Trans-resveratrol inhibits early blood vessel formation (Vasculogenesis) without impairment of embryonic growth

Resveratrol is a stilbene compound found in grapes and other sources. In this study we examined the effects of trans-resveratrol (4.38-438 mu M/implant) in the vasculogenesis of yolk-sac membranes and its capacity to improve chick embryo growth. High concentrations of the stilbene (43.8-438 mu M) significantly inhibited early vessel formation, decreasing the percentage vitelline vessels of 3.5-day embryos by 50% compared to the control. In addition, basic fibroblast growth factor-stimulated vasculogenesis (140% of vessels as compared to control) was partially reversed by t-resveratrol (35% of inhibition) and treatments with cyclooxygenase inhibitors (acetylsalicylic acid and indomethacin) as well a protein-kinase C (PKC) activator (phorbol-12,13-dibutyrate) decreased the vessel number to 60%, 50%, and 44%, respectively. Treatments with t-resveratrol (4.38-43.8 mu M/implant) significantly increased the body length of embryos incubated in vitro uncoupled from any impairment in the body shape or detectable embryotoxic effect. We suggest that the antivasculogenic activity and the enhancement in embryonic growth promoted by non acute treatments with t-resveratrol were, at least in part, due to PKC inhibition. We suggest that t-resveratrol can be usable not only as a reliable functional nutriment, but also is useful for the development of prophylactic and/or therapeutic agents for treatment of angiogenic-degenerative diseases.

Resveratrol and quercetin cooperate to induce senescence-like growth arrest in C6 rat glioma cells

Glioma is the most frequent and malignant primary human brain tumor with dismal prognosis despite multimodal therapy. Resveratrol and quercetin, two structurally related and naturally occurring polyphenols, are proposed to have anticancer effects. We report here that resveratrol and quercetin decreased the cell number in four glioma cell lines but not in rat astrocytes. Low doses of resveratrol (10 mu M) or quercetin (25 mu M) separately had no effect on apoptosis induction, but had a strong effect on caspase 3/7 activation when administered together. Western blot analyses showed that resveratrol (10 mu M) and quercetin (25 mu M) caused a reduction in phosphorylation of Akt, but this reduction was not sufficient by itself to mediate the effects of these polyphenols. Most important, resveratrol and quercetin chronically administered presented a strong synergism in inducing senescence-like growth arrest. These results suggest that the combination of polyphenols can potentialize their antitumoral activity, thereby reducing the therapeutic concentration needed for glioma treatment. (Cancer Sci 2009; 100: 1655-1662).

Inser����o de graduados em fonoaudiologia de uma universidade p��blica em programas de p��s-gradua����o

OBJETIVO: caracterizar a inser����o de egressos do Curso de Fonoaudiologia da Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) - Mar��lia, em Programas de P��s-Gradua����o (PPG) Stricto Sensu brasileiros. M��TODO: foram utilizadas listas de graduados e Curriculum Vitae do egresso e do orientador. RESULTADOS: dos 537 formados, 16,57% cursaram/estavam cursando PPG e destes, 98,88% em mestrado e 37,08% tamb��m em doutorado. Na grande ��rea de conhecimento, 50% dos egressos de mestrado vincularam-se predominantemente a programas em Ci��ncias da Sa��de, 31,80% em Ci��ncias Humanas e 13,64% em Lingu��stica, Letras e Artes. No doutorado, 33, 33% em Ci��ncias Humanas, 30,30% em Ci��ncias da Sa��de e em Lingu��stica, Letras e Artes. Quanto �� ��rea de conhecimento, predominou a vincula����o, no mestrado, de 30,68% em Fonoaudiologia, 28,41% em Educa����o, 13,64% em Lingu��stica e 9,09% em Medicina I; e, no doutorado, de 33,33% em Educa����o, 30,30% em Lingu��stica e 9,09% em Fonoaudiologia; 55,68% disserta����es e 51,52% teses focalizaram a linguagem. A UNESP predominou com 39,77% no mestrado e 48,48% no doutorado. Predominou a vincula����o a Programas com conceito 4 para 52,27% dos egressos do mestrado e 45,45% do doutorado. Quando constou a informa����o (55,68%), todos receberam fomento. O Teste de Raz��o de Verossimilhan��a n��o indicou diferen��as significativas dos percentuais obtidos entre o mestrado e o doutorado. CONCLUS��O: os resultados superaram os apresentados para o mesmo Estado, mostraram a caracter��stica interdisciplinar da Ci��ncia Fonoaudiol��gica e o predom��nio de tem��tica em linguagem.

Casamento contempor��neo: revis��o de literatura acerca da op����o por n��o ter filhos

Em meio ��s diversas transforma����es sofridas pelo casamento e pela fam��lia ao longo da hist��ria, v��rias configura����es familiares convivem na contemporaneidade: nuclear, monoparental, homoparental, recomposta, entre outras possibilidades. Nesse contexto, aumenta, em v��rios pa��ses, e mais recentemente no Brasil, o n��mero de casais que escolhem n��o ter filhos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar uma revis��o bibliogr��fica sobre o tema, incluindo publica����es nacionais e internacionais. A busca foi feita em bases de dados (Web of Science, PsycINFO, Medline, SciELO, Lilacs, Psicodoc, BVS-Psi, Dedalus), e foram levantados artigos completos em peri��dicos indexados e resumos de teses e disserta����es produzidas nos ��ltimos dez anos. Os resultados coletados abordam diversas facetas do fen��meno da escolha contempor��nea por n��o ter filhos: motiva����es declaradas, associa����o entre esse tipo de escolha e a situa����o profissional, rela����o com fatores de hist��ria de vida e fam��lia de origem, satisfa����o de vida e conjugal, preconceito e estere��tipos negativos.

Corporeidade e a����o nos processos de forma����o do eu

Parte-se da hip��tese de que tanto os modos de constitui����o da subjetividade, quanto as teses epistemol��gicas sobre a forma����o do eu t��m sofrido importantes mudan��as nas ��ltimas d��cadas. No plano das identidades pessoais, tal fato se expressa no atenuamento do ide��rio intimista, tradicionalmente centrado na id��ia da vida mental como espa��o privado e interior. No plano epistemol��gico, diferentes saberes v��m questionando a equival��ncia entre vida mental e interioridade psicol��gica e propondo descri����es da origem do eu que incluam a dimens��o da corporeidade e da a����o. Considerando as no����es de representa����o e de a����o como eixos fundamentais para diferentes concep����es da subjetividade, este artigo examina um modelo internalista do psiquismo, contrastando-o com outro que toma o eu como agente corporificado.

Concentra����es de vitamina A no leite humano e caracter��sticas socioecon��micas e nutricionais maternas: resultados de estudos brasileiros

OBJETIVOS: agregar e discutir os resultados de estudos realizados no Brasil que avaliaram a concentra����o de vitamina A no leite materno. FONTES DOS DADOS: foram pesquisadas as bases LILACS, Banco de Teses da Capes, SciELO (Scientific Electronic Library), e Plataforma Lattes -se����o de produ����o cient��fica. As palavras-chaves utilizadas foram: gestantes, lactante, concentra����o de vitamina A no leite humano, Brasil. As buscas foram realizadas em 2006 e atualizadas em mar��o de 2008. Foram inclu��dos todos os estudos localizados. S��NTESE DOS DADOS: foram localizados 14 estudos, publicados entre 1988 e 2008, heterog��neos quanto ao tamanho da amostra, fase do leite, per��odo do dia da coleta e m��todo de determina����o das concentra����es de vitamina A. Foram descritas concentra����es m��dias de vitamina A no leite humano entre 0,62 e 4,50 ��mol/L. CONCLUS��ES: n��o houve consenso sobre a rela����o entre concentra����o de vitamina A no leite humano e vitamina A diet��tica, estado nutricional materno, caracter��sticas obst��tricas e demogr��ficas e dura����o da gesta����o. Sugere-se que estudos futuros utilizem, amostras de leite maduro, coletadas aleatoriamente ao longo dos diferentes per��odos do dia, e a utiliza����o do high performance liquid chromatography - HPLC - como m��todo de determina����o de vitamina A.

Transtornos psiqui��tricos no p��s-parto

OBJETIVO: O p��s-parto �� um per��odo de altera����es biol��gicas, psicol��gicas e sociais. Essa �� considerada a ��poca mais vulner��vel para a ocorr��ncia de transtornos psiqui��tricos. A disforia puerperal, a depress��o p��s-parto e a psicose p��s-parto t��m sido classicamente relacionadas ao p��s-parto. Atualmente, tem sido observado que os transtornos ansiosos tamb��m est��o associados a esse per��odo. M��TODO: Neste artigo �� feita uma revis��o da bibliografia acerca de transtornos psiqui��tricos no p��s-parto a partir de artigos encontrados no PubMed e no SciELO entre os anos de 2000 e 2009. Livros, teses e outros artigos considerados relevantes citados no material consultado tamb��m foram inclu��dos. RESULTADOS: A disforia puerperal ocorre em 50% a 85% das mulheres, o quadro �� leve e transit��rio e n��o requer tratamento. A depress��o p��s-parto tem preval��ncia em torno de 13%, pode causar repercuss��es negativas na intera����o m��e-beb�� e em outros aspectos da vida da mulher e deve ser tratada. A psicose p��s-parto �� rara, aparecendo em cerca de 0,2% das pu��rperas. Tem quadro grave que envolve sintomas psic��ticos e afetivos, havendo risco de suic��dio e infantic��dio e geralmente requerendo interna����o hospitalar. Os transtornos ansiosos podem ser exacerbados ou precipitados no p��s-parto, especialmente o transtorno de ansiedade generalizada, o transtorno de estresse p��s-traum��tico e o transtorno obsessivo-compulsivo. CONCLUS��O: Apesar de n��o serem reconhecidos como entidades diagn��sticas pelos sistemas classificat��rios atuais, os transtornos mentais no puerp��rio apresentam peculiaridades cl��nicas que merecem aten����o por parte de cl��nicos e pesquisadores.

An��lise da produ����o acad��mica em vigil��ncia sanit��ria de alimentos, 1993-2007

O objetivo do estudo foi analisar os temas relacionados �� ��rea de vigil��ncia sanit��ria de alimentos abordados em pesquisas cient��ficas de cursos de p��s-gradua����o, com potencial de aplica����o no servi��o. O total de 337 teses e disserta����es apresentadas �� Universidade de S��o Paulo entre os anos de 1993 e 2007 foi analisado. Os resultados mostraram que as pesquisas desenvolvidas nas universidades t��m potencial para aplica����o em vigil��ncia sanit��ria, sobretudo no sentido de orientar os profissionais da ��rea em pr��ticas atualizadas

Resgate hist��rico do controle do tabagismo na Faculdade de Sa��de P��blica da Universidade de S��o Paulo: relato de uma experi��ncia

A a����o da Faculdade de Sa��de P��blica da Universidade de S��o Paulo na luta contra o tabagismo teve in��cio em 1975, quando a institui����o participou da III Confer��ncia Mundial de Fumo e Sa��de, realizada em New York (EUA). Depois de tr��s d��cadas de trabalho ininterrupto, ela recebeu, em 2008, da Secretaria de Estado da Sa��de de S��o Paulo, o selo prata de certifica����o de ambiente livre do tabaco. Nesse espa��o de tempo, ao lado de um trabalho educativo, realizado corpo a corpo com docentes, funcion��rios e alunos, foram realizadas pesquisas, treinamentos e desenvolvido toda uma programa����o orientada pelo Minist��rio da Sa��de / Instituto Nacional do C��ncer. Foram tamb��m produzidas in��meras monografias de mestrado, teses de doutorado e de livre doc��ncia, tendo como tema o tabagismo do ponto de vista educativo, social, m��dico e sanit��rio. Este artigo pretendeu fazer o relato dessa trajet��ria

Phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity of seed and skin extracts of red grape (Vitis vinifera and Vitis labrusca) pomace from Brazilian winemaking

The phenolic compounds content and antioxidant activity of seed and skin of pomace from the vinification of grape varieties widely produced in Brazil were investigated with a view to their exploitation as a potential source of natural antioxidants. There was a greater concentration of phenolic compounds in the seeds (2128 to 16,518 mg of catechin equivalents (CE)/100 g) than in the skins (660 to 1839 mg CE/100 g). The highest antioxidant activity values determined as DPPH radical-scavenging ability and ferric reducing-antioxidant power (FRAP) were found for the seeds of the Pinot Noir variety (16,925 mu mol Trolox equivalents (TE)/100 g and 21,492 mu mol Fe(2+)/100 g, respectively) and in the skin extracts of the Isabel variety (3640 mu mol TE/100 g and 4362 mu mol Fe(2+)/100 g, respectively). The skin of Cabernet Sauvignon and Primitivo varieties had the highest contents of anthocyanins (935 and 832 mg/100 g, respectively). The grape seed extracts were rich in oligomeric and polymeric flavanols. The data suggested that grape seed and skin extracts may be exploited as antioxidant agents. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Evaluation of natural and synthetic compounds according to their antioxidant activity using a multivariate approach

The antioxidant activity of natural and synthetic compounds was evaluated using five in vitro methods: ferric reducing/antioxidant power (FRAP), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydradzyl (DPPH), oxygen radical absorption capacity (ORAL), oxidation of an aqueous dispersion of linoleic acid accelerated by azo-initiators (LAOX), and oxidation of a meat homogenate submitted to a thermal treatment (TBARS). All results were expressed as Trolox equivalents. The application of multivariate statistical techniques suggested that the phenolic compounds (caffeic acid, carnosic acid, genistein and resveratrol), beyond their high antioxidant activity measured by the DPPH, FRAP and TBARS methods, showed the highest ability to react with the radicals in the ORAC methodology, compared to the other compounds evaluated in this study (ascorbic acid, erythorbate, tocopherol, BHT, Trolox, tryptophan, citric acid, EDTA, glutathione, lecithin, methionine and tyrosine). This property was significantly correlated with the number of phenolic rings and catecholic structure present in the molecule. Based on a multivariate analysis, it is possible to select compounds from different clusters and explore their antioxidant activity interactions in food products.

Phenolic compounds content and antioxidant activity in pomace from selected red grapes (Vitis vinifera L. and Vitis labrusca L.) widely produced in Brazil

The phenolic compounds content and antioxidant activity of pomace from the vinification of grape varieties widely produced in Brazil (Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Bordeaux and Isabel) were investigated with a view to their exploitation as a potential source of natural antioxidants. Cabernet Sauvignon grape pomace was found to have the highest content of total phenolic compounds (74.75 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g), the highest antioxidant activity (determined using the 2,2`-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate) (ABTS) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging methods; 485.42 and 505.52 mu Mol Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC)/g, respectively), and the highest reducing power (determined using the FRAP method; 249.46 mu Mol TEAC/g). The Bordeaux variety showed the highest oxidation inhibition power (41.13%), determined using the beta-carotene/linoleic acid method and the highest content of total anthocyanins (HPLC; 29.17 mg/g). Catechin was the most abundant non-anthocyanic compound identified in the grape pomace (150.16 mg/100 g) for all varieties. In this study, pomaces of the red wine vinification of Cabernet Sauvignon and Bordeaux varieties showed the highest potential as a source of antioxidant compounds and natural colourants, respectively. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Configuration of stilbene derivatives by (1)H NMR and theoretical calculation of chemical shifts

The direct E/Z configuration assignment of tri- and tetra-substituted stilbenes (and other analogous olefins) when only one of the isomers is available is a quite challenging task. Sometimes, a chemical transformation or some other tedious method is necessary for determination of the double bond substitution pattern. In this paper, we relied on theoretical calculation of chemical shifts as a complementary tool for (1)H NMR determination of the configuration of an alpha-phenylcinnamic acid prepared as a unique isomer by the Perkin reaction. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Fungi, mycotoxins and phytoalexin in peanut varieties, during plant growth in the field

The aim of the present study was to analyze the mycobiota, occurrence of mycotoxins (aflatoxins and cyclopiazonic acid), and production of phytoalexin (trans-resveratrol) in two peanut varieties (Runner IAC 886 and Caiapo) during plant growth in the field. Climatic factors (rainfall, relative humidity and temperature) and water activity were also evaluated. The results showed a predominance of Fusarium spp. in kernels and pods, followed by Penicillium spp. and Aspergillus flavus. Aflatoxins were detected in 20% and 10% of samples of the IAC 886 and Caiapo varieties, respectively. Analysis showed that 65% of kernel samples of the IAC 886 variety and 25% of the Caiapo variety were contaminated with cyclopiazonic acid. trans-Resveratrol was detected in 6.7% of kernel samples of the IAC 886 variety and in 20% of the Caiapo variety. However, trans-resveratrol was found in 73.3% of leaf samples in the two varieties studied. (C) 2011 Published by Elsevier Ltd.

Effect of some antioxidants on oxidative DNA damage induced by autoxidation of microquantities of sulfite in the presence of Ni(II)/Gly-Gly-L-His

Ni(II)GGH (GGH, glycylglycyl-L-histidine) reacts rapidly with S(IV), in air-saturated solution, to produce Ni(III)GGH. A mechanism is proposed where Ni(III) oxidizes SO(3)(2-) to SO(3)(center dot-), which reacts with dissolved oxygen to produce SO(5)(center dot-), initiating radical chain reactions. DNA strand breaks and 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-20-deoxyguanosine (8-oxodGuo) formation were observed in air-saturated solutions containing micromolar concentrations of nickel(II) and S(IV). The efficacies of melatonin, (-)-epigallocatechin-gallate (from green tea), resveratrol, tannic, and ascorbic acids in terms of their inhibitory activities of DNA strand breaks and 8-oxodGuo formation were evaluated.