Notas e novos táxons em Acanthoderini (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Lamiinae). III. Gêneros semelhantes a Anoreina

São discriminados em chave os gêneros semelhantes a Anoreina Bates, 1861, Trichoanoreina Julio & Monné, 2005 e Pyrianoreina gen. nov. Espécies novas descritas: Pyrianoreina piranga sp. nov. do Equador; P. hovorei sp. nov. da Bolívia; do Brasil Anoreina piara sp. nov. (Pará) e A. pinimaiuba sp. nov. (Amazonas); A. ayri sp. nov. do Equador.

Revision of the Neotropical trahiras of the Hoplias lacerdae species-group (Ostariophysi: Characiformes: Erythrinidae) with descriptions of two new species

Hoplias lacerdae was originally described from the rio Ribeira de Iguape, Iporanga, São Paulo State. The Hoplias lacerdae group is defined as containing generally large trahiras with the medial margins of dentaries running parallel to each other and lacking teeth on the basihyal compared to the H. malabaricus group in which the medial margins of the dentaries converge towards the mandibular symphysis and which have teeth on the basihyal. A taxonomic revision of the group based on meristic and morphometric data identified five distinct species: H. lacerdae distributed in the rio Ribeira de Iguape and rio Uruguai; H. intermedius from the rio São Francisco, upper rio Paraná basin, and rio Doce; H. brasiliensis from rivers of the Atlantic Coastal drainage from the rio Paraguaçu to the rio Jequitinhonha; H. australis new species, endemic to the rio Uruguai; and H. curupira new species present in northern South America, including the rios Negro, Trombetas, Tapajós, Xingu, Tocantins and Capim in the Amazon basin, upper rio Orinoco near the rio Casiquiare (Venezuela), and coastal rivers of Guyana and Suriname. A lectotype for Hoplias intermedius and a neotype for H. brasiliensis are designated.

Epidemiologia da Leishmaniose Tegumentar e descrição das populações de flebotomíneos no município de Acrelândia, Acre, Brasil

São apresentadas neste artigo a distribuição da leishmaniose tegumentar (LT) e descrição das populações de flebotomíneos em Acrelândia, Acre. Os dados epidemiológicos foram obtidos a partir de fichas de notificação de casos ocorridos entre 2001 e 2004, e os dados entomológicos são provenientes de capturas com armadilhas luminosas efetuadas entre 2004 e 2005 na zona rural de Acrelândia. Ocorreram 82 novos casos de LT, com idade entre 2 e 69 anos, sendo 75,6% em homens e 83,9% na zona rural. Predominou a LT com lesões únicas (78%). A microscopia direta da lesão, intradermorreação de Montenegro e biópsia apresentaram positividade de 100%, 98% e 79,5%, respectivamente. A resposta ao tratamento farmacológico foi bem sucedida em 71,6% dos casos; a falência terapêutica foi maior em pacientes com diagnóstico exclusivamente clínico (41,2%) e nos que receberam dose diária inadequada de antimonial pentavalente (64,3%). Foram coletados 40 espécimes de flebotomíneos em propriedades rurais com casos de LT (3 gêneros, 14 espécies), sendo 3 espécies conhecidas como vetoras ou possíveis vetoras de Leishmania: Nyssomyia antunesi predominou no peridomicílio (59,1%) e em margens de matas; Nyssomyia whitmani foi freqüente no peridomicílio (15%) e a única espécie encontrada no intradomicílio, e Trichophoromyia ubiquitalis foi capturada no peridomicílio. O uso de dados epidemiológicos existentes no serviço de saúde de Acrelândia, embora com várias limitações, permitiu avaliar a eficácia do diagnóstico e o tratamento empregados no município, enquanto os dados entomológicos coletados podem orientar estudos mais amplos visando identificar os vetores e espécies circulantes na região.

Culicidae (Diptera, Culicomorpha) from the western Brazilian Amazon: Juami-Japurá Ecological Station

With 312 trap-hours of sampling effort, 1554 specimens of Culicidae (Diptera) were collected, using CDC and Malaise traps, in nine different locations along the Juami River, within the Juami-Japurá Ecological Station, Amazonas State, Brazil. A list of mosquito species with 54 taxa is presented, which includes three new distributional records for the state of Amazonas. The species found belong to the genera Anopheles, Aedeomyia, Aedes, Psorophora, Culex, Coquillettidia, Sabethes, Wyeomyia and Uranotaenia.

Anopheles (Nyssorhynchus) atacamensis (Diptera: Culicidae), a new species from Northern Chile

Anopheles (Nyssorhynchus) atacamensis, a new species in the subgenus Nyssorhynchus, is described and validated using morphological characters of the male and female adult, male genitalia and immature stages. Molecular characterization employing sequences of the ITS2 rDNA and COI mtDNA are provided. The new taxon is compared with Anopheles (Nyssorhynchus) pictipennis (Philippi) from central Chile based on morphological features of the adults, male genitalia and larva. Illustrations of the diagnostic characteristics of the male genitalia, fourth-instar larva and pupa are provided.

A new classification of foods based on the extent and purpose of their processing

This paper describes a new food classification which assigns foodstuffs according to the extent and purpose of the industrial processing applied to them. Three main groups are defined: unprocessed or minimally processed foods (group 1), processed culinary and food industry ingredients (group 2), and ultra-processed food products (group 3). The use of this classification is illustrated by applying it to data collected in the Brazilian Household Budget Survey which was conducted in 2002/2003 through a probabilistic sample of 48,470 Brazilian households. The average daily food availability was 1,792 kcal/person being 42.5% from group 1 (mostly rice and beans and meat and milk), 37.5% from group 2 (mostly vegetable oils, sugar, and flours), and 20% from group 3 (mostly breads, biscuits, sweets, soft drinks, and sausages). The share of group 3 foods increased with income, and represented almost one third of all calories in higher income households. The impact of the replacement of group 1 foods and group 2 ingredients by group 3 products on the overall quality of the diet, eating patterns and health is discussed.

New tick records in Rondônia, Western Brazilian Amazon

In the present study, we provide new tick records from Vilhena Municipality, in the Southeast of the State of Rondônia, Northern Brazil. Ticks collected from a capybara, Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris (Linnaeus), were identified as Amblyomma romitii Tonelli-Rondelli (1 female), and Amblyomma sp. (1 larva). Ticks collected from a harpy eagle, Harpia harpyja (Linnaeus), were identified as Amblyomma cajennense (Fabricius) (16 nymphs) and Haemaphysalis juxtakochi Cooley (1 nymph). Ticks collected from a yellow-footed tortoise, Chelonoidis denticulada (Linnaeus), were identified as Amblyomma rotundatum Koch (10 females, 2 nymphs), and Amblyomma sp. (2 larvae). The present record of A. romitii is the first in the State of Rondônia, and represents the southernmost record for this tick species, indicating that its distribution area is much larger than currently recognized. Although both A. cajennense and H. juxtakochi have been reported parasitizing various bird species, we provide the first tick records on a harpy eagle. A. rotundatum is widespread in the State of Rondônia, and has been previously reported on the yellow-footed tortoise. The present records increase the tick fauna of Rondônia to 26 species.

Resurrection of Anopheles goeldii from synonymy with Anopheles nuneztovari (Diptera, Culicidae) and a new record for Anopheles dunhami in the Brazilian Amazon

Nucleotide sequences of the internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) rDNA and partial sequences of the cytochrome coxidase subunit I (COI) mtDNA and white gene nDNA were obtained from specimens of Anopheles nuneztovari A collected in Macapá (state of Amapá), Óbidos, Prainha and Almeirim (state of Pará), Itacoatiara and Parintins (state of Amazonas), Brazil, and compared with previously published sequences of A. nuneztovari s.l. Results of the Bayesian phylogenetic analyses performed using either COI or combined ITS2, COI and white gene sequences suggest that An. nuneztovari B/C is distinct from specimens obtained in the Amazonas/Solimões River basin. Anopheles goeldii, currently in synonymy with An. nuneztovari, was described from individuals collected in Belterra (= Fordlândia) in the Tapajós River, state of Pará, Southern Amazonas River. Morphological comparisons of the characteristics of the male genitalia indicated that An. nuneztovari A and An. goeldii are similar but distinct from An. nuneztovariB/C by the apex of the aedeagus. In considering the results of the phylogenetic analyses and morphological comparisons, An. goeldii is resurrected from synonymy with An. nuneztovari. Additionally, Anopheles dunhamiis reported for the first time in Parintins. This species can be distinguished from An. goeldiiby characters of the male genitalia and molecular data

Detection of a new mumps virus genotype during parotitis epidemic of 2006-2007 in the State of São Paulo, Brazil

Nucleotide sequence analyses of the SH gene of 18 mumps virus isolates collected in the 2006-2007 parotitis epidemic in the state of São Paulo identified a new genotype, designated genotype M. This new designation fulfills all the parameters required to define a new mumps virus genotype. The parameters were established by an expert panel in collaboration with the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2005. This information will enhance the mumps virus surveillance program both at the national and global levels

Redescription of Anopheles (Nyssorhynchus) antunesi Galvão & Amaral and description of a new species of the Myzorhynchella Section (Diptera: Culicidae) from Serra da Mantiqueira, Brazil

Anopheles (Nyssorhynchus) pristinus Nagaki & Sallum, n. sp. of the Myzorhynchella Section is described based on morphological characters of adult females, males, fourth-instar larvae, pupae and male genitalia. Anopheles (Nyssorhynchus) antunesi Galvão & Amaral is characterized to fix its identity and distinguish it from An. pristinus. The eggs of An. antunesi are described for the first time. Molecular characterization employing sequences of the COI mitochondrial gene and the ITS2 region of ribosomal DNA are provided for each species. An. antunesi and An. pristinus are compared with morphologically similar species of the Myzorhynchella Section. The results of the present study suggest that the new species has been misidentified as both An. antunesi and Anopheles lutzii Cruz. An. antunesi and An. pristinus are sympatric, occurring at high altitudes in Serra da Mantiqueira, southeastern Brazil

Review of American fossil phlebotominae (Diptera: Psychodidae) with a description of two new species

The objective of this study was to carry out a taxonomic review of fossil American phlebotomine sand flies and describe two new species found in amber in the Dominican Republic. The gonostyle of one of these, Micropygomyia dorafeliciangeliae nov. sp., (=Lutzomyia dorafeliciangeliae, species group oswaldoi), has five spines, similar to that of Micropygomyia paterna (Quate, 1963) (= Lutzomyia paterna, species group oswaldoi), but they may be distinguished by the alpha/gamma ratio, which is <1.0 in the new species and >1 in the latter. Pintomyia dominicana nov. sp. (=Lutzomyia dominicana, species group verrucarum) has four spines on the gonostyle and presents a long bristle on the apex of the paramere, which distinguishes it from the other fossil species. With the description of these two new species, a total of 14 species of the American fossil phlebotomine sand flies has been described, 10 of which belong to the genus Pintomyia. An identification key for male fossil species is presented

Gender identification of five genera of stingless bees (Apidae, Meliponini) based on wing morphology

Currently, the identification of pollinators is a critical necessity of conservation programs. After it was found that features extracted from patterns of wing venation are sufficient to discriminate among insect species, various studies have focused on this structure. We examined wing venation patterns of males and workers of five stingless bee species in order to determine if there are differences between sexes and if these differences are greater within than between species. Geometric morphometric analyses were made of the forewings of males and workers of Nannotrigona testaceicornis, Melipona quadrifasciata, Frieseomelitta varia, and Scaptotrigona aff. depilis and Plebeia remota. The patterns of males and workers from the same species were more similar than the patterns of individuals of the same sex from different species, and the patterns of both males and workers, when analyzed alone, were sufficiently different to distinguish among these five species. This demonstrates that we can use this kind of analysis for the identification of stingless bee species and that the sex of the individual does not impede identification. Computer-assisted morphometric analysis of bee wing images can be a useful tool for biodiversity studies and conservation programs.

A new constitutive theory extending Hypoplasticity

The purpose of the present theory is to improve Hypoplasticity, especially in relation to reloading processes. This is done by means of two hypoplastic equations (a classical equation along with a new one containing a so-called mnemonic tensor), a cone in stress space and a criterion defining loading, unloading and reloading. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

New Species of Eugenia sect. Racemosae (Myrtaceae) from the Atlantic Forest, Eastern Brazil

Morphological characters support the description of four new species of Eugenia L sect. Racemosae O. Berg (Myrtaceae) from Brazilian Atlantic Forest. The new species are described, illustrated, and compared with putatively related species. They are: E. brunneopubescens Mazine from Parana, E. capixaba Mazine from Espirito San to, E. costatifructa Mazine from Bahia and Sergipe, and E. longibracteata Mazine from Sao Paulo.

NEW MICROSATELLITE LOCI FOR WATER YAM (DIOSCOREA ALATA, DIOSCOREACEAE) AND CROSS-AMPLIFICATION FOR OTHER DIOSCOREA SPECIES

Premise of the study: Dioscorea alata L. is one of the most widely distributed species of the genus in the humid and semihumid tropics and is associated with traditional agriculture. Only a few microsatellite markers have been developed so far for this and other Dioscorea species. Methods and Results: We isolated 14 codominant polymorphic microsatellite markers using a microsatellite-enriched genomic library technique. Ten microsatellite loci were selected, and 80 D. alata accessions from different regions in Brazil were evaluated with nine polymorphic loci. The polymorphism information content (PIC) varied from 0.39 to 0.78 and the power discrimination (PD) ranged from 0.15 to 0.91. Six of the markers showed transferability for the species D. bulbifera, D. cayenensis-D. rotundata, and D. trifida. Conclusions: The SSR markers obtained are an important tool for further studies aiming to characterize the genetic diversity in D. alata and other Dioscorea spp. accessions.