

Induced Modules for Affine Lie Algebras

We study induced modules of nonzero central charge with arbitrary multiplicities over affine Lie algebras. For a given pseudo parabolic subalgebra P of an affine Lie algebra G, our main result establishes the equivalence between a certain category of P-induced G-modules and the category of weight P-modules with injective action of the central element of G. In particular, the induction functor preserves irreducible modules. If P is a parabolic subalgebra with a finite-dimensional Levi factor then it defines a unique pseudo parabolic subalgebra P(ps), P subset of P(ps). The structure of P-induced modules in this case is fully determined by the structure of P(ps)-induced modules. These results generalize similar reductions in particular cases previously considered by V. Futorny, S. Konig, V. Mazorchuk [Forum Math. 13 (2001), 641-661], B. Cox [Pacific J. Math. 165 (1994), 269-294] and I. Dimitrov, V. Futorny, I. Penkov [Comm. Math. Phys. 250 (2004), 47-63].

INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY IN TROPICAL ESTUARINE COPEPOD ASSEMBLAGES OFF NORTHEASTERN BRAZIL

We studied copepod assemblage variability among years, seasons, and tidal states in the Mucuri River estuary (Bahia State, Brazil). Zooplankton samples were collected seasonally through five years (2002-2006) at three sampling stations, one of which was sampled over a complete tidal cycle (two ebb and two flood tides). Temperature, salinity, river flux, and rainfall data were collected. Winter and summer represented dry and wet seasons, respectively. Copepod abundances ranged from 40 to 63% of the total zooplankton assemblage and comprised 46 taxa, among which, common estuarine species such as Temora turbinata (first record for the studied area), Parvocalanus crassirostris, Acartia lilljeborgi, Oithona hebes were the most abundant (euryhaline species). Interannual and seasonal variations were most marked in stenohaline species, e.g.. Notodiaptomus sp. and Thermocyclops minutus; density variations of euryhaline species, which made up the majority of the abundant taxa, were most closely related to tides. Diversity and richness also followed an intertidal pattern of variation.

Knoop Microhardness and FT-Raman Spectroscopic Evaluation of a Resin-Based Dental Material Light-Cured by an Argon Ion Laser and Halogen Lamp: An in Vitro Study

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate in vitro the Knoop microhardness (Knoop hardness number [KHN]) and the degree of conversion using FT-Raman spectroscopy of a light-cured microhybrid resin composite (Z350-3M-ESPE) Vita shade A3 photopolymerized with a halogen lamp or an argon ion laser. Background Data: Optimal polymerization of resin-based dental materials is important for longevity of restorations in dentistry. Materials and Methods: Thirty specimens were prepared and inserted into a disc-shaped polytetrafluoroethylene mold that was 2.0 mm thick and 3 mm in diameter. The specimens were divided into three groups (n = 10 each). Group 1 (G1) was light-cured for 20 sec with an Optilux 501 halogen light with an intensity of 1000 mW/cm(2). Group 2 (G2) was photopolymerized with an argon laser with a power of 150 mW for 10 sec, and group 3 (G3) was photopolymerized with an argon laser at 200 mW of power for 10 sec. All specimens were stored in distilled water for 24 h at 37 degrees C and kept in lightproof containers. For the KHN test five indentations were made and a depth of 100 mu m was maintained in each specimen. One hundred and fifty readings were obtained using a 25-g load for 45 sec. The degree of conversion values were measured by Raman spectroscopy. KHN and degree of conversion values were obtained on opposite sides of the irradiated surface. KHN and degree of conversion data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Tukey tests with statistical significance set at p < 0.05. Results: The results of KHN testing were G1 = 37.428 +/- 4.765; G2 = 23.588 +/- 6.269; and G3 = 21.652 +/- 4.393. The calculated degrees of conversion (DC%) were G1 = 48.57 +/- 2.11; G2 = 43.71 +/- 3.93; and G3 = 44.19 +/- 2.71. Conclusions: Polymerization with the halogen lamp ( G1) attained higher microhardness values than polymerization with the argon laser at power levels of 150 and 200 mW; there was no difference in hardness between the two argon laser groups. The results showed no statistically significant different degrees of conversion for the polymerization of composite samples with the two light sources tested.

Antinociceptive effect of stimulating the occipital or retrosplenial cortex in rats

A role for the occipital or retrosplenial cortex in nociceptive processing has not been demonstrated yet, but connections from these cortices to brain structures involved in descending pain-inhibitory mechanisms were already demonstrated. This study demonstrated that the electrical stimulation of the occipital or retrosplenial cortex produces antinociception in the rat tail-flick and formalin tests. Bilateral lesions of the dorsolateral funiculus abolished the effect of cortical stimulation in the tail-flick test. Injection of glutamate into the same targets was also antinociceptive in the tail-flick test. No rats stimulated in the occipital or retrosplenial cortex showed any change in motor performance on the Rota-rod test, or had epileptiform changes in the EEG recording during or up to 3 hours after stimulation. The antinociception induced by occipital cortex stimulation persisted after neural block of the retrosplenial cortex. The effect of retrosplenial cortex stimulation also persisted after neural block of the occipital cortex. We conclude that stimulation of the occipital or retrosplenial cortex in rats leads to antinociception activating distinct descending pain-inhibitory mechanisms, and this is unlikely to result from a reduced motor performance or a postictal phenomenon. Perspective: This study presents evidence that stimulation of the retrosplenial or occipital cortex produces antinociception in rat models of acute pain. These findings enhance our understanding of the role of the cerebral cortex in control of pain. (C) 2010 by the American Pain Society

Wear mechanisms and microstructure of pulsed plasma nitrided AISI H13 tool steel

AISI H13 tool steel discs were pulsed plasma minded during different times at a constant temperature of 400 degrees C Wear tests were performed in order to study the acting wear mechanisms The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and hardness measurements The results showed that longer nitriding times reduce the wear volumes. The friction coefficient was 0.20 +/- 0 05 for all tested conditions and depends strongly on the presence of debris After wear tests, the wear tracks were characterized by optical and scanning electron microscopy and the wear mechanisms were observed to change from low cycle fatigue or plastic shakedown to long cycle fatigue These mechanisms were correlated to the microstructure and hardness of the nitrided layer (C) 2010 Elsevier B V All rights reserved