70 resultados para Condition-based maintenance
Resumo:
O artigo apresenta um conjunto articulado de reflexes a respeito do livro Memria e Sociedade: Lembranas de Velhos, de Ecla Bosi, aqui considerado como obra-prima da psicologia social e das cincias humanas. Procura destacar as originalidades de natureza terico-metodolgica do texto, a comear por uma composio singular que incorpora poesia na construo cientfica, passando por uma redefinio das relaes entre sujeito e objeto do conhecimento, ao desenvolver a perspectiva de alternncia da condio entre ambos, no desdobramento da pesquisa. Mostra, tambm, como o estudo de Ecla Bosi se fundamenta em estreitos vnculos entre a pesquisadora e os velhos pesquisados, de modo a se formar entre eles uma comunidade de destino.
Resumo:
This study investigated the disclosure of HIV-positive serostatus to sexual partners by heterosexual and bisexual men, selected in centers for HIV/AIDS care. In 250 interviews, we investigated disclosure of serostatus to partners, correlating disclosure to characteristics of relationships. The focus group further explored barriers to maintenance/establishment of partnerships and their association with disclosure and condom use. Fear of rejection led to isolation and distress, thus hindering disclosure to current and new partners. Disclosure requires trust and was more frequent to steady partners, to partners who were HIV-positive themselves, to female partners, and by heterosexuals, occurring less frequently with commercial sex workers. Most interviewees reported consistent condom use. Unprotected sex was more frequent with seropositive partners. Suggestions to enhance comprehensive care for HIV-positive men included stigma management, group activities, and human rights-based approaches involving professional education in care for sexual health, disclosure, and care of "persons living with HIV".
Resumo:
O artigo discute, a partir do dilogo entre materialismo histrico dialtico e a psicanlise winnicottiana, as contribuies da escola para a constituio da identidade de sujeitos surdos. A anlise de bibliografia pertinente apontou para a escassez de trabalhos que consideram a relao entre a escola e os processos de subjetivao dessas pessoas. Para compreender as discusses desse campo, foram realizadas reflexes sobre os fenmenos escolares contemporneos luz da Psicologia para uma Educao Formativa - e no deformadora - para todas e todos. Quanto populao surda, apesar de no haver consenso a respeito dos efeitos da escolarizao em instituies inclusivas ou especializadas, concluiu-se que os profissionais da Educao precisam de liberdade e condies objetivas para criar/recriar espaos e estratgias de aprendizagem, com a finalidade de proporcionar aos educandos - e a si mesmos - experincias de relaes mais horizontais com o outro, esteja ele marcado pela diferena lingustica, sensorial, orgnica, etria, cognitiva ou tnica.
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An amperometric lactate biosensor with lactate oxidase immobilized into a Prussian Blue (PB) modified electrode was fabricated. The advantage of using cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) in the electrodeposition step of PB films onto glassy carbon surfaces was confirmed taking into account both the stability and sensitivity of the measurements. The biosensor was used in the development of a FIA amperometric method for the determination of lactate. Under optimal operating conditions (pH = 6.9, E = -0.1 V), the linear response of the method was extended up to 0.28 mol L-1 lactate with a limit of detection of 0.84 mmol L-1. The repeatability of the method for injections of a 0.28 mmol L-1 lactate solution was 2.2 % (n = 18). The usefulness of the method was demonstrated by determining lactate in beer samples and the results were in good agreement with those obtained by using a reference spectrophotometric enzyme method.
Resumo:
OBJECTIVE: To determine the pH over a period of 168 h and the ionic silver content in various concentrations and post-preparation times of aqueous silver nitrate solutions. Also, the possible effects of these factors on microleakage test in adhesive/resin restorations in primary and permanent teeth were evaluated. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A digital pHmeter was used for measuring the pH of the solutions prepared with three types of water (purified, deionized or distilled) and three brands of silver nitrate salt (Merck, Synth or Cennabras) at 0, 1, 2, 24, 48, 72, 96 and 168 h after preparation, and storage in transparent or dark bottles. Ionic silver was assayed according to the post-preparation times (2, 24, 48, 72, 96, 168 h) and concentrations (1, 5, 25, 50%) of solutions by atomic emission spectrometry. For each sample of each condition, three readings were obtained for calculating the mean value. Class V cavities were prepared with enamel margins on primary and permanent teeth and restored with the adhesive systems OptiBond FL or OptiBond SOLO Plus SE and the composite resin Filtek Z-250. After nail polish coverage, the permanent teeth were immersed in 25% or 50% AgNO3 solution and the primary teeth in 5% or 50% AgNO3 solutions for microleakage evaluation. ANOVA and the Tukey's test were used for data analyses (α=5%). RESULTS: The mean pH of the solutions ranged from neutral to alkaline (7.92.2 to 11.80.9). Mean ionic silver content differed depending on the concentration of the solution (4.750.5 to 29315.3 ppm). In the microleakage test, significant difference was only observed for the adhesive system factor (p=0.000). CONCLUSIONS: Under the tested experimental conditions and based on the obtained results, it may be concluded that the aqueous AgNO3 solutions: have neutral/alkaline pH and service life of up to 168 h; the level of ionic silver is proportional to the concentration of the solution; even at 5% concentration, the solutions were capable of indicating loss of marginal seal in the composite restorations; the 3-step conventional adhesive system had better performance regarding microleakage in enamel on primary and permanent teeth.
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The Argentine hake, Merluccius hubbsi, a demersal-pelagic species found from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil to the Tierra del Fuego, Argentina, has become an important target of the Brazilian bottom-trawler fleet since 2001. Earlier studies focusing on the species have suggested that more than one stock might occur off the Brazilian coast, in accordance with environmental features. In order to evaluate this hypothesis, fish were collected from four different areas in the Brazilian waters in which the hake is distributed, during the summers and winters of 1996-2001 and 2004, the females being used to analyze and compare spatial-temporal variations in ovarian maturation. Gonad indexes were also applied for the same purpose. Results indicate a north-south spawning gradient occurring as from summer at around 21S to winter near 34S, leading to the identification of two distinct stocks: one located between 21S and 29S (Southeastern stock) and the other between 29S and 34S (Southern stock), this latter shared with Uruguay and Argentina. Brazilian stocks present clear signs of overexploitation, the situation calling for an urgent solution.
Resumo:
This paper provides a description of the wave climate off the Brazilian coast based on an eleven-year time series (Jan/1997-Dec/2007) obtained from the NWW3 operational model hindcast reanalysis. Information about wave climate in Brazilian waters is very scarce and mainly based on occasional short-term observations, the present analysis being the first covering such temporal and spatial scales. To define the wave climate, six sectors were defined and analyzed along the Brazilian shelf-break: South (W1), Southeast (W2), Central (W3), East (W4), Northeast (W5) and North (W6). W1, W2 and W3 wave regimes are determined by the South Atlantic High (SAH) and the passage of synoptic cold fronts; W4, W5 and W6 are controlled by the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) and its meridional oscillation. The most energetic waves are from the S, generated by the strong winds associated to the passage of cold fronts, which mainly affect the southern region. Wave power presents a decrease in energy levels from south to north, with its annual variation showing that the winter months are the most energetic in W1 to W4, while in W5 and W6 the most energetic conditions occur during the austral summer. The information presented here provides boundary conditions for studies related to coastal processes, fundamental for a better understanding of the Brazilian coastal zone.
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Although the rio Capivari basin is recognized as an area of great importance for the ichthyofauna, it lacks virtually every basic requirement for the definition of appropriate conservation strategies, since not even its species composition is known. The objective of this work is to determine the composition and distribution of fish species in the upper rio Capivari basin, relating them to the local physical features, and to evaluate the effectiveness of proposed conservations units, delimited based on areas of native vegetation remains, on the conservation of local ichthyofauna. During 2007, 50 different watercourses were sampled with gillnets, cast nets and kick nets. A total of 1308 individuals belonging to 41 species were captured. Degree of conservation, altitude and width were the parameters that best explained fish species richness. Considering the recently proposed boundaries for potential conservation units in the region only 15 or 20 out of 41 species would be found in the State Park and Environmental Protection Area respectively. In practice, the proposed conservation units would not be effective tools for fish conservation, since it would be located in mountainous areas of high altitude, of headwaters streams and where few species are found. In such context, the conservation of specific stretches of larger rivers is critical.
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The present contribution explores the impact of the QUALIS metric system for academic evaluation implemented by CAPES (Coordination for the Development of Personnel in Higher Education) upon Brazilian Zoological research. The QUALIS system is based on the grouping and ranking of scientific journals according to their Impact Factor (IF). We examined two main points implied by this system, namely: 1) its reliability as a guideline for authors; 2) if Zoology possesses the same publication profile as Botany and Oceanography, three fields of knowledge grouped by CAPES under the subarea "BOZ" for purposes of evaluation. Additionally, we tested CAPES' recent suggestion that the area of Ecology would represent a fourth field of research compatible with the former three. Our results indicate that this system of classification is inappropriate as a guideline for publication improvement, with approximately one third of the journals changing their strata between years. We also demonstrate that the citation profile of Zoology is distinct from those of Botany and Oceanography. Finally, we show that Ecology shows an IF that is significantly different from those of Botany, Oceanography, and Zoology, and that grouping these fields together would be particularly detrimental to Zoology. We conclude that the use of only one parameter of analysis for the stratification of journals, i.e., the Impact Factor calculated for a comparatively small number of journals, fails to evaluate with accuracy the pattern of publication present in Zoology, Botany, and Oceanography. While such simplified procedure might appeals to our sense of objectivity, it dismisses any real attempt to evaluate with clarity the merit embedded in at least three very distinct aspects of scientific practice, namely: productivity, quality, and specificity.
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This paper describes a new food classification which assigns foodstuffs according to the extent and purpose of the industrial processing applied to them. Three main groups are defined: unprocessed or minimally processed foods (group 1), processed culinary and food industry ingredients (group 2), and ultra-processed food products (group 3). The use of this classification is illustrated by applying it to data collected in the Brazilian Household Budget Survey which was conducted in 2002/2003 through a probabilistic sample of 48,470 Brazilian households. The average daily food availability was 1,792 kcal/person being 42.5% from group 1 (mostly rice and beans and meat and milk), 37.5% from group 2 (mostly vegetable oils, sugar, and flours), and 20% from group 3 (mostly breads, biscuits, sweets, soft drinks, and sausages). The share of group 3 foods increased with income, and represented almost one third of all calories in higher income households. The impact of the replacement of group 1 foods and group 2 ingredients by group 3 products on the overall quality of the diet, eating patterns and health is discussed.
Resumo:
OBJETIVO: Estimar a prevalncia de excesso de peso e obesidade e fatores associados. MTODOS: Foram analisados dados referentes a indivduos com idade >18 anos entrevistados pelo sistema de Vigilncia de Fatores de Risco e Proteo para Doenas Crnicas por Inqurito Telefnico (VIGITEL), realizado nas capitais brasileiras e Distrito Federal em 2006. Para 49.395 indivduos, o ndice de massa corporal (IMC) foi utilizado para identificar excesso de peso (IMC 25-30 kg/m) e obesidade (IMC >30 kg/m). Prevalncia e razes de prevalncia foram apresentadas segundo variveis sociodemogrficas, escolaridade e condio de sade/comorbidades e auto-avaliao da sade, estratificadas por sexo. Utilizou-se regresso de Poisson para anlises brutas e ajustadas por idade. RESULTADOS: A prevalncia de excesso de peso foi de 47% para os homens e 39% para as mulheres, e de obesidade, 11% para ambos os sexos. Observou-se associao direta entre excesso de peso e escolaridade entre homens, e associao inversa entre mulheres. Obesidade foi mais freqente entre os homens que viviam com companheira e no esteve associada com escolaridade ou cor da pele. As prevalncias de excesso de peso e obesidade foram mais altas entre mulheres negras e que viviam com companheiro. A presena de diabetes, hipertenso arterial sistmica e dislipidemias, bem como considerar sua sade como regular ou ruim, tambm foram referidas pelos entrevistados com excesso de peso ou obesidade. CONCLUSES: Enquanto cerca de um de cada dois entrevistados foram classificados com excesso de peso, obesidade foi referida por um de cada dez entrevistados. Variveis socioeconmicas e demogrficas, bem como morbidades referidas, foram associadas com excesso de peso e obesidade. Esses resultados foram similares queles encontrados em outros estudos brasileiros.
Resumo:
OBJETIVO: O ps-parto um perodo de alteraes biolgicas, psicolgicas e sociais. Essa considerada a poca mais vulnervel para a ocorrncia de transtornos psiquitricos. A disforia puerperal, a depresso ps-parto e a psicose ps-parto tm sido classicamente relacionadas ao ps-parto. Atualmente, tem sido observado que os transtornos ansiosos tambm esto associados a esse perodo. MTODO: Neste artigo feita uma reviso da bibliografia acerca de transtornos psiquitricos no ps-parto a partir de artigos encontrados no PubMed e no SciELO entre os anos de 2000 e 2009. Livros, teses e outros artigos considerados relevantes citados no material consultado tambm foram includos. RESULTADOS: A disforia puerperal ocorre em 50% a 85% das mulheres, o quadro leve e transitrio e no requer tratamento. A depresso ps-parto tem prevalncia em torno de 13%, pode causar repercusses negativas na interao me-beb e em outros aspectos da vida da mulher e deve ser tratada. A psicose ps-parto rara, aparecendo em cerca de 0,2% das purperas. Tem quadro grave que envolve sintomas psicticos e afetivos, havendo risco de suicdio e infanticdio e geralmente requerendo internao hospitalar. Os transtornos ansiosos podem ser exacerbados ou precipitados no ps-parto, especialmente o transtorno de ansiedade generalizada, o transtorno de estresse ps-traumtico e o transtorno obsessivo-compulsivo. CONCLUSO: Apesar de no serem reconhecidos como entidades diagnsticas pelos sistemas classificatrios atuais, os transtornos mentais no puerprio apresentam peculiaridades clnicas que merecem ateno por parte de clnicos e pesquisadores.
Resumo:
OBJETIVO: Analisar a associao entre indicadores socioeconmicos, de proviso de servios pblicos odontolgicos e de alocao de recursos financeiros em sade, e identificar se o sentido das associaes ocorre em favor da eqidade vertical. MTODOS: Foi realizado um estudo transversal de abordagem ecolgica, com dados do Ministrio da Sade referentes a 399 municpios do estado do Paran, no perodo de 1998 a 2005. A condio socioeconmica foi aferida por meio do ndice de Desenvolvimento Humano dos municpios, alm de indicadores de renda, educao e saneamento bsico, os quais foram obtidos nas bases de dados do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatstica. Os dados foram submetidos a testes estatsticos no-paramtricos: coeficiente de correlao de Spearman, Friedman e Mann-Whitney. RESULTADOS: Houve tendncia redistributiva dos recursos federais transferidos aos municpios para o custeio da ateno bsica, intensificada a partir do lanamento da Estratgia Sade da Famlia. Observou-se expanso das aes de sade bucal no perodo analisado, bem como tendncia pr-eqidade na oferta e utilizao dos servios odontolgicos em ateno bsica. CONCLUSES: Houve tendncia redistributiva, ou pr-eqidade, na proviso de servios odontolgicos no estado do Paran, com maior proviso per capita de recursos ou servios para municpios com piores indicadores socioeconmicos. Esta tendncia se mostrou compatvel com as diretrizes programticas recentes do Ministrio da Sade.
Resumo:
Identification of animals that are decomposing or have been run over or burnt and cannot be visually identified is a problem in the surveillance and control of infectious diseases. Many of these animals are wild and represent a valuable source of information for epidemiologic research as they may be carriers of an infectious agent. This article discusses the results obtained using a method for identifying mammals genetically by sequencing their mitochondrial DNA control region. Fourteen species were analyzed and identified. These included the main reservoirs and transmitters of rabies virus, namely, canids, chiroptera and primates. The results prove that this method of genetic identification is both efficient and simple and that it can be used in the surveillance of infectious diseases which includes mammals in their epidemiologic cycle, such as rabies.
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As fmeas bovinas, por sua importncia na transmisso e na manuteno da brucelose, constituram o alvo dos inquritos do Programa Nacional de Controle e Erradicao da Brucelose e da Tuberculose Animal. Com base em informaes obtidas em unidades federativas onde foram realizados inquritos sorolgicos e observadas prevalncias de animais acima de 2%, elaborou-se um modelo para simular a dinmica da brucelose em rebanhos bovinos formados exclusivamente por fmeas, analisando o efeito de estratgias de vacinao. Para baixa cobertura vacinal, da ordem de 30%, o tempo para reduzir a prevalncia a 2%, valor adotado como referncia, pode ser longo, aproximando-se do dobro do tempo necessrio para uma cobertura mais alta, de 90%. De acordo com o modelo, o tempo para reduzir a prevalncia a 1% ou 2%, que permitam passar fase de erradicao, pode chegar a uma dcada. Recomenda-se a intensificao do esforo para a vacinao de fmeas, procurando atingir alta cobertura vacinal.
